甲醇与汽油的联合毒性研究

汽车工业的飞速发展和汽车保有量的不断增加 ,使汽车废气对环境的污染日趋严重。研究开发各种清洁燃料 ,降低废气排放 ,减少石油消耗已成为汽车工业领域重要的研究方向。甲醇是世界各国研究较充分的替代燃料之一[1] 。因其理化性接近汽油 ,可部分或全部代替汽油或柴油在发动机上应用 ,减少汽车尾气中的CO、HC、NOx等的排放 ;且生产甲醇的原料来源丰富 ,因此有望成为一种更清洁的代用燃料。为配合我省甲醇汽油推广应用项目的实施 ,我们进行了甲醇与汽油的联合毒性研究。1　材料和方法1.1　材料　甲醇 :分析纯 ,天津市化学试剂六厂三分厂出…     

三硝基甲苯对恒河猴的亚慢性毒性研究

用60mg/kg和120mg/kgTNT给恒河猴灌胃三个月。主要引起血液中高铁血红蛋白形成,变性珠蛋白小体出现和网织红细胞升高,继而引起脾脏和骨髓相应改变,肝线粒体脂质过氧化物含量增高和血清胆酸一时性增高,晶状体未见明显改变。说明在本实验条件下,TNT对恒河猴血液系统的毒性明显,对肝脏影响不明显,对晶状体则未见影响。     

环磷酰胺对恒河猴血细胞的影响

环磷酰胺（ＣＰ）是一种抗癌药及免疫抑制剂。我们用不同剂量的ＣＰ攻击不同性别体重的健康野生恒河猴（ＭａｃａｃａＭｕｌａｔｔａ）,观察其外周血细胞及其形态变化,以了解该药对猴体外周血细胞的影响。现报告如下。１材料与方法１．１恒河猴均捕获自广西西北部山区。雄性４只,雌性４只,猴龄在１～２岁之间,体重１．２～１．５Ｋｇ,捕获后先经过健康检查证实无结核、痢疾、肺炎、肝炎及其它急性传染性疾病并单笼饲养。１．２环磷酰胺上海华联制药有限公司生产注射用ＣＰ,２００ｍｇ／瓶（批号９６１２０７）,使用前用灭菌生理盐水…     

恒河猴脱离铅接触后的毒性反应及生殖机能影响的远期观察

本文报道了醋酸铅对雌性恒河猴亚急性毒性和生殖机能的远期影响。结果表明,10～50mg/kg剂量的铅可引起雌猴消化和神经系统机能的障碍,红细胞游离原卟啉(FEP)和点彩红细胞增高,血红蛋白下降。铅可引起多个器官的损害,尤其以肾、肝两脏器为明显。铅对雌猴生殖机能的影响主要为:月经持续时间减少,月经周期延长和受孕率低等等。     

混合稀土对恒河猴的急性毒性研究

本文研究了混合稀土经消化道和静脉注射对恒河猴的急性毒性作用。结果表明,混合稀土硝酸盐灌胃可引起动物呕吐,半数有效量为68.1mg/kg。500mg/kg/d掺入饲料喂饲可使动物拒食和大便硬结。静脉注射混合稀土可产生溶血(急性阈浓度为2mg/kg)、抗凝作用(阈浓度为1mg/kg)剂量达20mg/kg时,具有肝、肾损害及影响钙、磷代谢。     

TNT灌胃在恒河猴体内的毒物代谢动力学研究

用120mg/kgTNT给恒河猴一次灌胃染毒,血中TNT、DNAT和MHb的浓度—时间曲线均符合单室模型。TNT和DNAT均呈现吸收较快、消除较慢的特点。血中峰浓度和曲线下面积,DNAT均为TNT的37倍,全血廓清率DNAT为TNT的1/40,表观分布容积DNAT为TNT的1/50。椐主要动力参数比较,DNAT比TNT更接近MHb。结果表明,DNAT可用于TNT接触的生物监测。     

恒河猴三硝基甲苯染毒后咖啡因清除率的变化

应用恒河猴做成亚慢性三硝基甲苯染毒（ＴＮＴ）模型，在染毒前，染毒中期和试验表明咖啡因在动物体内的清除呈一级动力学，半衰期为８。８８小时，这一结果说明咖啡因符合肝脏代射模型药物的要求。ＴＮＴ染毒后咖啡因清除率（ＣＬｃａ）下降，而同期血清甘胆酸（ＣＡ）浓度无变化。这一结果说明ＣＬｃａ可能比ＣＡ能列早地反映接触ＴＮＴ后的机体反应。染毒三个月后处死动物直接测定肝混合功能氧化酶（ＭＦＯ）活性，发现咖啡因清除     

恒河猴乳酸脱氢酶同工酶等的血清学调查

本文应用琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术分离恒河猴血清LDH同工酶区带，其百分比为（x±S）LDH_127．56±9．57、LDH_241．14±7．27、LDH_315．57±3．70、LDH_49．97±4．76和LDH_55．58±3．83。正常猴血清ICD的水平（x±S）是853．15～310．83单位，其范围为921．37～793．93单位。猴血清的ALT的含量水平均值为20．55U／L，S为4．22，变异系数为20．54％，性别之间无显著性差异。     

二甲基甲酰胺的体内代谢与其毒性机理

二甲基甲酰胺的体内代谢与其毒性机理山东省劳动卫生职业病防治研究所（济南市经十路，２５００６２）师以康戴秀莲二甲基甲酰胺（ＤＭＦ）作为一种良好溶剂广泛应用于纤维、皮革、染料及制药等工业生产中。车间工人主要经呼吸道吸入ＤＭＦ，另外还可经皮肤进入体内，主要...     

敌枯双对猕猴毒性作用的观察

敌枯双[N,N’-methylerie-bis-(α-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole)、(MATDA)]以静脉注射、灌胃和喂饲给妊娠与雌、雄性猕猴染毒。结果:除喂饲组外,猕猴表现摄食差,萎靡和活动减少,进而呕吐、拒食和腹泻;孕猴出现流产或仔猴畸形;甲状腺病理变化明显,从滤泡增生至抑制,具剂量—反应关系。     

Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of pentachlorobenzene in the rhesus monkey.

The effect of exposure of Channa punctatus to LC(50) (6.8 mg/L) and sublethal concentration (2.8 mg/L) of lead nitrate on the activities of amino tripeptidase, glycylglycine, leucyl-l-glycine dipeptidases and lipase has been investigated. An inhibition in the activities of all the enzymes is noted after 96 hr, 15 and 30 days of treatment period. The inhibition in lipase activity is statistically insignificant in both the acute and chronic treatment cases. The experiments indicate that lead induced toxicity is more severe in chronic treatment as compared to acute treatment.     

Initial heterosexual behavior of adolescent rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

This report describes the first heterosexual encounters of twelve 3-year-old rhesus monkeys, six of each sex. The subjects were all laboratory-born, and were reared in wire cages for the first 8 months of life, accompanied only by their mothers. After these animals were weaned, each was placed in a cage with another animal of the same age and sex. The pairs formed in this way remained intact until the animals were 2 years old. When heterosexual dyads were formed, some of the subjects attacked and bit the animal with which they had been paired, while the members of other pairs established almost immediate rapport as evidenced by mutual grooming and adequate sexual behavior. The initial sexual interactions of most pairs were uncoordinated, but all eventually demonstrated qualitatively species-typical patterns of sexual behavior. Despite their immaturity, two of these pairs succeeded in producing offspring, both of which were healthy.This research was supported by USPHS grants MH-22253 to G. Mitchell, HD-04335 to L. Chapman, and RR-00169 to California Primate Research Center.     

醋酸铅对甲状腺损害的实验研究

本文应用恒河猴,对醋酸铅致甲状腺的毒性作用及其机制进行了实验观察。实验结果表明,染毒后动物血铅和δ-ALAD水平显著改变(P<0.05或<0.01),TSH水平明显高于对照组,而T_3水平低于对照组(P<0.05或<0.01),且呈良好的剂量一反应关系。甲状腺铅含量高剂量组明显高于对照组,低剂量组与对照组接近。血铅水平与甲状腺铅含量之间呈明显正相关(r=0.954,P<0.01).组织病理学检查见高剂量组甲状腺滤泡上皮呈高柱状,数目增多。提示在5～15mg/kg剂量的水平之下,铅可以造成甲状腺功能损害,其损害机制可能是铅在甲状腺内竞争与碘结合蛋白结合,而引起碘不足。     

H2株甲肝减毒活疫苗安全性及免疫效果观察

目的观察单层及悬浮吸附工艺不同收毒时间生产的H2株甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗(以下简称甲肝活疫苗)接种恒河猴的安全性及免疫效果。方法筛选甲肝抗体阴性,丙氨酸转胺酶(ALT)正常的恒河猴15只,随机分为3组,每组5只,下肢静脉注射疫苗1 ml/只。接种3 d内,每天观察有无局部和全身反应,0,2,3,4,6,8周采血测ALT及甲肝抗体,0,4,8周肝穿做组织病理检查,观察到期尸检。结果接种疫苗3 d内,所有恒河猴均无局部和全身反应。观察全程ALT正常,肝脏无特殊组织病理改变。免后4周甲肝抗体全部阳转,单层工艺26 d疫苗、悬浮工艺23和26 d疫苗几何平均滴度(GMT)4周分别为9.2,14.9和27.9;8周分别为32,64和64;悬浮工艺23 d和26 d疫苗猴体免疫效果相似,且两者均明显优于单层工艺疫苗。结论悬浮吸附工艺23 d收毒疫苗接种恒河猴具有较好的安全性和可靠的免疫效果,采用悬浮吸附工艺生产H2株甲肝活疫苗23 d收获病毒较经济和稳妥。     

Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of pentachlorobenzene in the rhesus monkey

Summary The effect of exposure ofChanna punctatus to LC(50) (6.8 mg/L) and sublethal concentration (2.8 mg/L) of lead nitrate on the activities of amino tripeptidase, glycylglycine, leucyl-1-glycine dipeptidases and lipase has been investigated. An inhibition in the activities of all the enzymes is noted after 96 hr, 15 and 30 days of treatment period. The inhibition in lipase activity is statistically insignificant in both the acute and chronic treatment cases. The experiments indicate that lead induced toxicity is more severe in chronic treatment as compared to acute treatment.     

Metabolism of selenite and selenomethionine in the rhesus monkey

Female rhesus monkeys were fed a commercial monkey diet and given selenium (Se) as either selenite or selenomethionine (SeMet) in the drinking water for 11 mo. Muscle and liver biopsies were taken initially and at the end of the experiment for determination of Se levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity. Blood was collected at monthly to bimonthly intervals, and the plasma and erythrocytes were subjected to gel filtration to determine the distribution of Se among proteins of various molecular weights. At the end of the experiment, there was significantly more Se in liver, muscle and hair from the monkeys given SeMet than in tissues from those given selenite, but there were no differences in liver or muscle GPX activity between the two treatment groups. The erythrocyte and plasma Se levels were significantly higher in the monkeys given SeMet than in those receiving selenite, but there were no differences in the GPX levels between these groups. About 68% of erythrocyte Se was associated with GPX in monkeys given selenite whereas only 34% was associated with GPX in those administered SeMet. The correlation coefficient for blood Se level and erythrocyte GPX activity was 0.92 in monkeys given selenite but only 0.37 in those given SeMet. Gel filtration of plasma revealed only one Se peak for plasma from the monkeys given selenite but at least two major Se peaks for plasma from monkeys receiving SeMet. The possible implications of these results for humans are discussed, including the reasons for poor correlations of GPX activity and blood Se levels.