Pokemon mRNA在乳腺癌组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨乳腺癌组织中Pokemon mRNA的表达及其意义。方法采用原位杂交法,检测45例乳腺癌、20例癌旁乳腺组织、20例正常乳腺组织中Pokemon mRNA的表达,并对其与乳腺癌临床病理特征的关系进行分析。结果 Pokemon mRNA主要表达于乳腺癌细胞质。乳腺癌组织中Pokemon mRNA表达率为71.11%（32/45）,显著高于癌旁乳腺组织30.00%（6/20）和正常乳腺组织20.00%（4/20）,P〈0.05。有腋窝淋巴结转移组Pokemon mRNA表达率（90.00%）显著高于无腋窝淋巴结转移组（56.00%）,P〈0.05。组织学分级Ⅲ级组织Pokemon mRNA表达率（100.00%）显著高于Ⅰ级组织（53.33%）,P〈0.05。结论 Pokemon mRNA过度表达可能在乳腺癌发生中起重要作用,且与腋窝淋巴结转移及其组织学分级相关。     

前列腺癌细胞和组织中Axl及其配体蛋白的表达与临床意义

目的: 探讨Ets1和VEGF在乳腺浸润性导管癌( invasive ductal carcinoma,IDC)组织中的表达规律,分析其与临床病理特征的关系。方法:　选择临床确诊的40例乳腺浸润性导管癌患者手术切除癌组织和癌旁组织标本,通过免疫组织化学和RTPCR方法检测Ets1和VEGF蛋白和mRNA的表达。结果:（1）Ets1和VEGF蛋白在乳腺IDC组织中高表达,明显高于癌旁乳腺组织（P＜0.01）;癌组织中Ets1蛋白表达高于VEGF,且两者呈正相关（r为0.8827,P＜005); Ets1和VEGF蛋白表达与年龄、肿瘤大小无关,与临床分期、淋巴结转移密切相关（P<0.05）。（2）Ets1 mRNA、VEGF mRNA在乳腺IDC组织的表达明显高于癌旁乳腺组织(P＜0.01);Ets1mRNA水平明显高于VEGF mRNA (P＜0.01),且两者正相关（r＝0.984,P＜001）; Ets1 mRNA、VEGF mRNA表达与年龄、肿瘤大小无关,与临床分期、淋巴结转移密切相关（P<0.05）。结论:乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Ets1和VEGF在mRNA和蛋白水平均高表达,两者表达间均呈正相关;两者表达均与肿瘤临床分期和淋巴结转移相关。     

Ki-67、p53蛋白在乳腺癌组织的表达及临床意义

目的探讨Ki-67、p53蛋白在乳腺癌及癌旁组织中的表达及两者之间的关系和临床意义。方法应用免疫组化S-P法检测80例乳腺癌组织及其癌旁的正常乳腺组织中Ki-67、p53蛋白的表达,分析其与临床病理因素的关系及两者的相关性。结果80例乳腺癌组织中Ki-67蛋白阳性表达率为63.8%,高于癌旁乳腺组织8.8%（P〈0.05）,其表达与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、ER、PR表达无关,与肿瘤的分期、腋窝淋巴结转移、C-erbB-2表达相关。乳腺癌组织p53蛋白阳性表达率为68.8%,高于癌旁乳腺组织11.3%（（P〈0.05）,其表达与年龄、肿瘤大小、分期、ER、PR表达无关,与腋窝淋巴结转移、C-erbB-2表达相关。Ki-67蛋白与p53蛋白表达之间无关。结论Ki-67、p53蛋白可通过抑制细胞凋亡,对乳腺癌发生和发展起重要作用,是判断乳腺癌生物学行为、预测转移趋势有价值的参考指标。     

ERα和ERβ在乳腺癌和癌旁组织内的表达

目的检测ERα和ERβ在乳腺癌及癌旁组织内的表达，探讨其与乳腺癌发生、发展的关系。方法选取原发性可手术乳腺癌97例和癌旁组织61例，采用免疫组化S-P法测定ERα、EERβ的表达。结果ERα、ERβ均在细胞核内表达。癌旁组织内ERβ阳性表达率高于ERα（分别为91．8％和42．6％，P〈0．01），两者差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。ERβ在癌旁组织、腋窝淋巴结阴性（阳性率为81．6％）和阳性（阳性率为50．8％），三组中表达差异具有显著性（P〈0．01），且ERβ在腋窝淋巴结阴性和阳性癌组织中表达的差异亦具有显著性（P〈0．01）。ERα在三组内表达的差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论ERβ，ERα均为细胞核受体。ERβ在癌旁和癌组织内广泛表达，且在癌旁组织内阳性表达率高于ERα，ERβ表达降低与乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移有因果关系；而ERα的表达与乳腺癌发生及腋窝淋巴结转移无关。     

p120ctn 和 Her －2在 ER、PR 阴性乳腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨连环蛋白 p120（p120ctn）和人表皮生长因子受体－2（Her －2）在 ER、PR 阴性乳腺癌组织中的表达情况及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法：用免疫组化方法检测87例雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）阴性乳腺癌组织及其中41例癌旁乳腺组织和33例乳腺纤维腺瘤组织中 Her －2及 p120ctn 的表达情况。结果：87例 ER、PR 阴性乳腺癌组织中 p120ctn 蛋白在细胞膜异常表达率为63．2％（55／87）,Her －2阳性表达为60．9％（53／87）。41例癌旁乳腺组织中 p120ctn 蛋白在细胞膜异常表达率为7．3％（3／41）,Her －2无阳性表达;33例乳腺纤维腺瘤组织中 p120ctn 异常表达率为9．1％（3／33）,Her －2亦无阳性表达。p120ctn 异常表达、Her －2阳性表达在 ER、PR 阴性乳腺癌组织与癌旁乳腺组织、乳腺纤维腺瘤组织中差异显著（P ＝0．000）。p120ctn 的异常表达和 Her －2的阳性表达与癌组织的组织学分级和淋巴结转移均显著相关（P＜0．05）,与患者的月经、年龄、肿瘤大小和临床分期无关（P ＞0．05）。p120ctn 的异常表达和 Her －2的阳性表达在 ER、PR 阴性乳腺癌组织中呈显著正相关关系（r ＝0．952,P ＝0．000）。结论：p120ctn 的异常表达和Her －2阳性表达在 ER、PR 阴性乳腺癌的发生、发展中可能起到协同作用。联合检测对评估预后以及为基因靶向治疗提供初步依据。     

ER、PR和EphA2在乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨乳腺癌组织中雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）和EphA2基因的表达及其与淋巴结转移、临床分期的关系及联合检测对乳腺癌术后治疗方案的制定和在预后中的意义。方法采用S-P免疫组化方法检测130例乳腺癌患者ER、PR和EphA2的表达,并结合临床病理因素进行分析。结果（1）乳腺癌组织中ER、PR和EphA2的阳性表达率分别为63.1%、58.4%和72.3%。（2）ER、PR的阳性表达与乳腺癌患者的年龄、病理组织学类型、肿瘤大小、腋窝淋巴结转移和临床分期无显著相关（P〉0.05）;（3）EphA2阳性表达与乳腺癌患者的年龄、肿瘤大小、病理组织学类型无显著相关（P〉0.05）;而与腋窝淋巴结转移、临床分期显著相关（P〈0.05）。（4）EphA2的阳性表达率在乳腺癌ER／PR阴性组明显高于乳腺癌ER／PR阳性组（P〈0.05）。结论ER、PR和EphA2与乳腺癌的发生、发展有关,联合检测ER、PR和EphA2有助于客观评估乳腺癌的生物学行为,有助于指导临床用药和预测预后。     

Hedgehog信号通路相关蛋白Gli1在乳腺癌中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨Hedgehog信号通路转录因子Gli1在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法 应用免疫组织化学染色检测Hedgehog信号通路相关蛋白Gli1在102例乳腺浸润性导管癌及30例癌旁正常组织中的表达,并分析其表达与临床病理特征的关系。结果 Gli1蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的阳性表达率为75.5％（77／102）,高于癌旁正常组织的26.7％（8／30）,两者差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Gli1蛋白的表达与腋窝淋巴结转移、雌激素受体（ER）表达有关（P＜0.05）,而与患者的年龄、绝经状况、肿瘤直径、病理分期、组织学分级、孕激素受体（PR）及人表皮生长因子受体-2（HER-2）表达状况均无关（P＞0.05）。结论 Hedgehog信号通路相关蛋白Gli1在乳腺癌组织中存在高表达,其一定程度上对ER表达起到负向调节作用。     

癌基因C—erbB—2在乳腺癌的表达及意义

本文应用免疫组化S—P法检测多克隆抗体C—erbB—2在73例乳腺癌及癌旁乳腺的表达。结果C—erbB—2定位于细胞膜上，癌旁正常乳腺无阳性表达，而有不典型增生及癌变导管内则可见明显明表达。73例乳腺癌中阳性37例（阳性率50．7％），其中浸润性导管癌22例阳性11例（阳性率50％），单纯癌47例阳性24例（阳性率52．1％）两者无明显差异；C—erbB—2的表达与乳腺癌的组织学分级，核分级及淋巴结转移情况有明显相关性（P＜0．05），而与肿瘤临床分期及ER、PR表达状况无明显相关性。提示C－erbB—2在乳腺癌的发生，发展及转移过程中起着重要作用，C－erbB—2的检则可以显示肿瘤的恶性程度及预后情况，对指导临床治疗具有一定价值。     

C—erbB2、PCNA、ER、PR在126例乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的：研究C—erbB2、PCNA、ER、PR在乳腺癌中的表达及其与乳腺癌临床、病理因素之间的关系。方法：采用免疫组化SP法检测126例乳腺癌组织CerbB2、PCNA、ER、PR蛋白的表达。结果：C—erbB2、pCNA、ER、PR在乳腺癌阳性表达率分别为：36．5％,95．2％,65．1％,54％。C—erbB2、pCNA、ER、PR蛋白阳性表达率和表达强度与乳腺癌患者的年龄、淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小、pTNM分期差异性无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。C—erbB2、PCNA与组织学分级差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。C—erbB2与ER、PR均呈负相关（r=-0．344,P=0．000;r=-0．226,P=0．011）。结论：C—erbB2,PCNA过表达者预后差,可以作为判断乳腺癌患者预后的有效指标。     

乳腺癌组织中PSA mRNA和VEGF mRNA的表达及其关系

目的探讨前列腺特异抗原(PSA)mRNA和血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)mRNA在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其关系。方法采用半定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测35例乳腺癌、12例癌旁乳腺组织和10例乳腺纤维腺瘤组织中的表达,免疫组化检测35例乳腺癌组织中ER、PR的表达,分析PSA mRNA和VEGFmRNA表达之间的关系。结果PSA mRNA在乳腺癌组织中的表达水平明显低于癌旁乳腺组织和乳腺纤维腺瘤组织,差异有显著性(P值均=0.00)。VEGF 121、165mRNA在乳腺癌中的表达水平明显高于癌旁乳腺组织和乳腺纤维腺瘤组织的表达(P值均=0.00)。ER、PR阳性表达的乳腺癌组织中PSA mRNA表达高于ER、PR阴性者,差异有显著性(P=0.001和0.004)。PSA mRNA表达阳性者VEGF 121、165mRNA表达水平明显低于PSA mRNA表达阴性者(P=0.034、0.026)。结论PSA mRNA在乳腺癌组织中的表达下调,但其表达受ER、PR的调控,而且其可能具有抑制乳腺肿瘤血管生成的作用。     

Knowledge about breast cancer risk factors and hereditary breast cancer among early-onset breast cancer survivors

Little is known about knowledge levels regarding hereditary breast cancer among breast cancer survivors. This study explored, among women with early-onset breast cancer (<50 years): 1) knowledge regarding breast cancer risk factors and hereditary breast cancer; and 2) differences in knowledge based on risk for hereditary disease. Participants recruited from 34 Virginia hospitals responded to two questionnaires. The Family History Questionnaire assessed risk for hereditary breast cancer. The Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs Questionnaire evaluated knowledge of general breast cancer risk factors and hereditary breast cancer. Of 314 respondents, 273 (87%) returned both questionnaires. A total of 137 (52%) participants met the study's criteria for hereditary breast cancer risk. Most participants knew common breast cancer-associated risk factors, including family history of breast cancer. Only 35% recognized family history of non-breast malignancies as a risk factor for breast cancer. Most participants recognized that prophylactic mastectomy does not eliminate breast cancer risk (63%), that not all women carrying a mutation develop disease (73%), and that men can develop breast cancer (96%). The majority selected 'I don't know' for knowledge of several characteristics of hereditary breast cancer, including: early-onset disease (54%); multifocal or bilateral disease (62%); risk transmission through fathers (58%); association with other cancer types (61%); and male breast cancer (70%). Knowledge regarding hereditary breast cancer did not vary between women with suspected hereditary disease and those with presumed sporadic disease. These data highlight the need for information regarding hereditary breast cancer for early-onset breast cancer survivors.     

Family history of breast cancer and breast cancer risk in Japan

We studied 132 families with a family history of breast cancer (familial aggregation cases, FA cases) to assess the breast cancer risk presented by such a family history. For comparison with these FA cases, we randomly selected 132 control families of sporadic cases (SP controls) by adjusting for the age of the proband at surgery. Information on family history was collected for all first-degree female relatives and maternal and paternal grandmothers. Japanese women with a first-degree relative affected by breast cancer were found to have an increased risk of the disease. The odds ratio (OR) for women with a family history of breast cancer was 1.99 (95% confidence interval [ CI ], 1.48-2.66). The OR for FA-case doughters of women with breast cancer was 1.54 (95% CI, 0.91-2.63). A higher risk was not observed if a woman's mother had breast cancer. If the proband had a sister with breast cancer, a slightly increased risk of other cancers of the proband was observed (OR, 1.85 [ 0.87-3.92]). These results suggest that a family history of breast cancer in Japanese women may affect their risk of developing cancer of the breast and other organs.     

隐匿性乳腺癌与非隐匿性乳腺癌临床特征比较

目的比较隐匿性乳腺癌与非隐匿性乳腺癌患者的临床特征。方法回顾性分析天津肿瘤医院1981年1月至2000年12月期间收治的96例隐匿性乳腺癌患者的临床病例资料，随机抽取同期入院的女性可手术非隐匿性乳腺癌病例并进行比较。结果隐匿性乳腺癌与非隐匿性乳腺癌患者的ER阳性率分别为42．1％和57．3％，PR阳性率为44．3％和55．9％。隐匿性乳腺癌和非隐匿性乳腺癌不同时期的复发和／或转移率分别为25．6％-66．7％和13．5％-28．2％。隐匿性乳腺癌患者5年、10年总生存率分别为55％和46％；0～Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期及Ⅲ期非隐匿性乳腺癌患者的5年总生存率分别为94％、86％、56％，10年总生存率分别为86％、78％、和47％。结论与非隐匿性乳腺癌相比较，隐匿性乳腺癌ER、PR阳性率低，复发和／或转移率高，5、10年总生存率与Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者相仿。     

EZH2与乳腺癌及三阴性乳腺癌相关性的研究

目的:分析EZH2表达与乳腺癌及三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)的相关性.方法:利用免疫组化法对82例乳腺癌和20例乳腺良性病变检测EZH2表达情况,收集82例乳腺癌的临床病理资料及TNBC表达情况,并与EZH2表达情况进行比较,Kaplan-Meier法分析乳腺癌的5年无瘤生存率.结果:乳腺良性病变中EZH2阳性表达率为20.0%,乳腺癌病例中EZH2阳性表达率为51.2%,两者比较差异有统计学意义,x2=6.329,P=0.012;82例乳腺癌患者中,EZH2阳性表达患者与阴性表达患者比较,在肿瘤直径、组织学分级、淋巴结转移方面差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在患者年龄、是否绝经、有无乳腺癌家族史方面差异无统计学意义,P>0.05.82例乳腺癌患者中,TNBC的EZH2阳性率为89.5%,非TNBC的EZH2阳性率为39.7%,两者差异有统计学意义,x2=14.484,P=0.000;82例乳腺癌患者中,5年无瘤生存率EZH2阳性组为64.3%,EZH2阴性组为85.0%,差异有统计学意义,Log-rank=3.995,P=0.046.结论:EZH2阳性表达在乳腺癌患者中要高于乳腺良性病变,其在乳腺癌患者中比阴性表达患者更易复发转移,且与TNBC的发生更为密切.     

前列腺癌和乳腺癌的对比性研究

人体一些肿瘤的生长对某些激素有一定的依赖关系,激素阻断可抑制其生长,被称为激素相关性肿瘤,如甲状腺癌、乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌及前列腺癌等.其中前列腺癌和乳腺癌为人群中发病率较高的两种恶性肿瘤,在很多方面均具有类似的特点.将二者在各方面进行对比性研究,有利于总结前列腺癌治疗方案,提高治疗效果.     

Triiodothyronine and breast cancer

The thyroid hormones (THs), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), are essential for survival; they are involved in the processes of development, growth, and metabolism. In addition to hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, THs are involved in other diseases. The role of THs in the development and differentiation of mammary epithelium is well established; however, their specific role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer (BC) is controversial. Steroid hormones affect many human cancers and the abnormal responsiveness of the mammary epithelial cells to estradiol (E2) in particular is known to be an important cause for the development and progression of BC. The proliferative effect of T3 has been demonstrated in various types of cancer. In BC cell lines, T3 may foster the conditions for tumor proliferation and increase the effect of cell proliferation by E2; thus, T3 may play a role in the development and progression of BC. Studies show that T3 has effects similar to E2 in BC cell lines. Despite controversy regarding the relationship between thyroid disturbances and the incidence of BC, studies show that thyroid status may influence the development of tumor, proliferation and metastasis.     

Endoglin与乳腺癌

Endoglin是内皮细胞表面与细胞增殖相关的膜抗原,也是转化生长因子β超家族受体复合物成分之一。其具有调节内皮细胞对TGF的反应、促内皮细胞增殖和促血管形成等功能,与肿瘤血管的发生密切相关。近年来,Endoglin在肿瘤诊断、判断预后和疗效及抗肿瘤血管靶向治疗等方面的作用得到重视。     

脂肪细胞因子与乳腺癌

肥胖与绝经后乳腺癌的发病、晚期病变和预后明显相关,绝经后肥胖女性雌激素水乎的升高被认为是其主要的机制之一。脂肪细胞因子是白色脂肪细胞分泌的多种激素和细胞因子,研究发现其与乳腺癌细胞的增殖、浸润、转移和血管生成有关,提示其可能是肥胖与乳腺癌关系的生物学基础。     

Adipocytokines and breast cancer

A substantial number of studies have revealed that a growing list of cancers might be influenced by obesity. In this regard, one of the most prominent and well-characterized cancers is breast cancer, the leading cause of cancer death among women. Obesity is associated with an increased risk for the occurrence and development of breast cancer particular in postmenopausal women. Moreover, the relationship between adiposity and breast cancer risk is complex, with associations that differ depending on when body size is assessed (eg, premenopausal vs postmenopausal obesity) and when breast cancer is diagnosed (ie, premenopausal vs postmenopausal disease). Obesity is mainly due to excessive fat accumulation in the regional tissue. Adipocytes in obese individuals produce endocrine, inflammatory, and angiogenic factors to affect adjacent breast cancer cells. Adipocytokines, are biologically active polypeptides that are produced either exclusively or substantially by adipocytes, play a critical and complex role, and act by endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine pathways in the malignant progression of breast cancer. Furthermore, the increased levels of leptin, resistin, and decreased adiponectin secretion are directly associated with breast cancer development. And there are also many studies indicating that adipocytokines could mediate the survival, growth, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer cells by different cellular and molecular mechanisms to reduce the survival time and prompt the malignancy. In present review, we discuss the correlations between several adipocytokines and breast cancer cells in obesity as well as the underlying signaling pathways to provide the novel ideas for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.     

脂肪细胞因子与乳腺癌

肥胖与绝经后乳腺癌的发病、晚期病变和预后明显相关,绝经后肥胖女性雌激素水乎的升高被认为是其主要的机制之一。脂肪细胞因子是白色脂肪细胞分泌的多种激素和细胞因子,研究发现其与乳腺癌细胞的增殖、浸润、转移和血管生成有关,提示其可能是肥胖与乳腺癌关系的生物学基础。