hBDNF基因原核表达重组质粒的构建及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

我们按照hBDNF基因全长编码序列设计合成引物,从人基因组DNA中扩增出760bp的片段,反向插入到pGEM-3Zf( )载体上,获得pGEMBF18克隆,限制性酶分析和DNA序列测定均证实该克隆插入片段为hBDNF基因全长编码序列。从pGEMBF18克隆中获取hBDNF全长编码片段,与原核表达载体pGEX-5T连接,构建了p5TBF34原核表达重组质粒。重组质粒转化大肠杆菌JM109,经IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE特异区带分子量为43kDa,此重组蛋白占菌体可溶性蛋白总量的7.53%,Western杂交证实该特异区带具hBDNF抗原活性。     

白纹伊蚊(广州株)唾液Aalb_56 ku基因克隆表达与免疫原性分析

探讨Aalb_56 ku基因在白纹伊蚊(广州株)不同组织中的表达差异;对唾液腺中Aalb_56 ku基因进行克隆表达并探索其免疫原性。采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR法对雌蚊中肠、脂肪体、唾液腺不同组织中Aalb_56 ku基因的表达差异进行分析。针对Aalb_56 ku基因序列设计特异性引物,以唾液腺RNA为模板获得56 ku全长基因序列,构建重组质粒并测序,将测序序列进行生物信息学和抗原表位预测分析。IPTG诱导表达,亲和层析法纯化重组蛋白;制备小鼠特异性抗Aalb_56 ku蛋白抗血清。结果显示,Aalb_56 ku在白纹伊蚊(广州株)唾液腺(SG)中高表达。克隆所获唾液腺56 ku基因全长1 593 bp,可编码530个氨基酸,信息学分析提示该基因含有信号肽序列,等电点为8.40,抗原表位预测提示含有23个表位。p ET30a(+)-56 ku重组质粒可表达约56 k Da大小的融合蛋白,且呈包涵体形式表达,Western blotting鉴定具有His标签。纯化蛋白免疫Balb/c小鼠后可获得1∶100效价的特异性抗血清,提示该重组蛋白具有一定的免疫原性。     

弓形虫ROP2基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的 :构建弓形虫棒状体蛋白 (ROP2 )基因重组质粒并在大肠杆菌中表达 ,用于筛选弓形虫新的诊断抗原和疫苗分子。方法 :根据ROP2基因已知序列 ,设计合成一对引物 ,用PCR方法从弓形虫RH株基因组DNA中扩增出ROP2基因片段 ,再克隆到pGEX 4T 1质粒 ,重组质粒经酶切及PCR鉴定 ,而后进行测序 ;重组质粒在大肠杆菌BL2 1 (DE3)中进行ITPG诱导表达 ,表达产物经SDS PAGE及WesternBlot分析。结果 :ROP2基因PCR产物大小与预期相符 ,约 1 0 4 3bp ,重组质粒经酶切及PCR鉴定表明获得正确重组子 ,测序结果与已知序列基本吻合 ;SDS PAGE及免疫印迹显示ROP2融合蛋白表观分子量约为 5 5kDa ,表达产物约占菌体总蛋白1 7% ,具有一定的免疫反应性。结论 :克隆并表达了弓形虫ROP2基因 ,为下一步弓形虫诊断及疫苗研究奠定了基础     

HBV重组抗原表位抗原性的研究

目的 在外源抗原表位表达载体系统中构建并表达HBV抗原表位,并对其抗原性进行研究.方法 人工合成编码HBV "a"抗原决定簇表位中24个氨基酸(S124-147)的寡核苷酸序列,克隆入外源抗原表位表达载体系统FHV-RNA2-I3位点,构建重组质粒,在原核pET系统(BL21细胞)中表达.以表达产物为包被抗原对其抗原性进行研究.结果 嵌和蛋白与抗-HBs血清可发生特异性结合反应.结论 在外源抗原表位表达系统中表达的HBV抗原表位具有良好的抗原性.     

弓形虫虎源分离株ROP10基因的克隆、序列分析及其表达研究

采用RT-PCR技术从弓形虫虎源分离株中扩增出ROP10基因,将其克隆入pMD18-T载体中进行测序和生物信息学分析,并将目的基因亚克隆到大肠杆菌表达载体pET28a中进行诱导表达。该基因全长1761bp,编码586个氨基酸,其中前28个氨基酸残基构成信号肽序列。与GenBank中报道的RH株相比,16个核苷酸存在变异,导致7个氨基酸发生改变,但两者N-联糖基化位点的数量和位置没有差异,两虫株核苷酸和推导氨基酸序列的同源性分别为99.2%和98.8%。转化重组质粒pETROP10的大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)在IPTG的诱导下,可表达出分子量为67.6 kDa的重组蛋白,表达量占菌体蛋白的13.8%。     

A组链球菌M蛋白重组多肽原核表达载体构建及融合蛋白的表达

目的:设计针对A组β溶血性链球菌M1和M12蛋白的复合多肽;构建含M蛋白基因(emm基因)1型和12型特异性抗原决定簇基因及其保守区J14肽基因的GST标签的重组表达载体;并诱导和优化GST融合蛋白的表达.方法:在NCBI Genebank和Olig0 6引物设计软件中选择分别编码M蛋白emm基因1型和12型信号肽后35个氨基酸及其相同的保守区14肽基因序列(全长270 bp),通过重叠PCR(Overlap PCR)合成所需的核苷酸序列,经测序确定序列完全和设计的相匹配后,将该重组片段克隆到pGEX-4T-1表达载体中,阳性克隆经双酶切和测序鉴定正确后建立稳定表达该重组质粒的大肠杆菌BL21株系(pE/B);通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的考马斯亮蓝染色和Western blot来检测在不同时间(O、2、6、8、18和24小时)和温度(25℃、30℃和37℃)以及不同浓度(0.01、0.1、1 mmol/L)异丙基-β-D-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导GST融合蛋白(GST/emm)表达情况,并对诱导表达的GST/emm切胶进行质谱分析鉴定.结果:成功构建含有emml和emm12抗原决定簇及M蛋白保守区J14肽基因的原核表达载体;并诱导其稳定表达,在1 mol/L IPTG诱导6～8小时达高峰,不同温度下均有过量表达;质谱检测诱导蛋白GST/emm条带结果正确.结论:成功构建A组p溶血性链球菌的emm1型和emm12型原核表达载体,并稳定诱导GST/emm表达,为下一步研究GST/emm的纯化、酶切以及免疫原性的鉴定和疫苗研制打下夯实的基础.     

基因重组人巨细胞病毒PPUL32蛋白在诊断中的应用

为组建可在诊断中应用的高纯度、高效价基因工程抗原,我们在同一克隆中同时表达了人巨细胞病毒(Human cytomegalovirus HCMV)PPUL32蛋白的两个抗原决定簇基因,在诊断中取得满意的结果。 材料和方法 1.克隆 A:表达HCMV PPUL32蛋白位于UL32区第1783～1842核苷酸的抗原决定簇基因。 2.克隆 B:表达HCMV PPUL32蛋白位于UL32区第3070～3144核苷酸的抗原决定族基因;克隆C和D分别表达此基因的二个和三个拷贝。     

家蚕蚕蛹过敏原表皮蛋白RR-2基序63前体(CPR63)的克隆表达、纯化鉴定及生物信息学分析

目的克隆表达家蚕蚕蛹表皮蛋白RR-2基序63前体(CPR63)基因,纯化鉴定蛋白的过敏原性,并进行生物信息学分析。方法合成家蚕蚕蛹CPR63蛋白的基因(ref|NM_001173223.1|),将其连接至克隆载体p MD18-T,p MD18-T-CPR63阳性质粒与原核表达载体p ET-44a分别用限制性内切酶酶切,构建出重组表达质粒p ET-44a-CPR63,转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中经IPTG诱导表达;Western blot检测重组CPR63蛋白特异性过敏原性;用clustalw2和MEGA5工具包进行同源性分析;用Prot Param Tools预测其理化性质;用PSIPRED和SWISS-MODEL预测其蛋白质结构。利用网络服务器IEDB、Preprod和DNAStar,对CPR63蛋白T、B细胞抗原表位进行预测。结果经测序鉴定,本研究成功克隆出了家蚕蚕蛹CPR63基因,其开放阅读框549 bp,编码182组氨基酸。通过大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)表达CPR63重组蛋白主要以可溶性形式存在,相对分子质量约20 000。Western blot显示重组CPR63能够与家蚕蚕蛹过敏患者血清Ig E结合。家蚕蚕蛹CPR63蛋白与黑脉金斑蝶表皮蛋白RR-2基序63(gb|EHJ69818.1|)同源性为85%。系统进化树结果显示家蚕蚕蛹与小菜蛾亲缘关系比较近。理化性质预测显示CPR63蛋白质较稳定。二级结构及三级结构预测结果显示CPR63的结构主要以无规则卷曲组成。T细胞抗原表位预测得到4个肽序列(5~13、20~28、51~59和87~95)。B细胞抗原表位预测得到4个肽序列(21~40、37~56、47~66和64~83)。结论成功克隆并表达了家蚕蚕蛹CPR63,并证实重组CPR63蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,为进一步研究家蚕蚕蛹过敏原的结构成分及其理化性质奠定理论基础。     

日本血吸虫毛蚴相关蛋白基因SjMP13的克隆表达及免疫学鉴定

利用日本血吸虫感染者唾液免疫筛选日本血吸虫虫卵cDNA文库,对获得的阳性克隆进行序列分析,其中一阳性克隆插入片段包含一个351 bp的开放读码框,其编码116个氨基酸,预测分子量为12.9 kDa,将其命名为SjMP13,该蛋白与血吸虫尾蚴相关蛋白(GenBank序列号:AF448823.1)同源性高达96%.将该序列克隆入原核表达质粒pET32a(+)并转化宿主菌B121/DE3,经IPTG诱导表达后,其重组表达产物经亲和层析纯化,再用Western-blot进行免疫学分析,该序列的原核表达产物能被日本血吸虫感染者唾液以及血清识别,提示该分子具有诊断抗原的开发价值.     

埃及伊蚊丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂23的基因克隆表达与多克隆抗体制备

埃及伊蚊serpin23(丝氨酸蛋白抑制剂23)在雌蚊唾液腺特异高表达,是蚊虫唾液组分的主要蛋白之一。本文设计特异性引物序列,采用RT-PCR技术扩增获得埃及伊蚊广东电白株serpin23成熟肽序列,构建重组表达质粒pET-28a(+)-serpin23并测序验证。经IPTG诱导表达、KCl染色、切胶纯化获取了目的蛋白;制备了小鼠特异性抗serpin23蛋白多克隆抗体。结果显示:获得serpin23成熟肽序列,全长1 197bp,编码399个氨基酸。等电点pI为6.13,具有serpin结构域和一个功能未知的FAINT结构域。pET-28a(+)-serpin23重组质粒可表达了大小约为47 kDa、以包涵体表达为主的融合蛋白。Western Blot结果证明serpin23重组蛋白可以与抗-His标签和抗-serpin23抗体发生免疫反应,约47 kDa处产生特异性条带。本研究成功获得了埃及伊蚊广东电白株serpin23重组表达蛋白和抗serpin23多克隆抗体,为后续功能研究奠定基础。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.