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1.
Monika Maria Biernat Jolanta Rusiecka-Ziółkowska Elżbieta Piątkowska Iwona Helemejko Paweł Biernat Grażyna Gościniak 《Japanese journal of ophthalmology》2018,62(6):628-633
Purpose
Two Demodex species (eyelash mites)—D. folliculorum and D brevis—are believed to be associated with human skin and eye diseases. However, the clinical significance of infection with Demodex species remains controversial.Study design
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of ocular demodicosis in patients with blepharitis as compared with the prevalence in the healthy population in Poland.Methods
This case-control prospective study was carried out from 2007 to 2016. The enrolled patients (668) were divided into 2 groups: the study group, comprising 553 patients with blepharitis (349 women and 204 men, aged 17–88 years), and the control group, comprising 115 healthy volunteers without a history of ocular pathologies (78 women and 37 men, aged 17–88 years). A sample of 10 eyelashes was taken aseptically from each eye of the examined person and later studied under a light microscope.Results
Demodex species were found in 62.4% (345/544) of the patients in the study group and in 24.3% (28/100) of the controls (P = .001, OR = 0.006). The overall prevalence was 55.8% (373/668) in all the examined participants. The presence of Demodex infection increased with age in both groups. No association of Demodex infection with gender was found (119/204 vs 226/349; P > .05, OR 1.086). A high mean number of mites was present more frequently in patients aged older than 50 years and in those who complained especially about itching (P < .05).Conclusion
The prevalence of ocular demodicosis is significantly correlated with blepharitis and increases with age.2.
Prakadeeswari Gopalakrishnan Aravind Haripriya Periasamy Sundaresan 《International ophthalmology》2018,38(2):599-606
Purpose
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is a late onset disorder of extracellular matrix turnover, associated systemically with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. To evaluate the suggested association of polymorphisms of homocysteine metabolism genes MTHFR (rs1801131, rs1801133) and MTHFD1 (rs8006686) with PEX.Methods
A case–control association study was undertaken, comprising a total of 1472 individuals including 860 unrelated PEX cases and 612 ethnic-matched cataract controls (CC). All the study subjects were genotyped for three SNPs using the TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Association and statistical analysis were performed with PLINK 1.07 and STATA 11.1.Results
Among the three SNPs genotyped, MTHFR polymorphisms did not exhibit significant association with PEX (rs1801131; p = 0.549, rs1801133; p = 0.408). The intronic SNP rs8006686 showed nearly significant association (p = 0.069), and however did not remain significant after Bonferroni correction.Conclusion
Our study suggests no significant genetic association of MTHFR (rs1801131, rs1801133) and MTHFD1 (rs8006686) polymorphisms in South Indian PEX patients.3.
Louise Basmaciyan Pierre-Henry Gabrielle Stéphane Valot Marc Sautour Jean-Christophe Buisson Catherine Creuzot-Garcher Frédéric Dalle 《BMC ophthalmology》2018,18(1):335
Background
External ophtalmomyiasis (EOM) is a zoonosis related to the presence of Oestrus ovis larvae at the ocular level in small ruminants (i.e. ovine, caprine). In humans, EOM is a rare cosmopolitan disorder, mostly described in warm and dry rural areas in patients living close to livestock areas. In metropolitan France (excluding Corsica), EOM is an exceptional disease with less than 25 cases recorded since 1917.Case presentation
We report a case of EOM in a 19-years old man in the last week of September 2016 in Burgundy.Conclusion
The diagnosis of an EOM in Burgundy, a French region described as cold and humid, is surprising and could be due to a more marked climatic warming during the vegetative season in Burgundy resulting in the implantation of Diptera of the genus Oestrus sp. in this region.4.
Ali Bulent Cankaya Kemal Tekin Hasan Kiziltoprak Sevilay Karahan Pelin Yilmazbas 《Japanese journal of ophthalmology》2018,62(3):335-341
Purpose
To quantify normative corneal optical density (COD) values of healthy individuals and to investigate alterations in the COD in relation to their ocular and demographic characteristics.Study design
Prospective, cross-sectional, and observational.Methods
In total, 588 eyes from 588 healthy participants with clear corneas were consecutively enrolled. Corneal densitometry values expressed in standardized grayscale units (GSU) from different corneal layers and zones obtained using the rotating Pentacam Scheimpflug system were analyzed.Results
The mean (SD) COD over the 12-mm diameter area was 14.4?±?2.74 GSU. A significant positive correlation was found between the participants’ age and the total COD (r?=?0.756, P?<?.001). No significant differences were found between males and females with respect to COD (P?=?.51). No significant correlation was found between the COD measurements and refractive error, pachymetry, and keratometry (P?>?.05 for all comparisons). On the other hand, COD was negatively correlated with white-to-white (WTW) corneal diameter (r?=???0.415, P?<?.001). Moreover, the WTW corneal diameter was correlated with the COD in any zone and layer of the cornea (P?<?.05 for all comparisons).Conclusions
Wide variations in COD can be detected even in corneas deemed clinically clear. Age and corneal diameter that seem to influence corneal transparency should be taken into account when evaluating corneal backscatter.5.
6.
Norma Fariña Margarita Samudio Letizia Carpinelli Martin M. Nentwich Herminia Mino de Kaspar 《International ophthalmology》2017,37(4):819-825
Purpose
Coagulase-negative staphylococci have been reported to be the most frequent cause of bacterial postoperative endophthalmitis. Biofilm formation is the major virulence factor of Staphylococcus epidermidis and is often associated with methicillin resistance. This study aims at evaluating the presence of biofilm-producing and methicillin resistance genes (mecA) in S. epidermidis.Methods
S. epidermidis isolated from clinically infected sites (group 1) and from normal human conjunctiva (group 2) were studied. All the isolates were tested for their ability to produce biofilm by the conventional Christensen´s method and the presence of mecA by PCR using the 22-mer oligonucleotides as primers.Results
In total 20 isolates from group 1 and 22 from group 2 were studied. Biofilm and mecA were detected in 15 (75 %) and in 14 (70 %) in group 1 as compared to 8 (36.3 %) and 4 (18.2 %) in group 2 (p = 0.016). Simultaneously, biofilm production and presence of mecA genes were observed in 13/20 (65.0 %) in group 1, and 4/22 (18.2 %) in group 2 (p = 0.002). Multi-resistance was observed in 55 % in group 1 and 9 % in group 2 (p = 0.002); 57 % of the biofilm-producing strains was multi-resistant in contrast to none of the non-producing strains. In all multi-resistant strains, biofilm production was seen.Conclusions
Biofilm formation capacity was widely distributed, particularly among mecA (+) S. epidermidis strains, which also displayed a high diversity of antibiotic resistance profiles.7.
Hasan Basri Arifoglu Bekir Kucuk Necati Duru Orhan Altunel Ahmet Gulhan Mustafa Ozen Bilal Aygun Mustafa Atas 《International ophthalmology》2018,38(1):119-125
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of β-thalassemia minor on choroidal, macular, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.Methods
To form the sample, we recruited 40 patients with β-thalassemia minor and 44 healthy participants. We used spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to take all measurements of ocular thickness, as well as measured intraocular pressure, axial length, and central corneal thickness. We later analyzed correlations of hemoglobin levels with ocular parameters.Results
A statistically significant difference emerged between patients with β-thalassemia minor and the healthy controls in terms of mean values of subfoveal, nasal, and temporal choroidal thickness (p = 0.001, p = 0.016, and p = 0.010, respectively). Except for central macular thickness, differences in paracentral macular thicknesses between the groups were also significant (superior: p < 0.001, inferior: p = 0.007, temporal: p = 0.001, and nasal: p = 0.005). Also, no statistically significant differences were noted for retinal nerve fiber layer thickness between two groups.Conclusion
Mean values of subfoveal, nasal, temporal choroidal, and macular thickness for the four quadrants were significantly lower in patients with β-thalassemia minor than in healthy controls.8.
Background
Fluorescein (FA) and indocyanine-green angiography (ICGA) may offer valuable information concerning disease severity and prognosis in ocular syphilis. The aim of the present study is to describe angiographic patterns encountered in the context of ocular syphilis, and to explore the associations between specific angiographic manifestations and severity of disease presentation, as well as disease evolution after treatment.Methods
We performed a retrospective institutional study with the inclusion of 23 patients with ocular syphilis presenting to the uveitis clinic of the Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital in a 10-year period. FA and ICGA were performed following a standard protocol for posterior uveitis. Patterns of fluorescence were noted, and statistical associations between each angiographic pattern and any demographic, clinical, or laboratory parameter at baseline and after treatment were sought.Results
The presence of any dark dots in ICGA was significantly associated with anterior uveitis (p?=?0.031). The presence of hot spots in ICGA was significantly associated with longer duration of symptoms prior to initial visit (p?=?0.032) and with male gender (p?=?0.012). Weak non-significant trends were found associating vascular staining in FA with anterior uveitis (p?=?0.066), vitritis (p?=?0.069), and younger age (p?=?0.061), as well as disc hyperfluorescence in FA with seropositivity for HIV (p?=?0.089) and macular edema in FA with longer disease duration (p?=?0.061). The presence of any dark dots in ICGA exhibited a weak trend of association with anterior uveitis and/or vitritis (p?=?0.079).Conclusions
Out of the several associations identified implicating specific angiographic features, we underline the possible role of the presence of dark dots in ICGA for identifying active inflammation, and the role of hot spots in ICGA as markers of long-standing disease. Vascular staining in FA appears to be more common in patients with severe ocular inflammation with presence of anterior uveitis and/or vitritis.9.
Background
To compare clinical characteristics according to the laterality of objective ocular torsion in patients with unilateral superior oblique palsy (SOP).Methods
This retrospective study included all patients with a diagnosis of unilateral SOP. They were classified into subgroups according to correspondence between the paretic eye and the extorted eye using fundus photography. Ocular alignment and muscle action were tested by the prism and alternate cover tests and 4-scale movement measure. Various clinical factors, including the amount of preoperative ocular torsion and change in ocular torsion postoperative, were compared between the accordance and disaccordance groups.Results
A total of 70 Asian patients (140 eyes) were included and underwent fundus photography preoperatively. Excyclotorsion in the paretic eye was defined as accordance (45 patients), excyclotorsion in the nonparetic eye was defined as disaccordance (25 patients). The presence of horizontal strabismus was detected in 28 (62%) patients in the accordance group and only 8 (32%) patients in the disaccordance group (p?=?0.024). All horizontal strabismus observed in the accordance group involved exodeviation. The proportion of horizontal strabismus surgery was also significantly larger in the accordance group than the disaccordance group (p?=?0.039). Among those patients, there were 26 who underwent fundus photography postoperatively. There was significant reduction in ocular excyclotorsion postoperatively in the accordance group (p?=?0.001), but no significant reduction postoperatively in the disaccordance group (p?=?0.270). There was no significant correlation between the amount of torsional reduction and the amount of vertical deviation reduction (p?=?0.979).Conclusions
In cases of preoperative excyclotorsion in paretic eyes, careful consideration of combined horizontal misalignment which may require surgical correction is helpful to manage unilateral SOP.10.
Yoshiyuki Kita Makoto Inoue Ritsuko Kita Masahiko Sano Tadashi Orihara Yuji Itoh Kazunari Hirota Takashi Koto Akito Hirakata 《Japanese journal of ophthalmology》2017,61(6):465-471
Purpose
To determine the size of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) before and after vitrectomy for a macular hole (MH).Study Design
Retrospective case series study.Methods
Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients with a unilateral MH that had undergone vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling were studied. The unaffected 17 fellow eyes were studied in the same way. En face images of the parafoveal region were obtained by optical coherence tomography angiography, and the images were used to measure the FAZ before and 1 month after the vitrectomy. The relationships between the different FAZ sizes and the ocular parameters were determined by Pearson product moment correlation analysis.Results
Compared with the preoperative superficial FAZ (sFAZ), the postoperative sFAZ was significantly reduced (P < 0.001). The postoperative sFAZ was significantly smaller than that of the fellow eye (P < 0.001). The size of the postoperative sFAZ was significantly correlated with that of the preoperative sFAZ, the postoperative foveal thickness (FT), and the sFAZ of the fellow eyes (r = 0.520, P = 0.008; r = ?0.515, P = 0.012; and r = 0.702, P = 0.002, respectively). The size of the postoperative deep FAZ (dFAZ) was significantly correlated with the postoperative FT and the dFAZ of the fellow eyes (r = ?0.441, P = 0.035; and r = 0.499, P = 0.049, respectively). However, no significant correlation was found between the size of the postoperative FAZ and the size of the preoperative MH.Conclusions
MH closure leads to a significant decrease in the size of the FAZ symmetrical to the size of the fellow eye. The size of the postoperative FAZ is influenced by the postoperative FT independently of the size of the MH.11.
Viviane?Peracini?Sant’ana Linda?Christian?Carrijo-Carvalho Annette?Silva?Foronda Ana?Marisa?Chudzinski-Tavassi Denise?de?Freitas Fábio?Ramos?Souza?de?Carvalho
Background
Proteolytic enzymes secreted by trophozoites (amoebic secretome) are suggested as the main virulence factor involved in the severity of Acanthamoeba keratitis. The degradation profile of the main glycoprotein components of anterior and posterior portions of the cornea and the cytopathic effect of secretomes on endothelial cells by contact-independent mechanism were evaluated.Methods
Trophozoites were isolated primarily from corneal tissue samples (n?=?11) and extracellular proteins were collected from axenic cell culture supernatants. The molecular weights of proteolytic enzymes were estimated by zymography. Enzymatic cleavage of laminin and fibronectin substrates by amoebic secretome was investigated and cluster analysis was applied to the proteolysis profiles. Primary cultures of endothelial cells were used in both qualitative and quantitative assays of cytophatogenicity.Results
Differential patterns of proteolysis were observed among the Acanthamoeba secretomes that were analysed. The uniformity of laminin degradation contrasted with the diversity of the proteolysis profiles observed in the fibronectin substrate. Acanthamoeba secretome extracted from four clinical isolates was shown to be toxic when in contact with the endothelial cell monolayer (p?<?0.01). Induction of apoptosis and membrane permeability, at different percentual values, were suggested as the main mechanisms that could induce endothelial cell death when in contact with amoebic secretome.Conclusions
Our results provide evidence that virulence factors secreted by Acanthamoeba trophozoites can be related to an increased pathogenicity pattern by an independent contact-trophozoite mechanism, through induction of endothelial cell death by apoptosis at a higher percentage than providing the lack of cell viability by the membrane-associated pore-forming toxin activity.12.
13.
Marlon M. Maducdoc Asghar Haider Angèle Nalbandian Julie H. Youm Payam V. Morgan Robert W. Crow 《International ophthalmology》2017,37(2):433-439
Background
With the increasing prevalence of electronic readers (e-readers) for vocational and professional uses, it is important to discover if there are visual consequences in the use of these products. There are no studies in the literature quantifying the incidence or severity of eyestrain, nor are there clinical characteristics that may predispose to these symptoms with e-reader use.Purpose
The primary objective of this pilot study was to assess the degree of eyestrain associated with e-reader use compared to traditional paper format. The secondary outcomes of this study were to assess the rate of eyestrain associated with e-reader use and identify any clinical characteristics that may be associated with the development of eyestrain.Methods
Forty-four students were randomly assigned to study (e-reader iPAD) and control (print) groups. Participant posture, luminosity of the room, and reading distance from reading device were measured during a 1-h session for both groups. At the end of the session, questionnaires were administered to determine symptoms.Results
Significantly higher rates of eyestrain (p = 0.008) and irritation (p = 0.011) were found among the iPAD study group as compared to the print ‘control’ group. The study group was also 4.9 times more likely to report severe eyestrain (95 % CI [1.4, 16.9]). No clinical characteristics predisposing to eyestrain could be identified.Conclusions
These findings conclude that reading on e-readers may induce increased levels of irritation and eyestrain. Predisposing factors, etiology, and potential remedial interventions remain to be determined.14.
Mehmet Erol Can Fatma Efe Kaplan Mehmet Murat Uzel Hasan Kiziltoprak Mustafa Cagri Ergun Mustafa Koc Gülcin Simsek 《International ophthalmology》2018,38(5):1915-1922
Purpose
To investigate the effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection on choroidal thickness (CT) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT).Methods
The study included 25 patients with H. pylori infection and 25 healthy individuals as the control group. Helicobacter pylori patients were classified as the pre-treatment (Group 1; n: 25) and the post-treatment (Group 2; n: 25). RNFLT and CT were measured before and after treatment of H. pylori infection, using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). The axial length and intraocular pressure were also measured.Results
The mean subfoveal CT was 320.96 ± 29.15 μm in Group 1 and 287.48 ± 49.17 in the control group (p = 0.007), while the mean subfoveal CT did not show any difference between Group 2 and the control group (p > 0.05). No statistically significant difference was determined between the H. pylori patients and the control group in respect of RNFLT values (p > 0.05).Conclusions
CT increases during H. pylori infection and returns to the normal range within 6 weeks of treatment. RNFLT does not show any change during H. pylori infection. The data related to the subfoveal CT may be useful in understanding the pathogenesis of central serous chorioretinopathy developing in H. pylori patients.15.
Xiao-Cui Liu Xiao-Hui Guo Bing Chen Zhao-Hui Li Xiao-Fei Liu 《International ophthalmology》2018,38(4):1451-1457
Purpose
To investigate the association between the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) gene Ser326Cys (rs1052133) polymorphism and age-related cataract (ARC).Methods
MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched to identify potential studies published before May 19, 2017, investigating the association between the OGG1 gene Ser326Cys polymorphism and ARC risk. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale tool. The association between the OGG1 gene Ser326Cys polymorphism and ARC was analyzed using meta-analysis. Publication bias and sensitivity analyses were also performed.Results
Six studies were included in this systematic review, and five of these studies with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were included in a meta-analysis. The sample size of the meta-analysis was 3716, including 1831 patients with cataract and 1885 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) were 0.67 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.52–0.85), 0.90 (95% CI 0.54–1.51), 0.52 (95% CI 0.32–0.85) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.56–0.92) for recessive, dominant, additive and allele contrast models, respectively. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the results of the meta-analysis were robust. No publication bias was observed.Conclusions
The OGG1 gene Ser326Cys polymorphism was associated with ARC risk.16.
Background
Triple-A syndrome (Allgrove syndrome) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by adrenal insufficiency, alacrima, achalasia, and – occasionally – autonomic instability. Mutations have been found in the AAAS gene on 12q13.Case presentation
We present the case of a 12 year-old boy with classic systemic features of triple-A syndrome and several prominent ophthalmic features, including: accommodative spasm, dry eye, superficial punctate keratopathy, and pupillary hypersensitivity to dilute pilocarpine. MRI showed small lacrimal glands bilaterally. DNA sequencing of PCR-amplified fragments from the 16 exons of the AAAS gene revealed compound heterozygosity for a new, out-of-frame 5-bp deletion in exon 15, c1368-1372delGCTCA, and a previously-described nonsense mutation in exon 9, c938C>T, R286X.Conclusions
In addition to known ophthalmic manifestations, triple-A syndrome can present with accommodative dysregulation and ocular signs of autonomic dysfunction.17.
Fangkun Zhao Ling Li Wenkai Zhou Dong Shi Yu Fan Liwei Ma 《Japanese journal of ophthalmology》2018,62(2):237-242
Purpose
To explore the correlation between ocular cyclotorsion induced by sitting and supine positions as well as other selected factors, validated by an image-guided system.Study design
A cross-sectional study conducted in 73 inpatients (85 eyes) who received intraocular operations in China Medical University.Methods
The ocular cyclotorsion degree was recorded using an image-guided system (Verion Reference Unit, Alcon) by comparing images captured in sitting position, as well as pre- and post-different anesthesia methods in the supine position. Possible correlative factors including age, gender, eye axial length, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), astigmatism degree, astigmatism axis, anesthesia, and comparison in laterality of eyes on ocular cyclotorsion were analyzed.Results
The total cyclotorsion rate was 88.24% and the cyclotorsion degree ranged from ? 14.0° to + 12.0° with an average of 4.6° ± 3.4°. Excyclotorsion was predominant OD whereas incyclotorsion was predominant OS (p < 0.05). The effect of eye axial length, BCVA, astigmatism degree, astigmatism axis, anesthesia method, age and gender on cyclotorsion orientation was not statistically significant, neither did these factors show any significant differences in the ocular cyclotorsion degree (p > 0.05). Pre- and post-anesthesia, and different anesthetic methods, did not show any significant influence on the ocular cyclotorsion degree (p > 0.05).Conclusions
Cyclotorsion orientation seems to be correlated only with eye laterality. None of the other investigated factors, including age, gender, eye axial length, BCVA, astigmatism degree, astigmatism axis and anesthesia seems to affect cyclotorsion orientation or degree.18.
Purpose
To compare the visual acuity outcomes, contrast sensitivity function (CS) and reading ability in patients with bilateral multifocal intraocular lenses and patients with bilateral monofocal lenses.Setting
Vizyon Eye Center, Denizli, Turkey.Design
Comparative case series.Methods
Consecutive bilateral cataract patients having implantation of Acriva Reviol MFM 611 multifocal IOLs (Group A) or Acriva BB UD 613 monofocal IOLs (Group B) were included. Parameters analyzed 6 months postoperatively included monocular uncorrected distance (UDVA), binocular uncorrected intermediate (UIVA), binocular uncorrected near (UNVA), CS and bilateral reading performance using MN Read.Results
The study evaluated 42 eyes in Group A and 40 eyes in Group B. There were no statistically significant differences in UDVA between two groups postoperatively (p = .39). Binocular UIVA and binocular UNVA are better in Group A (p = .00, p = .00). Under photopic and scotopic conditions, contrast sensitivity results were decreased in Group A, especially at high spatial frequencies. No statistically difference were found in reading acuity, critical print size and maximum reading speed between two groups (p = .57, p = .62, p = .22).Conclusions
This study concludes that multifocal lenses are reliable and efficient replacements for reading glasses since they significantly improve the vision for near or intermediate distance activities.19.
Chong Chen Qiao Sun Mingmin Gu Kun Liu Yong Sun Xun Xu 《Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie》2015,253(6):915-924