成人牙周炎患者治疗前后龈沟液中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平的变化

目的：了解谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＰｘ）在牙周病变过程中的变化及其临床意义。方法：选择２３例成人牙周炎（ＡＰ）患者的４４颗患牙,记录临床指标ＧＩ、ＰＤ、ＡＬ,并测定治疗前后ＧＣＦ－ＧＰｘ水平。结果：ＧＣＦ－ＧＰｘ与ＰＤ、ＡＬ负相关（Ｐ〈０．０５,Ｐ,０．００５）,与ＧＩ无明显相关性。牙周治疗后临床指标均明显下降（Ｐ〈０．００１）,ＧＣＦ－ＧＰｘ水平明显上升（Ｐ〈０．００１）,但ＧＣＦ－ＧＰＸ水平的上     

牙周炎患者龈沟液和龈组织PGE2水平相关性的研究

为探讨龈沟液（ＧＣＦ）ＰＧＥ２含量与龈组织含量的关系，用放射免疫法测定了１５名成人牙周炎患者２０个部位ＧＣＦ和相应部位牙龈组织ＰＧＥ２含量．结果表明ＰＧＥ２含量：ＧＣＦ中为６９．２５±１７．２２ｐｇ／μｌ，相应牙龈组织为２２７．４７±３５．２２ｐｇ／ｍｇ湿重组织，ＧＣＦＰＧＥ２含量与相应龈组织ＰＧＥ２含量呈明显的正相关（ｒ＝０．９１９６，Ｐ＜０．０５）．提示ＧＣＦ中ＰＧＥ２含量可反映出龈组织ＰＧＥ２水平，为ＰＧＥ２在牙周病发病机制、病程进展、疗效判定等研究中提供了一敏感、无创伤、可反复取样、简单易行的可靠方法．     

Sjgren综合征中T细胞亚群值的测定

目的：研究Ｓｊｏｇｒｅｎ综合征中Ｔ细胞亚群和免疫球蛋白的变化。方法：应用单克隆抗体技术检测Ｔ细胞亚群,用单向免疫扩散法检测ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ结果：Ｓｊｏｇｒｅｎ综合征患者外周血中 ＣＤ４降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）、ＣＤ８升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,其程度与病情发展相一致,严重者ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８倒置。ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ均升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,尤以ＩｇＧ显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：Ｓｊｏｇｒｅ综合征中存在免疫调节异常。     

牙周病患者治疗前后龈沟液中碱性磷酸酶水平的变化

选择牙周健康者（Ｈ）及边缘性龈炎（ＭＧ）、慢性成人牙周炎（ＣＡＰ），快速进展型牙周炎（ＲＰＰ）患者共３５人，２０４颗牙齿，测定其龈沟液（ＧＣＦ）中碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）的水平。发现牙周组织有破坏的患牙（ＣＡＰ和ＲＰＰ组），其龈沟液（ＧＣＦ）－碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）水平高于牙周无破坏者（Ｈ和ＭＧ组）ＧＣＦ－ＡＬＰ水平与牙周临床指标呈高度正相关，牙周治疗后临床指标及ＧＣＦ－ＡＬＰ水平均明显下降。提示ＧＣＦ     

三种牙周炎患者龈沟液中IL—8的检测

目的：探讨ＩＬ－８与不同种类牙周炎的关系，比较三种牙周炎，即青少年牙周炎（ｊｕｖｅｎｉｌｅｐｅｒｉ－ｏｄｏｎｔｉｔｉｓ，ＪＰ），快速进展型牙周炎（ｒａｐｉｄｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｖｅｐｅｒｉｏｄｏｎｔｉｔｉｓ，ＲＰＰ）和成人牙周炎（ａｄｕｌｔｐｅｒｉｏｄｏｎｔｉｔｉｓ，ＡＰ）龈沟液（ｇｉｎｇｉｖａｌｃｒｅｖｉｃｕｌａｒｆｌｕｉｄ，ＧＣＦ）中ＩＬ－８浓度和检出率。方法：采集ＪＰ、ＲＰＰ和ＡＰ患者ＧＣＦ，用ＥＬＩＳＡ法对ＧＣＦ中ＩＬ－８进行检测。结果：ＡＰ患者ＧＣＦ中ＩＬ－８检出率为６７．８５％，明显高于ＪＰ组、ＲＰＰ组的检出率（分别为３４．４８％、２５％）；ＧＣＦ中ＩＬ－８浓度无明显差别。结论：ＪＰ、ＲＰＰ患牙ＧＣＦ中ＩＬ－８检出率低可能是造成此种牙周炎局部中性粒细胞趋化异常的原因之一。     

牙本质无机物在牙本质粘接过程中的作用

目的探讨牙本质无机物在牙本质粘接过程中的作用。方法采用几种不同的牙本质处理方法，测试分析了牙本质与４ＭＥＴＡ／ＭＭＡＴＢＢ树脂之间的抗张粘接强度（ｔｅｎｓｉｌｅｂｏｎｄｉｎｇｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ，ＴＢＳ）。结果选用１０％柠檬酸和３％三氯化铁组成的酸盐体系预处理液（ａｃｉｄｓａｌｔｐｒｅｔｒｅａｔｉｎｇｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍ，ＡＰＳＳ）去除牙本质污染层，再用次氯酸钠溶解牙本质胶原。暴露牙本质无机物时，牙本质的抗张粘接强度为５９３ＭＰａ，明显高于用蒸馏水冲洗的对照组（３７１ＭＰａ）（Ｐ＜００５）。结论说明牙本质无机物在牙本质粘接过程中确实具有一定的作用     

牙周病患者牙龈组织前列腺素E_2、血栓素B_2、6－酮－前列腺素F_（1α）水平的研究

采用ＲＩＡ对１１例健康牙龈组织（Ｈ）、１１名龈炎（Ｇ）患者的１７个牙、２６名成人牙周炎（ＡＰ）患者３６个牙和１４名青少年牙周炎（ＪＰ）患者的２０个牙的牙龈组织同时测定ＰＧＥ_２、ＴＸＢ_２、６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ_（１α）的含量。结果以ＰＧＥ_２最多，ＴＸＢ_２次之，６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ_（１α）最少；３种前列腺素（ＰＧｓ）均随病变严重程度而增加，除Ｇ组ＴＸＢ_２和６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ_（１α）与Ｈ组相差显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）外，其余各病变组与Ｈ组比，３种ＰＧｓ均相差非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＡＰ组和ＪＰ组比Ｇ组也有非常显著升高（Ｐ＜０．００１），而ＡＰ和ＪＰ组间相差不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），表明３种ＰＧｓ在牙周病发病中具有重要作用。     

复发性口疮(RAU)与唾液免疫球蛋白、补体及溶菌酶活性关系的实验研究

本文对９９例复发性口疮患者，分别在初诊治疗前（发作期）和治疗后３月未发作时进行唾液ＳＩｇＡ、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、Ｃ３、Ｃ４及溶菌酶含量和活性检测，并以４５名健康学生唾液相应成份作为正常对照。实验结果表明：复发性口疮患者治疗前唾液ＳＩｇＡ、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、Ｃ３、Ｃ４及溶菌酶含量和活性，均远远低于正常人唾液相应成份（Ｐ＜０．０１）；复发性口疮患者治疗后，其唾液ＳＩｇＡ、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、Ｃ３、Ｃ４及溶菌酶含量和活性，均较治疗前有显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０１），其中ＩｇＧ、Ｃ４及溶菌酶含量和活性恢复较明显，与正常人唾液相应成份相似（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

TGF—β对人牙乳头间充质细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响

目的： 探讨ＴＧＦ－ β对人牙乳头间充质细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响。方法：采用ＭＴＴ法和流式细胞仪观察ＴＧＦ－β对人牙乳头细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响。结果：５０μｇ／Ｌ 组显著刺激人牙乳头细胞增殖（Ｐ＜ ０．０５），Ｇ１ ％ 显著降低，Ｓ％ 明显升高（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１），反映细胞增殖活力的增殖指数ＰｒⅠ值（Ｓ＋ Ｇ２ Ｍ） 也明显增高（ Ｐ＜０ ．０１）。结论：ＴＧＦ－β可能通过促进人牙乳头细胞增殖参与牙胚发育和牙髓损伤修复。     

口腔粘膜鳞状细胞癌患者血浆及肿瘤组织中cAMP和cGMP水平…

用放射免疫方法测定了１６名口腔粘膜鳞癌患者肿瘤组织，癌旁正常口腔粘膜组织，外周血浆及１６名正常人外周血浆中ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ含量，并初步探讨了ｃＡＭＰ，ｃＧＭＰ与口腔鳞癌发病的关系。结果显示：与对照组相比，鳞癌患者癌组织中的ｃＡＭＰ水平显著降低）Ｐ＜０．０１），ｃＧＭＰ含量升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），ｃＡＭＰ／ＣＧＭＰ比例下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），而血浆中的ｃＡＭＰ，ｃＧＭＰ含量则无明显改变（Ｐ＜０．０５）     

牙周炎患者治疗前后龈沟液中可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1的变化

了解成人牙周炎患者治疗前后龈沟液中可溶性细胞间粘附分子－１含量的变化。方法：采用常规滤纸条法收集正常成人以及成年人牙周炎患者治疗前后的ＧＣＦ样本,用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测其ｓＩＣＡＭ－１的含量。结果治疗后ＧＦＣ中ｓＩＣＡＭ－１的水平显著下降。     

The effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on peroxidase activity in diabetic patients: a case-control pilot study

Objective: To evaluate the effect of periodontal therapy on clinical parameters as well as on total salivary peroxidase (TSP) activity and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and of systemically healthy individuals.
Material and Methods: Twenty DM2 subjects with inadequate metabolic control (test group) and 20 systemically healthy individuals (control group), both groups with chronic periodontitis, were enrolled. Periodontal clinical parameters, namely periodontal probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), visible plaque index (VPI), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival bleeding index (GBI) and presence of suppuration (SUP), as well as TSP activity and GCF MPO activity, were assessed before and 3 months after non-surgical periodontal therapy.
Results: At baseline and 3 months post-treatment, the test group presented a higher percentage of sites with VPI and BOP ( p <0.01). MPO activity in the GCF presented lower values ( p <0.05) for the test group at both baseline and the post-treatment period. The periodontal treatment resulted in a significant improvement of most clinical and enzymatic parameters for both groups ( p <0.05).
Conclusions: In both groups, the periodontal therapy was effective in improving most clinical parameters and in reducing salivary and GCF enzymatic activity. The diabetic individuals presented lower MPO activity in the GCF.     

Effect of Non‐Surgical Periodontal Treatment on Visfatin Concentrations in Serum and Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients With Chronic Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background : This study aims to assess visfatin concentrations in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and investigate this relationship in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic periodontitis (CP) before and after non‐surgical periodontal treatment. Methods: Fifty‐four patients with T2DM and CP were recruited. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: treatment and control. Serum and GCF visfatin concentrations and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay at different time points (at baseline and 3 and 6 months after non‐surgical periodontal treatment). Results: Serum and GCF visfatin concentrations showed no significant differences between the groups at baseline (t test, P >0.05). A significant decline of visfatin in the treatment group was found in serum and GCF 3 months after non‐surgical periodontal treatment (t test, P <0.01). Baseline and 3‐month HbA1c levels were not significantly different, but at 6 months, a statistically significant difference was detected (t test, P >0.05). Conclusions: The data suggest that non‐surgical periodontal treatment is helpful for glucose control, an effect that may be associated with reduced visfatin in patients with T2DM and periodontitis. Furthermore, the data suggest that visfatin may be considered an inflammatory marker for periodontal diseases.     

Resolution of crevicular fluid leukocyte activity in patients treated for aggressive periodontal disease

BACKGROUND: Enhanced neutrophil responses play a critical role in the activation of the innate immune system and causation of aggressive periodontitis (AgP). The hypothesis that comprehensive periodontal treatment expedites resolution of amplified leukocyte activity and facilitates the reconstitution of periodontal health was tested. METHODS: Four different gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) markers from 14 patients were characterized prior to and at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after periodontal therapy. GCF myeloperoxidase (MPO), beta-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase (beta-NAH), and beta-glucuronidase (beta-G) were determined spectrophotometrically, and cathepsin D (CD) by liquid scintillation counting using [14C] hemoglobin as substrate. The primary outcome was long-term stability of periodontal health. RESULTS: In untreated AgP, GCF markers were significantly amplified (MPO: 1.9-fold; beta-NAH: 1.3-fold; beta-G: 1.7-fold; CD: 4.7-fold). Following periodontal therapy, the leukocyte activity was significantly dampened (0.3- to 0.5-fold), and paralleled with a sustained improvement of periodontal health (P < 0.05). Thereafter and at 3 years, GCF leukocyte responses remained on a physiologic low level compatible to normal immune function. CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive treatment of AP induces a downregulation of amplified crevicular neutrophil activity. The release of the innate immune system from exacerbating damage elicits a successful reconstitution of long-term periodontal health with no setbacks seen after 3 years.     

Amplified crevicular leukocyte activity in aggressive periodontal disease

Exaggerated neutrophil responses are a critical component in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. We investigated whether leukocyte activity in aggressive periodontitis (AP) is increased compared with that in chronic periodontitis (CP) by gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) analysis of myeloperoxidase (MPO), beta-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase (beta-NAH), cathepsin D (CD), and elastase-alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor complex (alpha-1-EPI) before and 6 months after therapy. Initial AP neutrophil responses were significantly amplified compared with those in CP (MPO, 3.2-fold; beta-NAH, 37.5-fold; CD, 2.2-fold; alpha-1-EPI, 1.4-fold; p < 0.05). Surgical therapy resulted in a significant reduction of GCF markers compared with non-surgical treatment. However, the changes in clinical parameters were not different between AP and CP (P > 0.05). Analysis of the results suggests that the local inflammatory response in AP is characterized by increased release of inflammatory mediators of neutrophil origin into the GCF. Analysis of the data further suggests that surgical therapy is a more predictable method for removal of the pro-inflammatory etiology.     

牙周炎基础治疗配合PVP-I局部应用后龈沟液中GPx水平的变化

目的 :了解聚维酮碘 (PVP -I)和生理盐水配合基础治疗后龈沟液中GPx的变化和临床意义。方法 :2 3名慢性成年性牙周炎 (AP)患者 ,每一测试者选取不同象限的 1～ 2个患牙 ,总共 44颗 2 2对牙在基础治疗完成后 ,一组用 10 % (PVP -I) ,另一组用生理盐水冲洗 ,记录临床指标GI、PD、AL ,并测定治疗前后龈沟液中GPx水平。结果 :两组治疗前后临床指标均明显下降 (p <0.001) ;GPx水平明显上升 (p <0.001) ;PVP - Ⅰ组和生理盐水组 ,各临床指标和GPx水平无显著差异。结论 :AP患者基础治疗后临床指标和生化指标GPx有明显改善 ,但配合使用PVP - Ⅰ和生理盐水冲洗对GCF -GPx水平无明显改善 ,GCF -PGx可能是反映牙周组织状态的一项有意义的指标。     

Analysis of human gingival tissue and gingival crevicular fluid beta-glucuronidase activity in specific periodontal diseases

BACKGROUND: Beta-glucuronidase (betaG) is one of the enzymes involved in the destruction of non-collagenous components of the extracellular matrix. It is also considered an indicator or predictor of periodontal disease activity. The present study was conducted to determine the presence and the levels of betaG activity in gingival tissue and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in periodontal disease and health status. The validity of 2 expressions of data, total betaG activity versus betaG concentration, and the correlations between clinical periodontal status and betaG profile was also evaluated. METHODS: betaG activities in gingival tissues and GCF samples from 57 individuals, divided into 3 equal groups of adult periodontitis (AP), early-onset periodontitis (EOP), and periodontally healthy subjects were spectrophotometrically examined. RESULTS: Both patient groups had higher betaG levels in both gingiva and GCF than controls. Significant differences were observed among all groups when total GCF betaG activities were examined (P <0.05). However, the difference between AP and controls was not significant when concentration values were compared (P >0.05). The highest GCF betaG activity, with both expressions, was detected in EOP group. No absolute correlations between clinical parameters and betaG activity were observed, except for random correlations in the patient groups with mean total betaG activities. Also GCF/gingiva betaG levels and the 2 expressions did not show absolute correlations. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study confirm the relationship between betaG activity and periodontal diseases. The differences in data concerning GCF total betaG activity and betaG concentration may suggest that they are not matching measures. Data presentation seems to be an important factor in GCF/enzyme profile studies.     

吸烟对牙周基础治疗前后龈沟液量和弹性蛋白酶水平的影响

目的　评价吸烟是否影响牙周炎基础治疗前、后龈沟液 (gingivalcrevicularfluid ,GCF)量和龈沟液中弹性蛋白酶 (elastase ,EA)的水平。方法　将 37例男性慢性牙周炎患者分为吸烟组 (2 2例 ,12 2个牙位点 ,每日吸烟≥ 2 0支 )和非吸烟组 (15例 ,90个牙位点 )。牙周炎基础治疗前、后用滤纸条法收集GCF ,用Periotron 6 0 0 0龈沟液测量仪测定GCF量。对吸烟组 92个位点和非吸烟组 6 0个位点GCF样本 ,用底物分解法检测EA水平。结果　治疗前吸烟组GCF量 (139 2± 33 4 )U和EA水平(0 6 34± 0 5 87)明显低于非吸烟组 [GCF量 :(15 5 4± 39 7)U ,EA水平 :0 835± 0 5 72 ],P <0 0 1。治疗后 ,两组GCF量和EA水平均显著降低 (P <0 0 0 1)。但吸烟组 91个位点 (74 6 % )GCF和 70个位点(76 1% )的EA水平治疗后有改善 ;而非吸烟组高达 88个位点 (97 8% )GCF和 5 6个位点 (93 3% )的EA水平有改善 (P <0 0 1)。结论　治疗前探诊深度相同的情况下 ,吸烟组GCF量和EA水平均低于非吸烟组 ,治疗后吸烟组的GCF和EA的减少程度不如非吸烟组明显。     

Expression of Protease Activated Receptor‐1 in Chronic Periodontitis

Background: Protease activated receptor‐1 (PAR₁) activation by thrombin may play a role in repair and homeostasis of periodontal tissues. The main objective of this study is to investigate PAR₁ expression in patients with periodontitis, before and after non‐surgical periodontal treatment, and to associate its expression with the presence of inflammatory biomarkers and PAR₂ expression. Methods: Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples and clinical parameters, including probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and gingival and plaque indices, were collected from periodontally healthy individuals and patients with moderate chronic periodontitis (CP) before and 6 weeks after periodontal non‐surgical treatment. PAR₁ and PAR₂ messenger RNA (mRNA) at the GCF were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Flow cytometry analysis identified the GCF PAR₁‐expressing cells. GCF inflammatory biomarkers were also determined. Results: Clinical parameters were significantly improved after therapy (P <0.01). The qPCR analysis showed that, before therapy, PAR₁ mRNA levels in CP were similar to controls. Periodontal treatment led to increased PAR₁ expression in CP (P <0.05). PAR₁ expression was inversely correlated to PAR₂ expression and with interleukins 6 and 8, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interferon‐γ, and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 levels. Conclusions: Periodontal treatment results in PAR₁ overexpression in the GCF, and PAR₁ expression is associated with decreased expression of inflammatory biomarkers and inversely correlated to PAR₂ expression in the GCF. Therefore, the data suggest the importance of PAR₁ mediating the known anabolic actions of thrombin in the periodontium.