Hip arthroplasty for failed internal fixation of intertrochanteric fractures

Nineteen patients who had hip arthroplasties for complications of internal fixation of intertrochanteric fractures were reviewed. There were 6 males and 13 females. The mean age was 64.1 years (range, 21-87 years) at the time of the fracture. The average interval from fracture to arthroplasty was 40.3 months (range, 2-288 months). The prosthesis types included 16 total hip arthroplasties and 3 bipolar hip arthroplasties. A standard femoral stem was used in every patient, and although the stem length did not extend well beyond the most distal screw holes, there was no stress fracture. Complications such as intraoperative fracture of the greater trochanter and postoperative dislocation were common. The Harris Hip Score significantly improved from 38.4 points before the conversion to 79.8 points after an average follow-up of 7.4 years (range, 2-18 years). There was no revision for mechanical failure.     

髋关节置换术治疗股骨转子间骨折内固定失败

 目的 回顾性分析采用髋关节置换术治疗股骨转子间骨折内固定失败的临床效果。方法2004年7月至2006年6月,采用髋关节置换术治疗32例股骨转子间骨折内固定失败患者,男24例,女8例;行关节置换时的年龄为57～81,平均71岁;从骨折到行关节置换的时间为5～70个月,平均40个月。骨折内固定方式包括：滑动髋螺钉15例,髓内钉10例,钢板5例,多枚螺钉2例。失败原因：拉力螺钉切出股骨头8例,骨折不愈合9例,股骨头缺血性坏死7例,创伤性关节炎8例。采用全髋关节置换术28例（全部为生物型髋臼）,双极人工股骨头置换术4例。骨水泥型股骨柄12例,非骨水泥型股骨柄20例。标准股骨假体25例,长柄股骨假体7例。结果术后28例患者获得随访,随访时间4～6年,平均5年。28例患者术前H arris评分平均37分（32～45分）,末次随访时平均88分（84～95分）;优6例,良14例,可7例,差1例。末次随访时X线片显示假体位置正常,髋臼平均外展角为44°（42°～48°）,髋臼假体无松动。根据Harris标准评价骨水泥型股骨假体固定,1例为A级,9例为C级。根据Engh等标准评价非骨水泥型股骨假体的固定,18例均评价为骨长入。3例髋关节术后6个月复查时发现异位骨化,BrookerⅡ级2例,Ⅲ级1例。结论髋关节置换术是老年患者股骨转子间骨折内固定治疗失败后的一种有效挽救选择。     

Hip arthroplasty in failed intertrochanteric fractures in elderly

Background:

Failed intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients are surgical challenge with limited options. Hip arthroplasty is a good salvage procedure even though it involves technical issues such as implant removal, bone loss, poor bone quality, trochanteric nonunion and difficulty of surgical exposure.

Materials and Methods:

30 patients of failed intertrochanteric fractures where hip arthroplasty was done between May 2008 and December 2011 were included in study. 13 were males and 17 were females with average age of 67.3 years. There were 2 cemented bipolar arthroplasties, 19 uncemented bipolar, 4 cemented total hip arthroplasty and 5 uncemented total hip arthroplasties. 16 patients had a trochanteric nonunion, which was treated by tension band principles. Total hip was considered where there was acetabular damage due to the penetration of implant.

Results:

The average followup was 20 months (range 6-48 months). Patients were followed up from 6 to 48 months with average followup of 20 months. None of the patients were lost to followup. There was no dislocation. All patients were ambulatory at the final followup.

Conclusion:

A predictable functional outcome can be achieved by hip arthroplasty in elderly patients with failed intertrochanteric fractures. Though technically demanding, properly performed hip arthroplasty can be a good salvage option for this patient group.     

Hip arthroplasty after failed fixation of trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures

Background and purpose Hip arthroplasty is an option for elderly patients with osteoporosis for the treatment of failure after fixation of trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures, either as a total hip arthroplasty (THA) or as a hemiarthroplasty (HA). We analyzed the reoperation rate and risk factors for reoperation in a consecutive series of patients.

Methods All patients (n = 88) operated from 1999 to 2006 with a THA (n = 63) or an HA (n = 25) due to failure of fixation of a trochanteric fracture (n = 63) or subtrochanteric fracture (n = 25) were included. Background data were collected from the patient records. A search was performed in the national registry of the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare in order to find information on all reoperations. The follow-up time was 5–11 years.

Results The reoperation rate was 16% (14/88 hips). A periprosthetic fracture occurred in 6 patients, a deep prosthetic infection in 5 patients, and a dislocation of the prosthesis in 3 patients. Standard-length femoral stems had an increased risk of reoperation (11/47) compared to long stems (3/41) (HR = 4, 95% CI: 1.0–13; p = 0.06).

Interpretation The high reoperation rate reflects the complexity of the surgery. Using long femoral stems that bridge previous holes and defects may be one way to reduce the risk for reoperation.     

人工关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折内固定失败的疗效观察

目的:观察人工髋关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折内固定失败患者的临床疗效.方法:自2007年6月至2014年1月采用人工髋关节置换治疗29例股骨颈骨折内固定失败的患者,其中男12例,女17例;年龄43~83岁,平均60.3岁;左髋16例,右髋13例.内固定距关节置换时间3~48个月,平均23.3个月.结果:29例患者中,直接生物杯固定20例,植骨修复缺损后生物杯固定7例,植骨修复缺损钛网杯固定后骨水泥臼杯固定2例;股骨柄生物型柄13例,骨水泥柄16例.无术中并发症发生,手术时间(115±38) min,术中出血量(420±175) ml,术后引流量(240±119) ml,术中输血量(200±220) ml,术中补液量(2 200±400) ml,术后输血量(300±200)ml,术后早期脱位1例.术后随访时间5~24个月,平均14.7个月,均愈合良好,未发生假体下沉、松动、脱位等现象.Harris评分由术前的51.1±7.5提高到末次随访88.5±6.4.结论:人工关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折内固定失败患者,可早期下地功能锻炼,减少卧床时间及并发症的发生,有利于早期功能恢复,远期疗效需要进一步观察.     

股骨转子间骨折髓内固定失败后的人工髋关节置换术

目的探讨股骨转子间骨折髓内固定治疗失败病例的可能原因、人工髋关节置换手术策略及临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2017年12月暨南大学附属第一医院骨关节外科收治的因髓内固定手术治疗股骨转子间骨折失败而行人工关节置换手术的41例患者。纳入标准：单侧股骨转子间骨折股骨近端髓内固定术后,症状、体征及影像学检查证实内固定失败,患者有手术治疗意愿。排除标准：无法耐受再次手术,非人工髋关节置换术式,明确或可疑感染。男15例,女26例;年龄49～87岁,平均(71±7)岁;骨折按Evans分型,Ⅲ型4例,Ⅳ型14例,Ⅴ型23例;人工股骨头置换术治疗12例,人工全髋关节置换术治疗29例;股骨侧骨水泥柄固定7例,非骨水泥柄标准干骺端固定15例,非骨水泥柄远端固定19例。手术相关指标、治疗前后髋关节功能评分的组间比较行独立样本t检验,同组患者术前与术后评分的比较行配对样本t检验。 结果人工全髋关节置换术组手术时间、术中失血量、术后引流量大于人工股骨头置换术组,差异有统计学意义(t ＝9.548,P <0.01;t＝4.374,P<0.05;t ＝10.048,P<0.01)。41例患者在8～86个月、平均(43±16)个月随访期内,髋关节Harris评分从术前(43±6)分,提高到(83±4)分,人工股骨头置换术组及人工全髋关节置换术组末次随访Harris评分均显著高于翻修术前,差异有统计学意义(t＝11.532,P<0.01; t＝14.713,P<0.01)。置换术后髋关节功能优良率87.8%。 结论针对股骨转子间骨折髓内固定手术失败病例的具体特点选择人工全髋关节置换术或人工股骨头置换术,均能有效缓解患者症状,改善髋关节功能,中期随访临床疗效满意。     

Treatment of unstable intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures in elderly patients. Primary bipolar arthroplasty compared with internal fixation

Thirty-seven consecutive patients who were more than seventy-five years old and had an unstable intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric fracture were treated by primary bipolar arthroplasty from 1983 through 1986. The functional results, according to the rating scale of Merle d'Aubigné, were rated as good or excellent in 75 per cent of the patients and remained almost unchanged with time. Roentgenographic follow-up showed early bone formation around the extramedullary part of the femoral component. The results in this prospective group of patients were compared with those in a similar but retrospective control group of forty-two patients who were treated by internal fixation from 1979 through 1982 and in whom early full weight-bearing was not possible. In the bipolar arthroplasty group, rehabilitation was easier and faster, and the incidences of pressure sores, pulmonary infection, and atelectasis were significantly lower (p less than 0.05). The early walking with full weight-bearing that the bipolar arthroplasty made possible is considered to be a major contributing factor to these results.     

股骨转子间骨折与股骨颈骨折内固定失效后行人工髋关节置换术的比较

目的将股骨转子间骨折行动力髋部螺钉(DHS)内固定术后的人工髋关节置换术与股骨颈骨折AO螺钉内固定术后行全髋关节置换术的临床结果相比较,总结股骨转子间骨折行DHS内固定术后的人工髋关节置换术经验以及治疗过程中的困难和随访结果。方法将1984年6月～2001年8月有完整资料的19例股骨转子间骨折行DHS内固定术后和配对的19例股骨颈骨折AO螺钉内固定术后行人工髋关节置换术的结果进行比较。使用SPSS软件中的配对T检验方法对本组病人的年龄、性别、DHS失效的原因、骨折至关节置换术时间、早期并发症、失血、手术时间及临床Harris的评分进行统计分析。结果在DHS组中,术后早期并发症(术中股骨近端骨折或术后髋关节脱位)的发生率明显高于AO螺钉组(0.01相似文献   

股骨转子间骨折术后内固定失效的再次内固定治疗

目的 评价股骨转子问骨折术后内固定失效行再次内固定加自体髂骨植骨术的疗效. 方法回顺性研究2000年1月至2008年3月间收治的股骨转子问骨折术后内固定失效、骨折不愈合病例31例,其中25例接受切开复位重新内固定加自体髂骨植骨术.一期失效的内固定种类包括动力髋螺钉12例,髁钢板3例,角钢板1例,带锁髓内针3例和空心钉6例.根据遗留骨质状况以及骨折类型选择更换的内固定物,包括股骨近端髓内钉12例,动力髁螺钉7例,动力髋螺钉4例和角钢板2例.所有患者均行自体髂骨植骨. 结果随访时间6-84个月,平均24个月.平均手术时间200 min(120～240 rain),平均出血量1500 mL(800～3000 mL).术中和术后无严重并发症发生.骨折愈合24例,愈合率为96.0%(24/25).25例患者术后髋关节Harris评分平均87分(35～100分),优良率为76.0%.随访患者X线片测量颈十角平均120.(110°～140°),无股骨头缺血坏死表现及髋关节退行性改变. 结论对于股骨转子间骨折术后内固定失效的患者,股骨近端只要存在可固定的骨质,患者的髋关节无严重损害,再次内固定加植骨治疗能够获得满意的临床结果.     

Hip arthroplasty for salvage of failed treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures

BACKGROUND: Failed treatment of an intertrochanteric fracture typically leads to profound functional disability and pain. Treatment with repeated attempts to gain union and to preserve the host femoral head usually is preferred for young patients, but salvage treatment with hip arthroplasty may be considered for selected older patients with poor bone quality, bone loss, or articular cartilage damage. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the results and complications of hip arthroplasty performed as a salvage procedure after the failed treatment of an intertrochanteric hip fracture. METHODS: Between 1985 and 1997, sixty patients (forty-nine women and eleven men) with a mean age of seventy-eight years were treated at our institution with hip arthroplasty after the failed treatment of an intertrochanteric fracture. Thirty-two patients had a total hip arthroplasty with a cemented cup (twenty-four patients) or an uncemented cup (eight patients), twenty-seven had a bipolar hemiarthroplasty, and one had a unipolar hemiarthroplasty. A calcar-replacement design, extended-neck stem, or long-stem implant was used in fifty-one of the sixty hips. RESULTS: Ten patients died within two years (all with the implant intact), and six were lost to follow-up. The remaining forty-four patients were followed for a mean of five years (range, two to fifteen years). At the time of the last follow-up, thirty-nine patients had no or mild pain and five had moderate or severe pain; in all of these patients, the pain was in the region of the greater trochanter. Forty patients were able to walk, twenty-six with one-arm support or less. Twelve patients had a total of thirteen medical complications postoperatively. A total of five reoperations were performed: two patients had a revision, one had a rewiring procedure because of trochanteric avulsion, one had late removal of trochanteric hardware, and one had débridement of fat necrosis. One patient had two dislocations, both of which were treated with closed reduction. Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis with revision of the implant for any reason as the end point revealed a survival rate of 100% at seven years and 87.5% (95% confidence interval, 67.3% to 100%) at ten years. CONCLUSIONS: Hip arthroplasty is an effective salvage procedure after the failed treatment of an intertrochanteric fracture in an older patient. Most patients have good pain relief and functional improvement. Calcar-replacement and long-stem implants often are required. Despite the operative challenges, surprisingly few serious orthopaedic complications were associated with this procedure in the present study.     

Salvage of failed internal fixation of intertrochanteric hip fractures

Most intertrochanteric hip fractures treated with internal fixation heal. If nonunion or early loss of fracture fixation occurs, treatment options include prosthetic replacement and revision internal fixation. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the results of revision internal fixation and bone grafting for salvage of failed internal fixation of intertrochanteric hip fractures. Between 1981 and 2000, 20 patients with 20 intertrochanteric fractures who had initial internal fixation that failed were treated with revision open reduction and internal fixation and bone grafting. The mean age of the patients was 58 years (range, 21-86 years). The mean clinical followup was 27 months (range, 3-120 months), and mean radiographic followup was 22 months (range, 3-120 months). Eleven patients were treated with an angled blade plate (seven, 95 degrees; two, 90 degrees; one, 110 degrees; and one, Harris blade plate), five with a dynamic hip screw, three with a dynamic condylar screw, and one with a Zickel nail. Autograft bone was used in 17 patients and allograft bone was used in three patients. Nineteen of 20 nonunions healed (95%). Sixteen of the 19 patients who achieved healing reported no pain and three had mild pain (related to retained hardware); all were ambulatory. Two patients had perioperative complications (10%): one wound dehiscence, and one severe hyponatremia. In properly selected patients, revision internal fixation with bone grafting for failed open reduction and internal fixation of intertrochanteric hip fractures can provide a high rate of union and good clinical results with a low rate of complications.     

髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨转子间骨折内固定失败的中期随访

目的 :回顾性分析人工髋关节置换治疗老年股骨转子间骨折内固定失败的中期疗效。方法 :收集2008年12月至2011年12月收治的32例老年股骨转子间骨折内固定失败病例(男17例,女15例),采取髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)治疗,其中4例死亡病例排除在外,28例纳入研究,年龄69~83岁,平均75岁;内固定手术与髋关节置换之间相隔8~72个月。其中EvansⅠ型6例,Ⅱ型11例,Ⅲ型9例,Ⅳ型2例。手术前显示侧板断裂9例,头钉切割股骨头颈切出15例,螺丝松动4例。采用Harris评分比较患者术前和末次随访髋关节功能变化,并随访术后影像学结果(X线)、血沉等指标。结果:28例获得完整随访,随访时间4~7年,平均5.3年。患者疼痛均较术前明显减轻或消失,髋关节功能明显改善,2例活动后有中度疼痛,4例活动后出现轻微疼痛。末次随访时,19例恢复自由行走,8例需要手杖帮助下行走,1例需要助行器帮助下行走。Harris评分由术前34.9±2.4提高至术后末次随访的83.4±5.7;末次随访时优15例,良10例,可2例,差1例。X线检查未见假体松动及下沉断裂。结论:对于股骨转子间骨折内固定失败的高龄患者,行挽救性THA能有效改善髋关节功能,提高患者的生活质量,并且中期随访结果较好。     

Hip arthroplasty after failed internal fixation of the trochanteric fractures in aged patients with co-existent osteoporosis]

The authors present the results of hip arthroplasty of 67 patients treated after failed internal fixation of the osteoporotic, trochanteric fractures of the femur, which were primary stabilised with angular plate AO in 39 patients and with dynamic hip screw (DHS) in 28 patients. In the discussed material 16 persons were male and 51 female, in the age between 51 and 83 years old. According to the Evans classification in 4 cases we diagnosed type I of fracture, in 10--type II, 31--type III and in 22--type IV. Hip arthroplasty was made from the 3rd to the 39th week after primary fixation of the fracture. In 42 patients we made total hip arthroplasty, in 14 cases Austin-Moore hemiarthroplasty, and in 11 patients bipolar arthroplasty. According to the Postel and Merle d'Aubigne classification there were obtained 29 very good, 21 good and 17 satisfactory results.     

Diaphyseal locking hip arthroplasty for treatment of failed fixation of intertrochanteric hip fractures

Between 1997 and 2004, 18 patients (8 men and 10 women, with a mean age of 73.2 years) with failed treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures underwent hip arthroplasty as salvage procedures at our institution. Cementless, 5/8-porous coated, 6-in. primary diaphyseal locking femoral stems were used. Prospective follow-up ranging from 2 to 5 years (mean, 37.1 months) showed improvement of hip function without prosthesis loosening. Complications included 1 case of postoperative infection, 2 cases of dislocation, and 2 cases of stem subsidence. The clinical results were satisfactory. The 5/8-porous coated, 6-in. cementless femoral stems could be used in the salvage procedures for failed fixation of intertrochanteric hip fractures.     

髋关节置换术治疗老年骨质疏松性股骨转子间不稳定性骨折32例

目的 评价髋关节置换术治疗老年骨质疏松性股骨转子间不稳定性骨折的临床疗效.方法 自2005年1月至2010年5月对32例老年骨质疏松性股骨转子间不稳定性骨折患者行人工股骨头置换术或全髋关节置换术,年龄77-92岁,平均82.8岁,术后以Harris评分进行疗效评价.结果 32例患者均顺利实施手术并安全度过围手术期,根据Harris评分,优11例,良16例,可5例,优良率84.3％,全部病例髋关节功能接近或恢复到伤前水平.结论 髋关节置换术治疗老年骨质疏松性股骨转子间不稳定性骨折可获得满意的疗效.     

Total hip arthroplasty following failed internal fixation of hip fractures

A retrospective review was performed on 27 consecutive patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA) following failure of internal fixation of fractures of the proximal femur. The results were comparable to primary THA in femoral neck fractures. Considerably less satisfactory results were obtained in THA in intertrochanteric fractures. Bone loss and medial displacement of the femoral shaft led to high incidence of intraoperative complications and postoperative dislocations. Extreme care must be taken to avoid fracture and penetration of the femoral shaft. Autograft, allograft, or head and neck replacement components should be available for reconstruction of the difficult cases.     

髋臼骨折内固定失败术后的全髋关节置换术

目的:探讨髋臼骨折内固定失败术后继发创伤性关节炎和(或)股骨头缺血性坏死行全髋关节置换术的特点及临床疗效。方法:2009年2月至2014年10月,采用全髋关节置换术对31例(31髋)髋臼骨折内固定失败继发创伤性关节炎和(或)股骨头缺血性坏死患者进行治疗,其中男26例,女5例;受伤时平均年龄(41±12)岁。患者因髋臼骨折内固定术后3~132个月,平均(20.6±26.9)个月内继发创伤性关节炎和(或)股骨头缺血性坏死而行全髋关节置换术,全髋关节置换术均采用后外侧入路。观察术后并发症和关节活动度,并比较术前和术后随访时髋关节VAS疼痛评分和Harris髋关节评分。结果:术后27例获得随访,随访时间12~80个月,平均(43.2±11.7)个月。其中出现关节感染1例,假体松动1例,脱位1例,无继发坐骨神经损伤病例发生。所有随访病例髋关节功能和步态有明显改善;至末次随访时,VAS由术前平均(7.6±1.2)分,降低到术后平均(1.2±0.9)分,Harris评分由术前平均(45.5±13.6)分,提高到术后平均(88.5±7.8)分,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。髋关节除后伸外,前屈、外展、内收、内旋及外旋活动范围较术前显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。X线片复查示:髋臼假体无不稳定发生,1例股骨柄假体下沉3 mm,2例发生异位骨化。结论:正确处理内固定物,提防潜在感染,合理重建髋臼骨缺损,是髋臼骨折内固定失败术后全髋关节置换成功的关键。     

Cementless modular hip arthroplasty as a salvage operation for failed internal fixation of trochanteric fractures in elderly patients

Failure of internal fixation of trochanteric fractures requires repeat surgery in order to avoid the risks of complications affecting bedridden patients. This study was conducted to assess the results of hemi- or total hip arthroplasty with a cementless modular femoral stem, as a salvage operation following early mechanical failure of internal fixation. Twenty nine patients with a mean age of 81.1 years (70-91) were included in the study. Fractures extending into the diaphysis and pathological fractures were excluded, as well as patients who presented late complications. A cementless modular stem designed for metaphyso-diaphyseal anchorage was used in all cases. Twenty-two patients underwent hemiarthroplasty and seven total hip arthroplasty. Four patients died within one year and two were lost to follow-up. The remaining 23 patients were followed for a mean of 20 months (range: 6-89). At the time of last follow-up, 20 were ambulatory with (11 cases) or without support (9 cases) and three were bedridden. There were no intra- or postoperative femoral fractures. Two patients presented an early dislocation after bipolar hemiarthroplasty. One was successfully treated by closed reduction; the other underwent revision with a dual mobility acetabular component because of recurrent dislocation. All the patients reported significant pain relief and functional improvement. Subsidence of the stem greater than 5 mm was noted in three cases, without clinical consequences. The cementless modular femoral stem used in this study appeared as a reliable implant. Primary arthroplasty with such an implant could be considered in selected cases such as markedly unstable fractures and in osteoporotic elderly patients.