急性脑梗死合并睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的初步筛查

目的初步探讨急性脑梗死患者睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（SAHS）的患病情况。方法对2008年1月至2008年12月我科收治的急性脑梗死患者200例进行初步筛查,对配合的40例经知情同意后进行多导睡眠呼吸监测（PSG）检查,并随机抽取40例同期收治的EWW嗜睡自评不符合SAHS的急性脑梗死患者做对照,比较患者年龄、体重指数（BMI）、睡眠打鼾史、高血压史、糖尿病史、吸烟史、AHI、最低动脉血氧饱和度（SaO2）及梗死部位与症状。结果急性脑梗死合并SAHS者占急性脑梗死患者的20%,其中以阻塞型及混合型睡眠呼吸暂停居多;45～60岁组患病率最高,占60%;AHI〉20者占70%,病变累及脑干或出现吞咽困难、饮水呛咳等球麻痹症状者SASH较严重。结论急性脑梗死出现球麻痹者常合并较严重的阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停,睡眠呼吸暂停是脑梗死的独立危险因素,BMI及上气道周围组织功能异常是引起阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停的重要因素。     

急性脑梗死患者睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的初步研究

目的了解急性脑梗死患者睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(SAHS)与脑梗死亚型间的关系。方法对102例急性脑梗死患者于发病急性期进行夜间多导睡眠图监测及头颅MRI检查。按四种不同方法分为:(1)首发脑梗死组(60例)和复发脑梗死组(42例);(2)有鼾症史组(52例)和无鼾症史组(50例);(3)多发及大面积脑梗死组(70例)和单发小梗死组(32例);(4)前循环受累组(56例)、后循环受累组(20例)和前后循环均受累组(26例)。根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)及夜间最低血氧饱和度(SpO2)对SAHS进行分级。结果AHI≥5为72例(70.6%);SpO2异常100例(98.0%)。复发脑梗死组、多发及大面积脑梗死组和前后循环均受累组较首发梗死组、单发小梗死组和前循环受累组发病率高,各组AHI>20的比例均增高。鼾症史与SAHS的发生及程度无相关性。结论脑梗死患者急性期SAHS发病率高,与脑梗死的严重程度、亚型有关。     

睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者窦性心率震荡的变化

目的:了解睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(SAHS)患者窦性心率震荡的变化。方法:对75例患者进行整夜(>7 h)多导睡眠仪监测,同时同步进行24 h动态心电图检查。根据多导睡眠仪监测结果得出睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI),分别作出有无SAHS的诊断,将研究对象分为SAHS组(AHI≥5,n=52)与对照组(AHI<5,n=23),比较两组患者窦性心率震荡参数—震荡初始值(TO)、震荡斜率值(TS)的变化。结果:SAHS组较对照组震荡斜率值明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组震荡初始均值均<0,SAHS组>对照组,但差异无统计学意义,SAHS组24 h室性早搏的数量高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义。结论:SAHS组与对照组相比存在窦性心率震荡减弱现象,表明SAHS患者自主神经功能受损,震荡斜率降低可能作为预测SAHS患者发生心血管事件的一项指标。     

睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的肝损害及相关因素分析

目的:探讨睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(SAHS)患者是否存在肝损害及其可能相关因素。方法:随机选择中、重度SAHS患者134例和健康对照组60例作为研究对象。根据患者体重指数(BMI)分为SAHS肥胖组69例、SAHS非肥胖组65例和对照肥胖组30例、对照非肥胖组30例,观察各组血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、甘油三脂(TG)和胆固醇(CHO)水平的变化,肝脏彩超形态学表现,评估非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)的发生率,并对SAHS组血清ALT、AST水平与睡眠监测指标进行相关性分析。结果:SAHS患者血清ALT、AST、GGT、TG和CHO水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05);SAHS组发生NAFLD的几率明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。SAHS肥胖组肝损害与非肥胖组无明显差别(均P>0.05)。SAHS组血清ALT和AST水平与睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)正相关(r分别为0.601和0.352,均P<0.05),与最低血氧饱和度(LSaO2)(r分别为-0.513和-0.442,均P<0.05)和平均血氧饱和度(MSaO2)(r分别为-0.461和-0.305,均P<0.05)负相关。多元线性回归显示,SAHS组血清ALT水平与患者AHI和LSaO2呈线性回归关系(P<0.01)。结论:SAHS患者确实存在肝损害,发生NAFLD的几率明显增高,肝酶水平与患者AHI、LSaO2密切相关,慢性间歇性低氧可能是造成肝损害的独立相关因素。     

睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与心血管疾病相关性的临床分析

目的临床观察不同程度睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(SAHS)患者心血管病发生率及其两者的相关性,为引起心血管科医生对本病的重视提供临床依据.方法 63例疑似SAHS患者进行睡眠呼吸监测,依据多导睡眠图监测结果,分为正常、轻度、中度、重度睡眠呼吸暂停4组,根据临床表现、血液生化指标、心电图、心脏超声、动态血压及冠状动脉造影等检查诊断心血管疾病,分析不同程度睡眠呼吸暂停与心血管疾病发生率的相关性.结果体重指数与呼吸暂停低通气指数、呼吸紊乱指数显著正相关(r=0.355,0373,P＜0.05);中、重度SAHS组心血管病发生率明显高于正常及轻度SAHS组(P＜0.05或0.01).结论睡眠呼吸暂停的程度与心血管疾病的发生密切相关.     

脉冲震荡测定在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者不同体位中的变化及临床意义

目的 探讨脉冲振荡(impulse oscillometry system,IOS)检测在明确阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)诊断、判断其病情程度,评估体位对OSAHS的影响,鉴别体位性OSAHS的价值.方法 IOS检测92例临床高度怀疑睡眠呼吸紊乱患者不同体位(坐位、侧卧位、仰卧位)的呼吸阻抗,同时进行睡眠监测.结果 OSAHS组较对照组坐位、侧卧位、仰卧位的ZRS、R5、R20、R35数值显著升高(P＜0.05);重度OSAHS组侧卧位、仰卧位的ZRS、R5、R20、R35值较轻、中度OSAHS组显著升高(P＜0.05);非体位性OSAHS侧卧位ZRS、R5、R20、R35值较体位性OSAHS组显著升高(P＜0.05);非体位性OSAHS侧卧位△ZRS、△R5、△R20、△R35较体位性OSAHS组显明显偏小(P＜0.05);而R5-R20、X5、△R5-R20、△X5在OSAHS组和对照组间以及非体位性OSAHS组和体位性组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 IOS可用于OSAHS的初步检查,评估其严重程度;体位变化对上气道阻力有显著影响,IOS可能可以鉴别出体位性OSAHS.     

198例老年睡眠呼吸暂停综合征多导睡眠图分析

目的 分析总结198例老年睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者（slee papnea／hypopnea syndrome，SAHS）的多导睡眠图（polysonmography，PSG）特点。方法 198例均为在华山医院睡眠诊疗中心诊断为老年SAHS患者，分析其PSG，描述其中139例不同程度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（obstructive sleep apnea syndrome OSAS）患者的PSG特征；探讨 OSAS患者体重指数（body mass index，BMI）与呼吸暂停事件及夜间间断性缺氧的相关性；对OSAS患者睡眠结构紊乱与呼吸暂停事什及夜间低氧血症进行相关性分析。结果198例SAHS患者中以阻塞性为主的有139例，占70．2％，140例OSAS患者均有不同程度的夜间间断性低氧和睡眠结构紊乱。相关分析显示Ⅰ期睡眠（S1）与睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、氧减饱和指数（ODI）及血氧饱和度〈90％／总睡眠时间（％SpO2〈90％）呈正相关，与平均氧饱和度（MSaO2）呈负相关；Ⅱ期睡眠（S2）与最低氧饱和度（LSaO2）及MSaO2呈正相关，与AHI、ODI及％SpO2〈90％呈负相关；Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期睡眠（S3＋4）与MSaO2呈正相关，与％SpO2〈90％呈负相关，AHI、ODI及LAT呈负相关，均有统计学意义。而患者的BMI与AHI和ODI呈正相关；与LSaO2和MSaO2呈负相关，有统计学意义；与最长暂停时间（IAT）和％SpO2〈90％无相关。结论本研究资料表明PSG是目前诊断SAHS的金标准。OSAS是最为多见的SAHS类型，而首次确诊的OSAS患者中以重度患者最多，提示SAS的早期发现率较低。体重指数可提示OSAS的严重程度，OSAS患者存在睡眠结构紊乱，并随呼吸暂停事件及夜间低氧血症的加重而加重。     

老年女性高血压与阻塞性呼吸睡眠暂停综合征的相关性及其对脑卒中的影响

目的 分析老年女性高血压与阻塞性呼吸睡眠暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的相关性,并探讨二者对脑卒中的影响。方法 纳入多中心老年女性OSAHS患者492例,其中合并高血压329例(66.9%),根据呼吸暂停-低呼吸指数(AHI)分为轻度组138例,中度组192例和重度组162例,收集各组睡眠参数、随访脑卒中的发生情况。采用Pearson相关分析对睡眠参数与高血压分级的关系,采用二元logistics回归筛选脑卒中结局的影响因素。结果3组AHI、氧饱和度指数(ODI)、最低脉搏血氧饱和度(LSpO₂)、总睡眠时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。高血压患者ODI明显高于非高血压患者,平均脉搏血氧饱和度(MSpO₂)、LSpO₂明显低于非高血压患者(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,AHI、ODI、总睡眠时间和呼吸暂停平均时间与高血压呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01),MSpO₂和LSpO₂与高血压呈负相关(P<...     

睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血管活性物质的变化

目的 观察不同程度睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(SAHS)患者血管活性物质内皮素-1(ET-1)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、血栓烷素B2(TXB_2)、6-酮-前列腺素F_(1α)(6-keto-PGF_(1α))、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的变化及其相关性，旨在深入了解SAHS引起心血管病的机制，为有效防治SAHS患者的心血管并发病提供实验依据。资料与方法 疑似SAHS患者共37例，男32例，女5例，平均(55．70±10．66)岁，进行多导睡眠呼吸监测，记录呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、呼吸紊乱指数(RDI)。根据RDI分为正常组，轻度SAHS组，中度SAHS和重度SAHS组。睡眠呼吸监测结束后即刻抽血，用放免法测定ET-1、AngⅡ、TXB_2、6-keto-PGF_(1α)、CGRP。结果 ①重度SAHS组的BMI显著大于正常及轻、中度组；②中、重度SAHS组ET-Ⅰ、AngⅡ、TXB_2水平显著高于正常组及轻、中度组，但四组6-keto-PGF_(1α)、CGRP水平均无统计学差异；③相关分析结果显示：AHI、RDI与ET-Ⅰ、AngⅡ、TXB_2水平显著正相关，6-keto-PGF_(1α)、CGRP水平则与SAHS参数无显著相关性。结论 体重指数与SAHS的发生发展密切相关，部分心血管活性物质如FF-Ⅰ，AngⅡ和TXB_2在SAHS引起的心血管疾病发生发展中发挥重要作用。     

应用动态心电图推导呼吸曲线人工分析的方法初筛睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

目的:以多导睡眠分析仪作对照,探讨应用动态心电图推导呼吸曲线(EDR),采用人工分析的方法初筛睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(SAHS)的可行性。方法:2004年4月～2005年10月对120例就诊于睡眠中心的患者进行整夜(>7h)多导睡眠分析仪监测,同时同步进行动态心电图检查。双方在互相不沟通的情况下分别计算睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI),并做出SAHS阳性与阴性的诊断,以多导睡眠分析仪结果作为金标准评价应用EDR技术初筛SAHS的可行性。结果:120例患者通过多导睡眠分析仪监测,结果88例患者SAHS阳性,32例患者SAHS阴性,应用动态心电图EDR技术人工分析方法初筛SAHS结果敏感性85.2%、特异性93.8%、阳性预测值97.4%、阴性预测值69.8%、诊断符合率87.5%。受试者工作特性曲线(ROC)下面积0.938,经相关分析两者AHI的相关系数为0.879(P=0.000),两者最长睡眠呼吸暂停时间的相关系数为0.716(P=0.000),两者最长睡眠低通气时间的相关系数为0.281(P=0.005)。结论:应用动态心电图EDR技术,采用人工分析方法对可疑SAHS患者进行初筛的符合率较高,可以作为临床上SAHS诊断的辅助工具。     

Nocturnal body position in sleeping children with and without obstructive sleep apnea

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether body position during sleep differs among children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) and controls, and to assess the effects of body position, obesity, and tonsillar size on respiratory disturbance. Four hundred and thirty consecutive children with polysomnographically demonstrated OSAS. And 185 age-, gender-, and ethnically matched children (Controls) were compared. The effect of sleep body position on respiratory disturbance was examined in OSAS, and also in relation to obesity and tonsillar size. Children with OSAS spent more time in the supine position than Controls (P<0.01), with less time spent in the side position (P<0.005). Obstructive apnea and hypopnea index (AHI) was similar in the three sleep-related positions, but apnea index (AI) was significantly greater (4.6 +/- 0.7/hr TST) in the supine position than in the side position (2.7 +/- 0.3/hr TST; P<0.001) or prone position (3.3 +/- 0.5/hr TST; P<0.01). Tonsillar size was not a contributing factor to positional differences in AI or AHI. Obese OSAS children had increased prone position (20.4 +/- 2.0%TST vs. non-obese: 10.9 +/- 2.5%TST; P<0.05), and displayed increased AHI and AI while supine. Non-obese OSAS increased AHI in prone or side positions compared to supine (P<0.01), with no significant differences in position-dependent AI. Children with OSAS spend more time sleeping supine and less time on the side. Obese children with OSAS are more likely to sleep prone, suggesting that this position may promote upper airway patency in the presence of obesity. Although tonsillar size is not associated with positional differences in breathing, the presence or absence of obesity markedly modifies the effect of body position on respiratory disturbance.     

缺血性脑卒中患者夜间睡眠呼吸紊乱的初筛调查

目的 初步研究脑梗死患者睡眠呼吸紊乱的患病情况。方法 对41例脑梗死患者进行睡眠呼吸初筛监测，比较脑梗死部位、范围大小、病史和症状对呼吸紊乱的影响。结果 呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）〉20次／h的脑梗死患者呼吸频率明显降低，与AHI≤20次／h组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），病史在1个月以内例数增多（P=0．043）。发病部位累及脑干的患者低通气指数（HI）明显增高（P=0．045）；病变范围较大以及出现吞咽、咽反射、言语、伸舌、意识、共济运动异常的患者呼吸紊乱明显较重。结论 新发脑梗死病变常伴有较严重的呼吸紊乱，累及脑干时低通气的发生明显增加，梗死范围越大呼吸紊乱程度越高，上气道周围组织功能异常是引起呼吸紊乱加重的重要因素。     

Effect of obesity and erect/supine posture on lateral cephalometry: relationship to sleep-disordered breathing.

Craniofacial and upper airway anatomy, obesity and posture may all play a role in compromising upper airway patency in patients with the sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity, facial structure and severity of sleep-disordered breathing using lateral cephalometric measurements and to assess the effect of body posture on cephalometric measurements of upper airway calibre variables in obese and non-obese subjects. Lateral cephalometry was carried out in erect and supine postures in 73 awake male subjects randomly selected from patients referred for polysomnography who had a wide range of apnoea/hypopnoea frequencies (1-131 events x h sleep(-1)). Subjects were divided into non-obese (body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg x m(-2); n=42) and obese (BMI > or = 30 kg x m(-2); n=31) groups. Significant but weak correlations were found between apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) and measurements reflecting upper airway dimensions: uvular protrusion-posterior pharyngeal wall (r=-0.26, p<0.05) and hyoid-posterior pharyngeal wall (r=0.26, p<0.05). Multiple regression using both upper airway dimensions improved the correlation to AHI (r=0.34, p=0.01). Obese subjects had greater hyoid-posterior pharyngeal wall distances than non-obese subjects, both erect (42+/-5 versus 39+/-4 mm, respectively (mean+/-SD) p<0.01) and supine (43+/-5 versus 40+/-4 mm, p<0.05). Skeletal craniofacial structure was similar in obese and non-obese subjects. In conclusion, measurements reflecting upper airway size were correlated with the severity of sleep-disordered breathing. Differences in upper airway size measurements between obese and non-obese subjects were independent of bony craniofacial structure.     

OSAHS患者咽部解剖与呼吸驱动的关系研究

目的 探讨OSAHS患者咽腔形态与呼吸驱动(p0.1)的关系.方法 随机选取OSAHS患者35例,进行仰卧位睡眠状态下呼吸驱动测定及螺旋CT扫描,针对轻度(AHI ＜20)、中重度(AHI＞ 20)两组患者进行研究.结果 睡眠状态下,①中重度组软腭长度,软腭厚度,颏舌肌宽度及舌体面积明显增加(P＜0.05),软腭后区最小气道面积明显减小(P＜0.05);②中重度组P0.1的下降更为明显(P＜0.05).③中重度组颏舌肌宽度与P0.1有明显负相关性(r=-0.574,P＜0.05).结论 睡眠状态下,咽腔狭窄程度与OSAHS病情相关,随着OSAHS患者病情加重,颏舌肌的代偿作用增加,当代偿到一定程度时出现呼吸驱动的降低.     

The effect of posture on upper airway dimensions in normal subjects and in patients with the sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome

The effect of posture on upper airway dimensions was assessed for two reasons. First, some patients with untreated sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) report they sleep better sitting upright. Second, to allow comparison of the differing techniques used to determine the site of maximal airway narrowing in awake patients with SAHS, as some are carried out in the erect and others in the supine posture. Lateral cephalometry was therefore carried out in 33 nonsnoring normal subjects and in 29 patients with obstructive SAHS (mean apneas plus hypopneas, 46 per hour; range, 17 to 103). In both normal subjects and patients, uvular width was increased (p less than 0.05) in the supine posture, and this was associated with significant narrowing of the retropalatal airway in the patients with SAHS (erect, 5.0 +/- SD 2.6 mm; supine, 3.6 +/- 2.8 mm; p less than 0.01). In both normal subjects and patients, the retroglossal hypopharynx widened (p less than 0.05) in the supine posture (e.g., in patients with SAHS, posterior airway space was: erect, 11.5 +/- 4.5 mm; supine, 13.4 +/- 4.8 mm; p = 0.003). In the supine posture there was anterior movement of the hyoid and neck flexion in both groups. However, a study of the effect of neck flexion in the erect posture showed that neck flexion produced no changes in airway caliber. Thus, posture is an important determinant of upper airway dimensions.     

Does sleep apnea increase the risk of myocardial infarct during sleep?]

Myocardial infarction shows a circadian pattern with a maximum in the early morning hours. In patients with sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD), it is assumed that apnea-associated changes of hemodynamics, blood gases, and rheology lead to a higher frequency of myocardial infarction during sleep. This investigation analyzes the circadian pattern of myocardial infarction in patients with and without SRBD. Within a time period of 20 months, 89 male patients with acute myocardial infarction were consecutively admitted to the intensive care unit. A nocturnal long-term registration of oxygen saturation, heart rate, breathing sounds, and body position by means of a 4-channel recording system (MESAM IV) was carried out in 59 of the 89 patients 6 to 10 days (evaluation I) and in 43 of 59 patients 22 to 28 days after infarction (evaluation II). Sleep apnea with a respiratory-disturbance-index (RDI > or = 10/h was found in 44.1/39.5% of the patients (evaluation I/II). In 22% of the patients, time of infarction was during a sleeping period. Patients with myocardial infarction during sleep had a clearly higher RDI in comparison to patients with a myocardial infarction during wakefulness (evaluation I: 22.7 versus 9.4/h; p = 0.08; evaluation II: 20.3 versus 7.3; p < 0.05). 53.6% of all myocardial infarctions occurred during the time period 5:00-11:00 a.m. Investigations in a larger number of patients are necessary to confirm these results as well as the relevance of sleep apnea as a cardiovascular risk factor.     

康复治疗对老年脑梗死急性期睡眠障碍患者动态血压的影响

目的探讨康复治疗对老年脑梗死急性期睡眠障碍患者动态血压的影响。方法选择265例老年脑梗死急性期患者进行匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评分,将其分为睡眠障碍组(PSQI评分>7分)167例和非睡眠障碍组(PSQI评分≤7分)98例,同时给予2组患者康复治疗,观察2组患者治疗前、后动态血压参数变化的情况及睡眠障碍组患者经康复治疗后PSQI评分的变化。结果睡眠障碍组患者康复治疗后,睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、昼间功能与康复前比较有显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2组患者康复治疗2周后,睡眠障碍组患者的24 h平均收缩压和舒张压、昼间平均舒张压、夜间平均收缩压和舒张压、24 h脉压、晨起收缩压和舒张压下降幅度与非睡眠障碍组患者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而2组患者昼间平均收缩压、昼间收缩压和舒张压变异、夜间收缩压和舒张压变异比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论康复治疗对改善患者睡眠质量,恢复老年脑梗死患者正常的血压昼夜节律具有重要意义。     

血清脂联素水平与急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块关系的研究

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性与血清脂联素水平的关系。方法选择113例首次发病的急性脑梗死患者为病例组和31例健康对照者为对照组,采用多普勒超声检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度及斑块。根据斑块的性质,将病例组分为无斑块组39例、稳定斑块组34例和不稳定斑块组40例。采取ELISA法检测脂联素水平并分析。结果病例组脂联素水平低于对照组(P<0.01)。病例组颈动脉硬化发生率、颈动脉斑块发生率、颈动脉狭窄发生率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。不稳定斑块组脂联素水平低于无斑块组、稳定斑块组和对照组(P<0.05)。稳定斑块组脂联素水平低于无斑块组和对照组(P<0.05)。无斑块组脂联素水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。病例组入院第14天脂联素水平仍高于入院48 h(P<0.05)。结论急性脑梗死患者脂联素的降低与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的存在及性质显著相关。     

Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and usually fatal lung disease of unknown etiology. The aim of this study was to describe clinical and polysomnographic features of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) and to identify predictors of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in IPF patients. Eight hundred fifty-seven patients with IPF were admitted to the Cleveland Clinic from 2001 to 2005. An all-night polysomnogram (PSG) was performed in 18 of them to investigate complaints suggestive of sleep-disordered breathing. OSA was confirmed in 11 of the 18 IPF patients with complaints suggestive of sleep apnea, while the remain 7 patients had a diagnosis of primary snoring or upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS). All patients showed a reduction in sleep efficiency, REM sleep, and slow wave sleep. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was positively correlated with body mass index (p < 0.0001, r = 0.80). The REM AHI and overall AHI were negatively correlated with FEV₁ (p = 0.008, r = −0.59 and p = 0.04, r = −0.49, respectively) and FVC percentages (p = 0.03, r = −0.50 and p = 0.08, r = −0.42, respectively). Our study is the first describing SRBD in IPF patients. An increased BMI and a significant impairment in pulmonary function testing may be predictors of OSA in this population. In the absence of effective treatments for IPF, the diagnosis and treatment of comorbid SRBD may lead to improvements in quality of life.     

他汀类药物预治疗对老年急性脑梗死患者预后影响的研究

目的探讨他汀类药物预治疗对老年急性脑梗死患者预后的影响。方法选择首发或无明显遗留症状的再发急性脑梗死患者370例,依据发病前是否规律服用他汀类药物将患者分为他汀预治疗组(他汀组)132例和非他汀组238例,比较2组患者血管病危险因素、脑梗死严重程度、发病后2周的预后良好比例、死亡比例及并发症情况,采用logistic回归分析可能与脑梗死早期预后相关的危险因素。结果他汀组患者糖尿病、冠心病、高脂血症、外周血管疾病、颅内外血管狭窄、预后良好比例明显高于非他汀组(P<0.01)。2组患者高血压、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分、并发症及死亡比例差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,脑梗死早期预后与服用他汀类药物相关(P<0.01)。结论他汀类药物预治疗能够改善老年急性脑梗死的早期预后。