两种粘弹剂对小切口白内障术后眼压的影响

目的 评价分散粘弹剂羟丙甲基纤维素(20g·L~(-1))及硫酸软骨素钠-透明质酸钠(30g·L~(-1))对小切口双侧白内障摘出术后眼压的影响。方法 老年性白内障患者20例40眼,全部进行小切口双侧白内障手术。于一眼白内障手术时随机选择1种粘弹剂,另眼时给予另1种粘弹剂。手术采用角膜缘反眉弓切口,长5mm,切开后环形撕囊,水分离,碎核刀碎核,晶状体圈娩出晶状体核,冲洗皮质。然后植入后房型聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯人工晶状体,不缝合。术前测眼压,术后6、24h及1周各测眼压1次。结果 术后6h羟丙甲基纤维素组眼压升高(3.8±5.0)mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg,P<0.001),硫酸软骨素钠-透明质酸钠组升高(7.7±7.6)mmHg(P<0.001),硫酸软骨素钠-透明质酸钠组眼压升高比羟丙甲基纤维素组明显(P=0.008)。眼压>30mmHg羟丙甲基纤维素组1眼、硫酸软骨素钠-透明质酸钠组5眼(P<0.05)。术后24h及术后1周平均眼内压无明显差异。结论 研究结果表明,硫酸软骨素钠-透明质酸钠在小切口白内障早期引起的眼压升高比羟丙甲基纤维素更明显。     

白内障超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入术后24小时眼压变化的临床分析

目的分析白内障超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入术后24h眼压变化。方法选取125例（140只眼）进行白内障超声乳化吸出植入折叠式人工晶状体术患者,术中无并发症,在术前、术后4～8h、术后24h测眼压进行观察和分析。结果术后4～8h为眼压升高峰值期,眼压升高发生率为32.14%,眼压≥24mmHg为10.71%,最高值可达到40mmHg,术后24h后眼压逐渐下降。结论术后眼压的变化与粘弹剂的应用、核硬度及超声能量等因素有关。要重视白内障超声乳化术后早期眼压的监测,特别是术后4～8h的眼压测量。术中应该注意选择优质的粘弹剂或者合理的结合使用,并早期进行眼压观察。     

超声乳化人工晶状体植入术后眼压的观察

目的探讨晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入术后早期的眼压变化及术中、术后用药对术后早期的眼压变化影响。方法本组病例均为我院行晶状体超声乳化白内障吸出人工晶状体植入术的住院患者,60例,分4组进行研究。对4组病例于术前、术后2h、4h6、h、8h、10h、12h1、4h2、4h及36h进行眼压测量,并进行组间对比。结果晶状体超声乳化白内障吸出人工晶状体植入术后早期眼压有不同程度升高,术中用缩瞳剂可使术后眼压下降,但仍明显高于术前;术后用醋氮酰胺也可使眼压下降。但在用缩瞳剂后,醋氮酰胺降眼压作用被缩瞳剂的作用所掩盖。术后早期(2小时后)眼压升高,于12小时达高峰,以后眼压逐渐下降,24~36小时已降至术前水平。结论晶状体超声乳化的白内障吸出人工晶状体植入术时术中应使用小量缩瞳剂,术后口服醋氮酰胺,这样可以有效的控制术后眼压。     

超声乳化术后高眼压自原辅助切口放液的观察

目的探讨晶状体超声乳化术后高眼压自角膜缘原辅助切口放液的效果。方法对晶状体超声乳化术后4h、16h眼压〉28mmHg的54眼采取降眼压措施：放液组表麻后,在裂隙灯显微镜下以5 1/2号针头轻压角膜辅助切口后唇,房二水缓慢溢出,眼压一般控制存10mmHg左右（即前房中轴2个CT）为宜;药物组局部滴0．5％噻吗洛尔,口服醋甲唑胺片,静脉滴注20％甘露醇。结果放液组在1～2d内眼压被控制到正常;药物组则需2～4d才完全被控制。放液组术后4～6h眼压升高与有效超声时间（E胛）有关,Spearman相关系数为0．641,P〈0．01;药物组Spearman相关系数为0．497,P〈0．01,差异均有统计学意义。结论品状体超声乳化术后高眼压经原角膜辅助切口放液是一种便捷、安全有效的方法。     

兔眼超声乳化术黏弹剂残留对眼压影响的研究

目的探讨不同黏弹剂相同残留量及同一黏弹剂不同残留量兔眼晶状体超声乳化术后眼压的变化。方法兔63只（126只眼），随机分为9组，行透明角膜缘切口晶状体超声乳化术。黏弹剂残留量0．05mL及0．1mL。于麻醉前及术后24h内各时间点测量眼压并进行统计学分析。于眼压高峰期及术后24h取病理标本进行观察。结果不同黏弹剂相同残留量引起术后早期眼压升高不同，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。相同黏弹剂残留量越大，术后早期眼压升高越明显，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。病理学观察显示，黏弹剂残留组于术后眼压升高期前房角组织内可见黏弹剂残留，早期视网膜神经节细胞受损害。结论兔眼晶状体超声乳化术中使用不同黏弹剂，术后24小时眼压升高发生率不同，黏弹剂残留对术后眼压升高影响更大。     

高度近视与白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入术后眼压变化相关性的研究

目的研究高度近视对白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入术后眼压的影响。方法超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入手术的住院患者120例(150只眼),排除有明显影响眼压各种因素,按眼轴长度分为高度近视(HM)组、低度近视(LM)组、非近视(NM)组。术前及术后24、48、72、96、120 h进行眼压测量。并进行两因素方差分析,t检验。结果 3组间(P<0.001)及不同时间点间(P<0.001)平均眼压差别均有高度统计学意义。术前、术后各时间点,HM组平均眼压均高于LM组和NM组,术后24 h眼压升高率为54.16%,明显高于LM组的28%和NM组的22.58%(P<0.001)差别有高度统计学意义。结论高度近视是导致白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入术后眼压升高的重要因素,这种影响与近视程度正相关;对于有近视的白内障患者进行超声乳化手术前后须评价其眼压,术后眼压升高特别是眼压≥30 mm Hg或眼压持续升高48 h以上者,待手术恢复后应作青光眼排查。     

超声乳化术中不同粘弹剂(Viscoat和透明质酸钠)对角膜内皮细胞的影响

目的　比较两种粘弹性物质Viscoat和透明质酸钠在白内障超声乳化手术中对角膜内皮的影响。方法　老年性白内障 49人 68眼 ,其中透明质酸钠组 2 5人 3 4眼 ,Viscoat组 2 4人 3 4眼 ,两组患者无内眼病史、眼外伤及眼内手术史 ,无糖尿病等全身疾病史。采用超声乳化术摘出白内障同时植入折叠性人工晶体 ,术前术后用非接触型角膜内皮显微镜观察测量角膜内皮细胞密度。结果　二组一般情况包括年龄 ,晶体核硬度及超声能量与时间的乘积无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;透明质酸钠组术前和术后的角膜内皮细胞丢失率为 15 % ,经统计学处理有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 )。Viscoat组术前和术后的角膜内皮细胞丢失率为 9% ,经统计学处理没有显普性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　在白内障超声乳化手术中粘弹剂Viscoat对角膜内皮细胞的保护能力强于透明质酸钠     

超声乳化能量、时间与眼压的关系及辅助切口放液治疗术后高眼压的临床研究

目的探讨白内障超声乳化吸除术中超声能量、时间与术后早期眼压升高的关系,评价角膜缘辅助切口放液治疗术后早期高眼压的效果。方法年龄相关性白内障患者101例144眼随机分为软性人工晶状体(intraocularlens,IOL)植入组(简称软性IOL)和硬性人工晶状体植入组(简称硬性IOL组),又根据术后处理高眼压的方法不同分为辅助切口放液组(36眼)和药物治疗组(36眼),用Goldmann压平式眼压计测量术前、术后4—6h、术后24h各组眼压值。记录术中平均超声能量和超声时间,计算有效超声时间(effectiVephacotime,EPT)和眼压升高的百分数,用spearman等级相关估计眼压升高的百分率和EPT的关系。辅助切口放液组为结膜囊内滴表面麻醉剂后在裂隙灯显微镜下用一次性针头轻压角膜缘辅助切口后唇放出部分房水,比较与药物治疗组控制眼压的效果。结果软性IOL眼压升高与EPT分别是(55.11±74.17)%和6.61±3.71s,spearman等级相关系数为0.636,p<0.05;硬性IOL则是(42.32±68.92)%和4.61±3.10s,spearman等级相关系数为0.508,p<0.05。辅助切口放液组24h内眼压全部控制在正常,药物组需要3-4天完全控制眼压。结论白内障超声乳化吸除术中超声能量、时间与术后早期眼压升高具有相关性,角膜缘辅助切口放液治疗术后高眼压简单、安全、有效。     

白内障超乳联合房角分离术治疗闭角型青光眼

目的　观察晶状体超声乳化吸出联合房角分离术治疗合并有白内障的闭角型青光眼的效果。方法　回顾分析2 0 0 1年 1月～ 2 0 0 4年 4月 ,2 4例 2 7眼合并晶状体浑浊的急性及慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障行透明角膜切口晶状体超声乳化吸出、后房型折叠式人工晶状体植入术联合房角分离术。观察手术前、后视力和眼压。UBM及前房角镜观察手术前后的前房角粘连范围和前房深度的变化。随访 2月至 3年 ,平均 2 4月。结果　术后随访 2 5眼 (92 5 9% )最佳矫正视力比术前明显提高 ,最终眼压较术前明显降低。中央前房深度较术前增加。 2 0眼 (74 0 7% )术后前房角全开放。结论　超声乳化吸出、后房人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术能使此类患者降低眼压、加深前房、开放房角和提高视力。     

超声乳化晶状体摘出在老年性慢性闭角型青光眼中的应用

目的　研究单纯超声乳化晶状体摘出术对老年性原发性闭角型青光眼 (SPACG)的治疗作用。方法　 13 0眼行晶状体超声乳化手术 ,分为A、B、C、D 4组。A组 78眼为非青光眼白内障 ,B组 15眼为闭角型青光眼滤过手术后眼压正常的并发白内障 ,C组 2 2眼为SPACG行单纯晶状体超声乳化手术 ,D组 15眼SPACG行超声乳化晶状体摘出联合穿透性小梁切除术。术前及术后 1～ 6个月分别测量眼压和前房深度并记录SPACG患者用药指数的改变。结果　超声乳化晶状体摘出后 ,各组前房深度均有明显增加 ,同时伴有眼压下降。A、B、C、D 4组中眼压 (mmHg)下降分别为 (术前 /术后 ) 15 4± 3 7/12 5± 3 0 (P <0 0 1) ,15 2± 2 4/ 10 7± 1 9(P <0 0 1) ,2 1 2± 4 5 / 13 4± 3 0 (P <0 0 1)和 2 7 0± 5 8/ 14 8± 7 8(P <0 0 1) ;前房深度 (mm)的改变分别为 (术前 /术后 ) 2 75± 0 60 / 3 5 8± 0 2 7(P <0 0 1) ,1 84± 0 5 1/ 3 48± 0 3 7(P <0 0 1) ,2 2 0± 0 3 0 /3 3 0± 0 40 (P <0 0 1)和 2 40± 0 40 / 3 40± 0 40 (P <0 0 5 ) ;术后浅前房的发生率B组和C组分为 0 / 15和 0 / 2 2 ,D组为 3 / 15。结论　对于老年性白内障以及闭角型青光眼术后眼压已正常的并发性白内障 ,超声乳化手     

Long-term effect of cataract surgery on intraocular pressure after trabeculectomy: extracapsular extraction versus phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation on long-term intraocular pressure (IOP) control in glaucoma patients who had previous trabeculectomy with the effect on IOP control in similar patients after extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with IOL implantation. SETTING: Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford, England. METHODS: Twenty-eight consecutive patients who had phacoemulsification with IOL implantation (phaco group) at least 3 months after trabeculectomy were identified from hospital records, and 28 patients who had ECCE with IOL implantation (ECCE group) were matched retrospectively to the phaco group with respect to age, sex, diagnosis, and IOP. In both groups, the IOP before cataract extraction was compared with the IOP at intervals up to 2 years after cataract extraction. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. RESULTS: The mean IOP in the phaco group did not differ significantly from the mean IOP before cataract extraction at any interval. Twelve months after cataract extraction, the mean IOP in the ECCE group was significantly higher than preoperatively (P =.01); however, the mean IOP did not differ between groups over time (P =.704). There was significantly better long-term IOP control in the phaco group as determined by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the log-rank test (P =.038). CONCLUSION: After trabeculectomy, phacoemulsification provided better long-term IOP control than ECCE; however, the mean IOP was not significantly lower.     

Efficacy of brimonidine 0.2% in controlling acute postoperative intraocular pressure elevation after phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of brimonidine tartrate 0.2% drops given 2 times a day in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes during the first 24 hours after phacoemulsification cataract surgery. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Patras Agios Andreas, Patras, Greece. METHODS: In this prospective double-blind placebo-controlled study, 1 eye of 40 consecutive normotensive cataract patients having small-incision cataract surgery was randomized into 1 of 2 treatment arms. Twenty patients received a placebo (artificial tears) and 20 patients received brimonidine tartrate 0.2% drops 2 times a day the day before and the day of surgery. Diurnal IOP variation was the primary efficacy variable; IOP was measured at baseline, before surgery, and 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: The placebo group had higher IOPs at every time point after surgery. Peak elevation of IOP occurred 6 hours after surgery. The mean IOP in the placebo group (27.71 mm Hg +/- 3.75 [SD]) was statistically significantly higher than in the brimonidine group (21.45 +/- 1.32 mm Hg) (P<.001). A major IOP rise (>/=20 mm Hg above baseline IOP) occurred in 1 patient (5%) in the placebo group who required emergency hypotensive therapy. Twenty-four hours after surgery, 11 eyes (55%) in the brimonidine group and 4 eyes (20%) in the placebo group had an IOP lower than baseline. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic treatment with brimonidine tartrate 0.2% 2 times a day for 2 days was effective in reducing IOP peaks throughout the first 24 hours after phacoemulsification surgery.     

Effect of bimatoprost on intraocular pressure after cataract surgery

Background: An increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) frequently occurs after otherwise uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of bimatoprost 0.03% drops given preoperatively in preventing IOP rise following phacoemulsification cataract surgery.Methods: In this prospective, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study, 91 eyes of 85 patients scheduled to have clear corneal phacoemulsification cataract surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups. One hour before surgery, 1 group (48 eyes) received 1 drop of bimatoprost 0.03%, and the other group (43 eyes) received 1 drop of a balanced saline solution (placebo). A masked observer measured IOP preoperatively, and 3 and 24 hours postoperatively. Anterior chamber cellular reaction was measured on the first day after surgery. Preoperative and postoperative central corneal thickness (CCT) was assessed.Results: The mean IOP changes from baseline were not statistically different between the 2 groups at 3 hours (p = 0.618). At 24 hours, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean IOP changes of the groups (p = 0.001). The incidence of IOP elevation greater than 5 or 10 mm Hg at 24 hours was significantly higher in the control group (9 of 43 eyes) than the bimatoprost group (3 of 48 eyes) (p = 0.039). Anterior chamber reaction was not increased by bimatoprost. Mean CCT change was not different between the groups at 24 hours (p = 0.615).Interpretation: When compared with placebo, prophylactic use of 1 drop of bimatoprost before phacoemulsification cataract surgery failed to produce a significantly different effect on IOP levels from placebo at 3 hours postoperatively, but it caused a significant IOP reduction at 24 hours.     

Same-day versus first-day review of intraocular pressure after uneventful phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: To compare the incidence and the spectrum of postoperative complications detected when the intraocular pressure (IOP) is reviewed 4 to 6 hours or the day after uneventful phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. SETTING: Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom. METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 141 patients who had uneventful phacoemulsification and IOL implantation under regional (peribulbar/topical) or general anesthesia. Postoperative evaluation of the patients was performed by an ophthalmologist using a standard form at 4 to 6 hours or 24 hours. RESULTS: The mean IOP at 4 to 6 hours and 24 hours was 22.85 mm Hg +/- 9.56 (SD) and 19.44 +/- 7.04 mm Hg, respectively. The IOP was more likely to be greater than 30 mm Hg when measured on the same day, resulting in a significantly higher intervention rate than on the first day (P =.037). The best corrected visual acuity was significantly better at 24 hours than at the same-day review (P <.001). There was no significant difference in the extent of anterior chamber activity, patient comfort, or state of the wound between the same- or next-day follow-up. All patients attended a follow-up appointment 3 weeks after surgery, had an IOP of 21 mm Hg or less, and were subsequently discharged. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that moderate IOP spikes (<40 mm Hg) can be left untreated if they are not associated with corneal edema or patient discomfort as they decline spontaneously. Before they are discharged, patients with compromised optic discs or predisposed to retinal or optic nerve pathology should be carefully evaluated the day after surgery to treat IOP elevations.     

Intraocular pressure changes and the implications on patient review after phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: To determine the pattern of intraocular pressure (IOP) change postoperatively and its bearing on the timing of postoperative review. SETTING: Ophthalmology department of a district general hospital, Northamptonshire, England. METHODS: One hundred eyes of 100 consecutive patients having uneventful phacoemulsification were included in this study. The IOP was measured preoperatively and 2 hours, 1 day, and 1 week postoperatively. The IOP readings were statistically analyzed using the Fisher exact probability test. RESULTS: From 1 week before surgery, there was a mean rise in IOP of 8.14 mm Hg 2 hours after surgery followed by a mean fall of 5.18 mm Hg at 24 hours (next-day review). The mean fall in IOP at 1 week was 2.94 mm Hg. Ten percent of patients had an IOP greater than or equal to 35 mm Hg 2 hours postoperatively and required oral IOP-lowering agents. All patients had an IOP lower than 35 mm Hg at the next-day review. At 1 day, 18.6% of patients had a higher IOP than at 2 hours; however, the mean IOP was 21.39 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: The results show it is safe to review patients 2 hours after uneventful phacoemulsification and omit the next-day review. This enhances patient acceptance of true day-case cataract surgery as it eliminates the need for an inpatient stay and transport on the following day. It also improves utilization of hospital resources. A larger study will help confirm the conclusions of this study.     

激素和非甾体类抗炎药在白内障术后联合使用的临床研究

目的　比较超声乳化白内障吸除术后单纯典必殊眼水 (地塞米松加妥布霉素 )和典必殊减量使用加普南扑灵眼水 (普拉洛芬 )的术后炎症反应 ,以探讨激素和非甾体类抗炎药联合使用在白内障术后应用的价值。方法　采用随机对照的方法 ,将术中无并发症的 12 0只眼分为两组 ,每组 60眼。试验组 :典必殊眼水和普南扑灵合用一周 ,以后普南扑灵单独使用三周。对照组 :典必殊眼水使用四周。分别于术后不同时间观察随访症状、体征、房水闪辉和细胞 ,并测量眼压。结果　两组的术后症状和体征综合得分无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;房水闪辉除术后 14天无显著性差异外 (P >0 0 5 ) ,其余均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,试验组比对照组闪辉值低 ;房水细胞在术后 3 0天有统计学差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,此前 ,两组的前房细胞未见统计学差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;在术后两周和一月时 ,对照组的眼压比术前有所增加 ,而试验组则轻微降低 ,且有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　无并发症的超声乳化吸除术术后应用激素加非甾体类抗炎药比单纯激素抗炎作用相当甚至更好 ,避免了长期使用激素眼水引起的眼压增高等副作用 ,术后应用非甾体类抗炎药联合激素是一种较好的用药方式     

Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation after trabeculectomy

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, using a superior clear-corneal incision, on the long-term intraocular pressure (IOP) control in patients who have undergone previous trabeculectomy. METHODS: Twenty-eight consecutive patients who underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implantation (phaco group) at least 3 months after trabeculectomy were identified and matched to 28 patients who underwent trabeculectomy only (trabeculectomy-only group) with respect to age, gender, IOP, and duration of follow-up. The mean IOP was compared 1 and 2 years after phacoemulsification, and the surgical success rate in each group was determined by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: The mean IOP 1 year after cataract surgery was significantly higher ( = 0.025) in the phaco group (15.6 +/- 3.5 mm Hg) than in the trabeculectomy-only group (13.4 +/- 2.5 mm Hg), but at 2 years the difference was not statistically significant (15.3 +/- 3.1 mm Hg in the phaco group compared with 14.3 +/- 3.2 mm Hg in the trabeculectomy-only group; = 0.35). Two years after surgery, 5 of 28 patients in the phaco group and 1 of 28 patients in the trabeculectomy-only group had commenced or were using additional topical medication ( = 0.089). If the introduction of glaucoma medication was considered a "failure," then the IOP control was significantly better in the trabeculectomy-only group using two different criteria for surgical failure. CONCLUSION: Although phacoemulsification and IOL implantation through a superior clear-corneal incision have little effect on mean IOP in a group of patients who have undergone previous trabeculectomy, this procedure may jeopardize the long-term IOP control in individual patients.     

Comparison of ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% and loteprednol etabonate 0.5% for inflammation after phacoemulsification: prospective randomized double-masked study.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of a topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent (ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution 0.5%) and a topical steroid (loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension 0.5%) in controlling inflammation after cataract surgery. SETTING: Magill Research Center for Vision Correction, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. METHODS: Sixty patients were prospectively and randomly assigned to receive topical treatment with ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution 0.5% or loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension 0.5% starting the day after routine phacoemulsification for cataract extraction. Both patient and investigator were masked to treatment. All patients had uneventful small-incision phacoemulsification with placement of a foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL). Patients used 1 of the 2 antiinflammatory agents 4 times a day starting 24 hours after surgery. Signs and symptoms of inflammation as documented by external slitlamp examination, intraocular pressure (IOP), and Kowa cell and flare measurements were evaluated on postoperative days 1, 4, 7, and 30. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in any measurement of postoperative inflammation between the 2 groups. There was no difference in objective or subjective cell and flare measurements or in IOP between groups. No patient in either group was removed from the study for lack of treatment efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution 0.5% was as effective as loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension 0.5% in reducing inflammation after routine phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. These results suggest that ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% is a safe and effective antiinflammatory alternative to steroids after cataract extraction.