Subperiosteal transblepharoplasty forehead lift

Contemporary options for correction of the aging upper one-third of the face include open techniques with a coronal or anterior hairline incision, endoscopic access to the forehead including muscle transection, brow lift through direct forehead skin excision and various forms of brow-pexies. Realizing the common need for aesthetic improvement in the upper eyelids and desiring minimal incisions for forehead rejuvenation, an approach through the blepharoplasty incision has been developed which addresses all of the components of the aging upper third of the face: A combined subperiosteal approach for forehead elevation and transection of corrugator and procerus muscles through the blepharoplasty incision is presented. The postoperative improvements in the position of the brow as well as improvement in the glabellar area rivals other approaches and allows simultaneous improvement in upper eyelid aesthetics.Presented at the Annual Meeting of The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, Inc., March 1995 and at the 13th International Congress of The International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, September 1995     

皱眉肌与降眉肌的临床解剖学研究

目的　为鼻额部除皱提供解剖学依据。方法　对14例成人男性尸体头部标本,进行了大体及显微解剖。结果　皱眉肌分为横向型、斜向型、斜向分束型,以斜向型为主。该肌起点恒定,止点变化大,轮廓清楚,降眉肌起于鼻骨与鼻外侧软骨连接处以上,止于两眉内侧的水平线。结论　通过观察弄清了鼻额部深层的皱眉肌和降眉肌的形态及其与血管神经的关系。     

乳晕径路腔镜甲状腺手术的临床应用

目的探讨乳晕径路腔镜甲状腺手术的可行性和优点。方法2002年8月~2005年5月,采用胸部乳晕径路行腔镜甲状腺手术113例。术前诊断甲状腺腺瘤46例,结节性甲状腺肿62例,甲状腺功能亢进5例。结果成功完成手术112例,1例因出血中转开放手术。肿瘤大小为0.8~7 cm,(2.3±1.6)cm,手术时间50~310 m in,(136.7±58.0)m in,包括冰冻病理检查时间(30~40 m in)。术中出血量为10~200 m l,(42.5±62.7)m l,术后引流量为15~310 m l,(87.1±78.1)m l,术后恢复活动时间1~4 d,(2.2±0.9)d,术后住院时间为2~9 d(5.5±1.9)d。术后用镇痛药18例。并发症6例,其中2例喉返神经损伤,1例喉上神经损伤,1例术后出血,1例低血钙,1例术后甲亢复发。术后病理为甲状腺腺瘤43例,结节性甲状腺肿58例,甲状腺功能亢进5例,甲状腺癌3例,桥本甲状腺炎4例。结论乳晕径路腔镜甲状腺手术是一种安全可行的手术方法,对合适的病例可以作为首选方法。     

胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺切除术51例

目的：探讨胸乳入路腔镜下甲状腺手术的临床应用价值。方法我科自2010年3月至2013年4月完成胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺切除术51例,其中甲状腺腺瘤22例,结节性甲状腺肿29例。结果51例手术均取得成功,其中一侧腺叶部分切除术22例,一侧次全切除术23例,一侧次全切除另侧部分切除术4例,双侧次全切2例。无喉返神经、喉上神经损伤、无甲状旁腺损伤。手术时间60~120 min,出血量5~20 ml。颈部皮肤瘀斑8例,未予特殊处理,出院后两周自行吸收。皮下气肿15例,经过挤压、负压吸引痊愈。切口渗出较多、脂肪液化2例,经过局部引流、压迫在一周内痊愈。手术区域巨大血肿1例,术后4 h 再次局部麻醉下从胸部切口吸引清除,加置1根引流管,压迫止血后痊愈。51例随访6~24个月,无复发,所有患者对美体效果满意。结论胸乳入路腔镜下甲状腺切除术是治疗良性甲状腺疾病的一种很好的选择,颈部无痕的美容效果受到部分患者的欢迎,值得临床推广;但由于颈部解剖复杂,血管、神经变异较多,内镜下操作空间小,操作具有相当的难度,因此在开展初期应该选择合适的病例,循序渐进,逐步扩大手术适应证。     

皱眉肌与降眉肌的临床解剖学研究

目的　为鼻额部除皱提供解剖学依据。方法　对 14例成人男性尸体头部标本 ,进行了大体及显微解剖。结果　皱眉肌分为横向型、斜向型、斜向分束型 ,以斜向型为主。该肌起点恒定 ,止点变化大 ,轮廓清楚 ,降眉肌起于鼻骨与鼻外侧软骨连接处以上 ,止于两眉内侧的水平线。结论　通过观察弄清了鼻额部深层的皱眉肌和降眉肌的形态及其与血管神经的关系。     

Endoscopic transaxillary approach to the thyroid gland: our early experience

Background Thyroid nodules are a common occurrence in clinical practice today. Most nodules are benign and can be managed nonoperatively with careful medical follow-up. However surgical extirpation occasionally becomes necessary to exclude a malignant neoplastic process. Although the majority of surgically excised thyroid lesions are histologically benign, patients are traditionally left with a permanent transverse surgical scar in a highly visible area of the neck. Materials and Methods From August 2003 to August 2005, we performed a transaxillary endoscopic thyroid lobectomy with isthmectomy in 32 patients. We used a 3-port technique with 5-mm trocars and surgical instrumentation. A 5-mm 45-degree angled endoscope was used for visualization during the procedure. The CO₂ insufflation pressure was set to 6–8 mmHg, and dissection was carried out using a 5-mm harmonic scalpel (Ethicon Endo-Surgery™). Results All patients underwent successful completion of thyroid lobectomy and isthmectomy. No conversion to open operation was required in this series. The mean operating time was 138.5 min, and the mean blood loss was 36.4 ml. The recurrent laryngeal nerve was identified in each case, and there was no permanent injury to this structure. There were two cases of temporary hoarseness that resolved spontaneously. One patient in this series had to be returned to the operating room for evacuation of a postoperative hematoma from an active bleeding vessel on the surface of the pectoralis major muscle. All patients were discharged on the first postoperative day. Conclusions Transaxillary endoscopic thyroidectomy is a safe and feasible alternative to the traditional open surgical approach in select patients requiring surgical removal of the thyroid gland. The resultant improved cosmetic outcome and enhanced operative visualization may offer a practicable alternative for select patients requiring surgical removal of the thyroid gland.     

经乳晕和经锁骨下二种途径的腔镜甲状腺手术比较

目的探讨经乳晕途径和经锁骨下途径的腔镜甲状腺手术的方法并比较其优缺点。方法采用经乳晕和经锁骨下途径的术式分别对12例和10例患者进行手术。结果经乳晕途径术式：12例结节均为单发,大小平均1．8cm;10例腔镜手术成功,2例中转;手术时间平均115min。出血量平均63ml。经锁骨下途径术式：9例为单发结节,1例为2个结节;大小平均4．2cm,腔镜手术均成功;手术时间平均85min;出血量平均66ml。22例患者均无并发症,对术后美容效果满意。二种术式在手术时间和肿瘤大小方面的差异具有统计学意义。结论经锁骨下途径术式适合较大肿瘤,其成功率高,创伤程度小于经乳晕途径术式,免充气且对腔镜技术和手术器械要求不高。     

射频手术机器辅助内窥镜骨膜下额颞部除皱术

目的探讨射频手术机器在内窥镜骨膜下额颞部除皱术中的应用。方法常规内窥镜骨膜下额颞部除皱术中,应用射频手术机器切割及凝固电极行骨膜下剥离,尤其是眶周和额颞移行区充分分离,仔细分离切割皱眉肌、降眉肌及部分额肌,松弛皮肤钛钉固定于颅骨外板。结果本组10例均获得满意效果。结论射频手术机器辅助内窥镜骨膜下额颞部除皱术,能准确分离切割额颞部肌肉,除皱效果确切、持久。     

面神经的角神经解剖学研究

目的 了解面神经的角神经解剖位置,为皱眉肌、降眉肌及降眉间肌去神经化手术寻找最佳入路提供安全保证.方法 对10具(20侧)成人新鲜尸头标本行甲醛血管灌注固定后.在10倍手术放大镜下显微解剖,寻找面神经颧支与颊支的分支,确定角神经,观察其与周围血管的位置关系,并追踪角神经到皱眉肌、降眉肌及降眉间肌的入肌点,照像留存.结果 ①按照角神经的形成及分支将角神经分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型.颊支形成复杂的吻合网后又开始形成集中向内眦方向走行,形成单一的角神经,并接收从眼轮匝肌中穿出的颧支,称为角神经Ⅰ型(20%,4/20侧);颊支吻合网与颧支吻合网在"四肌间隙"中形成1支角神经,称角神经Ⅱ型(20%,4/20侧);在"四肌间隙"中形成角神经为上下2支时,称为角神经Ⅲ型(60%,12/20侧).②3种类型的角神经在下眶部都走行于眼轮匝肌支持韧带的下方,在内眦部走行于眼轮匝肌支持韧带的内侧,并与内眦血管伴行.③角神经在内眦韧带水平上方2.19～4.28 mm即有分支进入降眉肌或降眉间肌.角神经有反折支进入上唇鼻翼提肌,最上入肌点距内眦角下方垂直距离为6.89～9.38 mm.结论 在内眦水平线上方2.19 mm至下方6.89 mm的范围内、眼轮匝肌支持韧带的内侧,对角神经进行失神经手术,是最佳的手术入路.     

Endoscopic endonasal approach to the ethmoidal planum: anatomic study

The endoscopic endonasal technique is currently used by otolaryngologists for the management of different extradural lesions located below the ethmoidal planum. The cooperation between ENTs and neurosurgeons has recently pushed the use of such approach also in the removal of some intradural lesions, which has promoted the interest for an anatomic study to identify the anatomical landmarks and the dangerous points during the endoscopic approach to this area. In six fresh cadaver heads, unilateral and bilateral measurements between the main landmarks of the approach were performed by means of an endoscopic endonasal approach. A wide exposure of the midline anterior skull base was realized. The maximum of lateral extension was obtained between the two medial orbital walls, at the middle of the cribriform plate (mean distance 25,33 mm), while the mean distance between the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries at the level of the lamina papyracea was 16 mm. The endoscopic endonasal route can be considered a minimally invasive technique to approach the ethmoidal planum. It requires adequate anatomical knowledge and endoscopic skill for its realization. Due to the wide window realizable through this corridor, it could be considered in selected cases for the removal of intradural lesions such as meningiomas or estesioneuroblastomas.     

头侧入路的内镜下全腹膜外疝修补术治疗原发性腹壁疝的临床研究

目的探讨治疗原发性腹壁疝的微创新方法——头侧入路的内镜下全腹膜外疝修补术（TEA）的临床效果。 方法回顾性分析2019年11月至2020年1月,南方医科大学附属何贤纪念医院患者2例,河南中医药大学第一附属医院患者1例,河南省商丘市睢县中医院患者2例,郑州市第七人民医院患者1例,共6例接受头侧入路的TEA手术的原发性脐疝患者的临床资料。阐述手术操作流程及技术细节,分析其可行性和有效性。 结果6例患者术中均成功分离中上腹腹膜外空间并置入大张网片加强修复脐疝缺损,手术均获得成功,无中转开放手术。平均手术时间164 min（120～240 min）。术后伤口疼痛较轻,且术后第1天平均疼痛视觉模拟评分2.2分（2～3分）。术后平均住院时间2.2 d（2～3 d）。术后1例出现脐部少量血清肿,观察后自愈,未影响手术效果。术后随访时间6～15周,未发现复发患者。 结论头侧入路的TEA术式是安全可行的,可作为治疗中线原发性腹壁疝的一个选择,同时也是对TEA术式的一个补充。此术式扩大了TEA技术的适应证,避免了腹腔内置片修补术的弊端,值得向经验丰富的腔镜疝外科医师有限度推广。     

Endoscopic Transaxillary Capsulectomy

Background Traditionally, breast implant extraction and capsulectomy have been performed using a transareolar approach. However, this approach is not acceptable to Chinese patients because of the additional scar formation. The authors present their experience with capsulectomy using transaxillary endoscopic assistance without the need for an additional incision. Methods The former transaxillary incisional scar for augmentation mammoplasty is used. Blunt dissection is performed to the outer surface of the fibrous capsule. A 30°, 10-mm endoscope is placed through the axillary incision to dissect the outer surface of the capsule. After this is finished, the capsule is cauterized open, and extraction is completed. Transaxillary capsulectomy is performed under endoscopic control. Results From 2003 to 2005, a total of 30 breasts involving 15 patients were treated. The follow-up period was 4 to 6 months, with favorable results. No scar was left on the breast, and no additional scar was made. No liquid accumulation was identified. Conclusions Endoscopic transaxillary capsulectomy can be completed through the axillary incision. The technique successfully removed the fibrous capsule, eliminated the needed for an incision on the breast, and created an incision far from the breast for completion of the procedure.     

Endoscopic endonasal infrasellar approach to the sellar and suprasellar regions: technical note

We report a technical variation of the endoscopic endonasal approach to the sellar and suprasellar regions which relies on the use of a 45-degree angled endoscope. The so-called "infrasellar approach" aims at excising lesions situated within the intermediate and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland without damaging the anterior lobe, thus potentially minimizing endocrinological morbidity. In this regard the endoscopic infrasellar approach might be advantageous in selected cases when compared with the traditional transsphenoidal approach with the microscope. We describe the technique and illustrate it with representative clinical cases.     

Endoscopic transaxillary subpectoral augmentation mammaplasty: a safe and predictable procedure.

During the last decades breast augmentation has gained worldwide acceptance. In addition to the inframammary and periareolar approach for augmentation mammaplasty, the transaxillary route provides an elegant means of retaining the integrity of the breast mound by avoiding visible scars. Due to concerns as to the safety of this technique we analysed 47 patients who underwent endoscopy-assisted transaxillary submuscular augmentation mammaplasty in our department from 1999 to 2004. The inclusion criteria were aesthetic breast augmentation due to breast hypoplasia. Patients with a history of breast cancer, other malignancies, or previously performed mastectomy were excluded. Procedures for tuberous breast deformity as well as concomitantly performed mastopexy were also excluded. No complications were observed impairing final outcome or requiring early operative intervention, such as infection or haematoma. This technique is suitable for patients who prefer a hidden incision at a distant site, and provides predictability of aesthetic outcome and is safe.     

经腋窝途径的单孔内镜下甲状腺切除术

目的探讨单孔内镜下甲状腺手术的可行性以及安全性,并对其疗效进行评价。方法 2010年1月～2011年4月,10例甲状腺单发良性直径〈40 mm结节接受经腋窝途径的单孔内镜甲状腺切除术,结节最大直径20～35 mm,平均25.2 mm,均位于甲状腺中下极,均为囊实性结节。在腋窝做一长约2.5 cm的切口并放置单孔入路装置（前2例使用自制单孔入路装置,后8例使用TriPort三通道单孔入路装置）,经此置入30°的5 mm腹腔镜、超声刀以及异型腹腔镜手术器械,建立操作空间,完成甲状腺腺叶次全切除或近全切除手术。结果 10例均顺利完成单侧甲状腺腺叶次全切除或近全切除手术,手术时间125～180 min,平均153 min,术中出血量5～15 ml,平均9.1 ml,无中转常规三孔内镜手术或开放手术,无气管、喉返神经、甲状旁腺损伤等并发症。术后第1天疼痛评分2～4分,平均3.3分。术后住院时间均为2 d。术后病理均为结节性甲状腺肿。术后3个月复查,10例均获得＂非常满意＂的美容效果,无复发。结论对于单侧甲状腺良性病变,经腋窝途径的单孔内镜下甲状腺切除术是安全、可行的,同时具有很好的美容效果。但病例选择较严格。     

胸乳途径甲状腺内镜手术

Objective To investigate the curative effect of endoscopic thyroidectomy via breast areola approach.Methods The clinical data of 28 cases of endoscopic thyroidectomy via breast areola approach were retrospectively summarized.Results The mean diameter ofthe tumor Was 2.9(1.7～4.2)cm.The mean operative time Was 128(95～165) min.Pathologic data:adenoma in 15 cases,nodular goitar in 12 csses,papillary carcinoma indicated intraoperatively by frozen section in 1 case.One case occurred temporary hoarseness.No intraoperative and postoperative hemorrhea and convulsion after operation.Minor pain and discomfort in anterior chest continued for 7～19d in 18 cases,all without taking painkillers,satisfaction rate of beauty was 90 percent.Condusions Endoscopic thyroidectomy via breast areola approach is safe and feasible for patients with thyroid diseases,and has excellent cosmetic results.