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1.
Cheng-Jie Chen Wan-Yin Wang Xiao-Li Wang Li-Wei Dong Yi-Tian Yue Hai-Liang Xin Chang-Quan Ling Min Li 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Aim of the study
To investigate the effects of the ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea (EEPO) on hypoxia models mice and to find the possible mechanism of its anti-hypoxic actions so as to elucidate the anti-hypoxia activity and provide scientific basis for the clinical use of Portulaca oleracea.Materials and methods
EEPO was evaluated on anti-hypoxic activity in several hypoxia mice models, including closed normobaric hypoxia and sodium nitrite or potassium cyanide toxicosis. To verify the possible mechanism(s), we detected the activities of pyruvate kinase (PK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in mice cortices.Results
Given orally, the EEPO at doses of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg could dose-dependently enhance the survival time of mice in both of the normobaric and chemical hypoxia models. The activity of the glycolysis enzymes and the level of ATP were higher than those of the control. In the pentobarbital sodium-induced sleeping time test and the open-field test, EEPO neither significantly enhanced the pentobarbital sodium-induced sleeping time nor impaired the motor performance, indicating that the observed anti-hypoxic activity was unlikely due to sedation or motor abnormality.Conclusions
These results demonstrated that the EEPO possessed notable anti-hypoxic activity, which might be related to promoting the activity of the key enzymes in glycolysis and improving the level of ATP in hypoxic mice. 相似文献2.
Ebenezer O. Farombi Isaac A. AdedaraAyodeji B. Oyenihi Emmanuel EkakitieSamuel Kehinde 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2013
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Garcinia kola seed is commonly used in African Traditional Medicine as a remedy for liver disorders, hepatitis, bronchitis, throat infections as well as an aphrodisiac and fertility enhancing substance. Owing to the abundance of complex mixture of phenolic compounds in Garcinia kola seed, there is a growing safety concern on its long-term use in folklore medicine. The present study evaluated the hepatic, testicular and spermatozoa antioxidant status in rats chronically treated with Garcinia kolaseed.Materials and methods
Adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 rats each and were orally administered with Garcinia kola at 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg for 6consecutive weeks. Clinical observations, serum biochemistry, oxidative stress biomarkers, spermatozoa parameters and histopathological examination of the organs were assessed to monitor treatment-related adverse effects inrats.Results
Long-term treatment of Garcinia kola had no adverse effect on the spermatozoa characteristics but significantly elevated testosterone concentration when compared to the control group. Improvement of antioxidant systems was accompanied by a significant decrease in malondialdehyde level in the liver, testes and spermatozoa of Garcinia kola-treated rats. Histological observation revealed that chronic administration of Garcinia kola had no effect on the liver and testes at all doses when compared with control.Conclusion
Garcinia kola seed boosts the antioxidant status and exhibits no adverse effect on the liver, testes and spermatozoa after a long-term oral exposure inrats. 相似文献3.
Uwe Koetter Marilyn Barrett Svenja Lacher Aliaa Abdelrahman Deanne Dolnick 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Magnolia officinalis Rehder and Wilson [Magnoliaceae] bark and Ziziphus spinosa (Buhge) Hu ex. Chen. [Fam. Rhamnaceae] seed have a history of use in traditional Asian medicine for mild anxiety, nervousness and sleep-related problems.Aim of the study
To identify pharmacological targets, extracts of Magnolia officinalis (ME), Ziziphus spinosa (ZE), and a proprietary fixed combination (MZE) were tested for affinity with central nervous system receptors associated with relaxation and sleep.Methods
In vitro radioligand binding and cellular functional assays were conducted on: adenosine A1, dopamine (transporter, D1, D2S, D3, D4.4 and D5), serotonin (transporter, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT4e, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7) and the GABA benzodiazepine receptor.Results
Interactions were demonstrated with the adenosine A1 receptor, dopamine transporter and dopamine D5 receptor (antagonist activity), serotonin receptors (5-HT1B and 5-HT6 antagonist activity) and the GABA benzodiazepine receptor at a concentration of 100 μg/ml or lower. ME had an affinity with adenosine A1 (Ki of 9.2 ± 1.1 μg/ml) and potentiated the GABA activated chloride current at the benzodiazepine subunits of the GABA receptor (maximum effect at 50 μg/ml). ME had a modest antagonist action with 5-HT6 and ZE with the 5-HT1B receptor.Conclusion
The interactions in the receptor binding models are consistent with the traditional anxiolytic and sleep-inducing activities of Magnolia officinalis bark and Ziziphus spinosa seed. 相似文献4.
Nget Hong Tan Shin Yee Fung Si Mui Sim Enrico Marinello Roberto Guerranti John C. Aguiyi 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Ethnopharmacological relevance
The seed, leaf and root of Mucuna pruriens have been used in traditional medicine for treatments of various diseases. In Nigeria, the seed is used as oral prophylactics for snakebite.Aim of the study
To study the protective effects of Mucuna pruriens seed extract against the lethalities of various snake venoms.Materials and methods
Rats were pre-treated with Mucuna pruriens seed extract and challenged with various snake venoms. The effectiveness of anti-Mucuna pruriens (anti-MPE) antibody to neutralize the lethalities of snake venoms was investigated by in vitro neutralization.Results
In rats, MPE pre-treatment conferred effective protection against lethality of Naja sputatrix venom and moderate protection against Calloselasma rhodostoma venom. Indirect ELISA and immunoblotting studies showed that there were extensive cross-reactions between anti-MPE IgG and venoms from many different genera of poisonous snakes, suggesting the involvement of immunological neutralization in the protective effect of MPE pre-treatment against snake venom poisoning. In vitro neutralization experiments showed that the anti-MPE antibodies effectively neutralized the lethalities of Asiatic cobra (Naja) venoms, but were not very effective against other venoms tested.Conclusions
The anti-MPE antibodies could be used in the antiserum therapy of Asiatic cobra (Naja) bites. 相似文献5.
W. Weidenhammer A. StrengD. Melchart K. Linde 《Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur (in deutscher Sprache / in German)》2008,51(3):6-14
Background and objective
Within a large research and reimbursement program by German social health insurance the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of patients suffering from chronic pain was investigated. We provide here the results regarding safety aspects from a large observational study.Methods
Safety aspects were investigated in three ways: Physicians were asked to make a global assessment of safety and to report adverse effects for all 503,397 treatment cycles documented between July 2001 and June 2003. Serious adverse effects had to be reported directly to the research center and were collected up to December 2004. In addition, a sample of 6,140 patients was asked about the side effects they had experienced.Results
Physicians documented at least one adverse effect in 7.8% of all patients, the most frequent being needling pain in 3.9%. Serious adverse events were reported in 17 cases, the most frequent event being pneumothorax (5 cases). 9.3% of patients reported side effects, a quarter of these were considered as truly bothersome. The most frequent side effects reported by patients were pain, fatigue and circulatory disturbances.Conclusions
Serious adverse effects of acupuncture are very rare; however, minor side effects occur frequently. Overall, acupuncture provided by trained physicians is a comparably safe therapy. 相似文献6.
Pradeep Visen Binduja Saraswat Aastha Visen Marc Roller Antoine Bily Claire Mermet Kan He Naisheng Bai Benoit Lemaire Sophie Lafay Alvin Ibarra 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Aim of the study
Fraxinus excelsior L. (Family: Oleaceae) seeds are consumed as a food, condiment, and folk medicine. The seeds are traditionally used as a potent hypoglycemic agent, but no clinical evidence exists in as to this regard. We assessed the clinical efficacy and safety of the seed extract (FraxiPure™, Naturex), containing 6.8% of nuzhenide and 5.8% of GI3 (w/w), on plasma glucose and insulin levels against glucose (50 g) induced postprandial glycemia.Materials and methods
Preselected dose (1.0 g) was used in a double blind, randomized, crossover, placebo (wheat bran) controlled study on 16 healthy volunteers. Each treatment was given immediately after a fasting blood glucose sample (0 min). Postprandial plasma glucose levels were estimated at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min; and postprandial plasma insulin at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min.Results
The extract lowered the incremental postprandial plasma glucose concentration as compared to placebo at 45 min (P = 0.06) and 120 min (P = 0.07). It statistically (P = 0.02) reduced the glycemic area under the blood glucose curve. The seed, also, induced a significant (P = 0.002) secretion of insulin at 90 min after glucose administration. However, the insulinemic area under the blood insulin curve was not different than the placebo. No adverse events were reported.Conclusions
Our findings confirm the hypoglycemic action of Fraxinus excelsior L. seed extract. These promising results, thus, encourage conducting long-term clinical studies to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of Fraxinus excelsior L. seed extract in healthy and diabetic volunteers and also to explore the possible mechanism(s) of action. 相似文献7.
Nancy Dewi Yuliana Slamet Budijanto Robert Verpoorte Young Hae Choi 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2013
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Boesenbergia rotunda Linn. (Zingiberaceae) is traditionally used in many Asian countries as medicine for stomach pain and discomfort, viral and bacterial infection, inflammation, and as diuretic agent.Aim of the study
The study aimed to identify adenosine A1 receptor binding compounds from Boesenbergia rotunda rhizome extract by using comprehensive extraction coupled to the NMR metabolomics method.Materials and methods
Dried and powdered Boesenbergia rotunda rhizomes were extracted with the comprehensive extraction method to obtain several fractions with different polarity. Each fraction was divided into two: for NMR analysis and for adenosine A1 receptor binding test. Orthogonal projection to the least square analysis (OPLS) was used to study the correlation between metabolites profile and adenosine A1 receptor binding activity of the plant extracts. Based on Y-related coefficient and variable of important (VIP) value, signals in active area of OPLS loading plot were studied and the respective compounds were then elucidatedResults and discussions
Based on OPLS Y-related coefficient plot and variable of importance value plot, several characteristic signals were found to positively correlate to the binding activity. By using 1D and 2D NMR spectra of one of the most active fraction, pinocembrine and hydroxy-panduratin were identified as the possible active compounds. Two signals from ring C of pinocembrine flavanone skeleton with negative coefficient correlations possibly overlapped with those of non-active methoxylated flavanones which were also presence in the extract. NMR based metabolomics applied in this study was able to quickly identify bioactive compounds from plant extract without necessity to purify them. Further confirmation by isolating pinocembrine and hydroxy-panduratin and testing their adenosine A1 receptor binding activity to chemically validate the method are required.Conclusion
Two flavonoid derivatives, pinocembrine and hydroxy-panduratin, have been elucidated as possible active compounds bind to adenosine A1 receptor. Flavonoid was reported to be one of natural antagonist ligand for adenosine A1 receptor while antagonistic activity to the receptor is known to associate with diuretic activity. Thus, the result of this research supports the traditional use of Boesenbergia rotunda rhizome extract as diuretic agent. 相似文献8.
9.
Nadeem Ahmed Adeel Mahmood S.S. Tahir Asghari Bano Riffat Naseem Malik Seema Hassan Aisha Ashraf 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2014
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Ethnomedicinal studies are significant for the discovery of new crude drugs from indigenous reported medicinal plants. The current study aimed to report the indigenous medicinal knowledge of plants and herbal remedies used as folk medicines in Cholistan desert, Punjab Province, Pakistan.Material and methods
Rapid appraisal approach (RAA), semi-structured interviews, group meetings with herbalists, landowners and local people having awareness about the medicinal action of plants were employed to collect the data.Results and discussions
This study reports 70 medicinal plants belonging to 27 families that were disseminated among 60 different genera and Poaceae was the predominant family over others with 13 reported medicinal plants. Among plant parts, leaves were the dominant over others with 26.4% used in herbal preparations followed by the stem (25.2%), fruit (21.5%), flower (16.3%), seed (6.5%), bark and pod (02%). Haloxylon recurvum exhibited the highest use vale (UV) 0.83 while least UV was exhibited by Mollugo cerviana that was 0.16.Conclusion
Important medicinal plants, reported in this study have been screened for phytochemical and pharmaceutical activities in different parts of the globe. It is recommended that reported medicinal plants having potent action for cancer and hepatitis must be screened for pharmacological activities. 相似文献10.
Ellen Cristine Ogata Nomura Melissa Raboni Alves Rodrigues Carla Francielle da Silva Letícia Alencar Hamm Adamara Machado Nascimento Lauro Mera de Souza Thales Ricardo Cipriani Cristiane Hatsuko Baggio Maria Fernanda de Paula Werner 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2013
Ethnopharmacological relevance
In Brazil, Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen, popularly known as “jambu”, has been used by some communities from Amazon region to treat toothache. In this study we examined the antinociceptive effect of the ethanolic extract obtained from the flowers of Acmella oleracea (EEAO) in animal models of nociceptive (chemical and thermal) and neuropathic (partial sciatic nerve ligation) pain.Materials and methods
Adult male mice were treated by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) with EEAO before the induction of nociceptive response by formalin, capsaicin and cinnamaldehyde, thermal heat hyperalgesia (hot plate test) and mechanical allodynia (traumatic sciatic nerve injury). Acute toxicity and non-specific sedative effects were evaluated.Results
EEAO (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg) reduced both neurogenic and inflammatory phases of the formalin- and also capsaicin- and cinnamaldehyde-induced orofacial nociception. Interestingly, EEAO at 100 mg/kg (i.p.) also reversed capsaicin-induced heat hyperalgesia assessed as the latency to paw withdrawal in the hot plate test. Also in the hot plate test, paw withdrawal latency was increased by EEAO (100 mg/kg) and this response was only partially reversed by naloxone. Furthermore, EEAO (100 mg/kg) also reduced mechanical allodynia caused by partial sciatic nerve ligation for 3 h. The estimated LD50 value was 889.14 mg/kg and EEAO did not alter the locomotion of animals in the open-field test.Conclusion
Taken together, our data show that EEAO produces prevalent antinociceptive effects and does not cause adverse effects. The presence of N-alkylamides, including spilanthol, suggests that the therapeutic effect of EEAO is related to its highest anesthetic activity. 相似文献11.
Srinivasagam RajaSankar Thamilarasan Manivasagam Venkatachalam Sankar Seppan Prakash Rathinasamy Muthusamy Arumugam Krishnamurti Sankar Surendran 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Withania somnifera root extract (Ws)/Ashwagandha/Indian ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine, used over 4000 years in India, shown to have effect on neural growth and locomotor function. Although catecholamines and oxidative stress resulting in neurodegeneration and locomotor disorder are the main events in Parkinson's disease (PD), efficacy of the drug on these molecules and physiological abnormality are not clear.Aim of the study
The objective of the study was to examine effect of Ws on catecholamines and physiological abnormalities seen in PD using PD model mouse.Materials and methods
Mouse were treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 4 days to show biochemical and physiological abnormalities similar to patients with PD. PD mice were treated with Ws 100 mg/kg body weight for 7 or 28 days. Catecholamines: dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA); antioxidants: glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); and lipid peroxidation marker (TBARS) were analyzed in the Ws treated and untreated PD mouse striatum.Results
Mouse treated with MPTP showed reduced levels of DA, DOPAC, HVA, GSH and GPx and induced thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) level compared to the control. Physiological abnormalities were seen in the mouse as determined by hang test and rotarod test. Oral treatment of PD mouse Ws root extract (100 mg/kg body weight) for 7 days or 28 days increased DA, DOPAC and HVA levels and normalized TBARS levels in the corpus striatum of the PD mouse. The 7 days Ws treated mice showed improved motor function as determined by hang test and rotarod test. Treatment with Ws for 28 days increased GSH and GPx levels in the striatum compared to the Ws untreated PD mouse striatum.Conclusion
These data suggest that Ws is a potential drug in treating catecholamines, oxidative damage and physiological abnormalities seen in the PD mouse. 相似文献12.
Yu Zhao Kong Sang Woo Kwong Hon Ma Charles Andrew van Hansselt Ka Chun Wong King Fai Cheng Christopher Wai Kei Lam Ping Chung Leung 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Aim of the study
Shi-Bi-Lin (SBL) is modified from the classic formula Cang-Er-Zi-San which has been used to treat chronic rhinitis, paranasal sinusitis and allergic rhinitis by herbal practitioners. The present study aimed at patients with moderate to severe perennial allergic rhinitis. SBL which has been shown effective in treating a guinea-pig model of allergic rhinitis, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety.Materials and methods
126 allergic rhinitis patients were recruited in a double-blind randomized control trial. Half of the patients received SBL capsules and the others half received placebo for 4 weeks. Symptoms scores, physician's evaluation, nose examination, quality of life, adverse effects, serum cytokines were evaluated before and after treatment.Results
SBL was found to be safe and effective in relieving some symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis, improving the nose condition, and enhancing some domains of quality of life when compare to placebo, (p < 0.05). In the 2 weeks follow up after treatment completion, the SBL enjoyed a prolongation of symptom control (p = 0.05).Conclusion
SBL relieved symptoms of nose blockage among patients with perennial allergic rhinitis, and some aspects of the quality of life were also improved. The improvement was sustained for at least 2 weeks after treatment. No serious adverse events were encountered. 相似文献13.
Aim of study
There are multimodal and multidisciplinary approaches to treat diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). However, the intractable adverse effects limited their widespread use. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is increasingly used for the treatment of DPN. The aim of this study was to review existing evidence on the effectiveness of CHM for the treatment of DPN.Materials and methods
Searches were performed with Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CNKI, CBM and Wangfan databases. Controlled trials comparing CHM with other medicine for the treatment of DPN were analyzed.Results
Eighteen trials met the inclusion criteria. All trials used vitamin B12 and/or B1 as control. Clinical therapeutic effect, divided by three grades including marked effective, effective and ineffective according to the improved degree of subjective symptom, tendon reflex, and nerve conduction velocity, was the only end point reported in all trials, and thus evaluated. The results showed CHM treatment was associated with a superiority in marked effective (odds ratio [OR], 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94 to 2.97; p<0.001), and effective (OR, 1.39; 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.67; p<0.001). Patients who received CHM treatment was associated with a less likely to report ineffective (OR, 0.26; 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.33, p<0.001). No adverse events were reported in any of the included trials.Conclusions
According to the pooled results of our study and the poor quality of the included trials, it might be uncertainty that there was a superiority of CHM for treating DPN. More rigorous controlled trials are required to substantiate or refute these early findings. 相似文献14.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Solanum torvum (Solanaceae) is a plant used in Cameroon ethnomedicine for the treatment of hypertension.Aim of the study
The present study was aimed to determine the effect of ethanolic extract of Solanum torvum (100 and 300 mg/kg; p.o. for 6 weeks) on systolic blood pressure (SBP), vascular reactivity, serum glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin and uric acid in fructose-induced hypertension.Materials and methods
The effect of ethanolic extract of Solanum torvum (100 and 300 mg/kg; p.o. for 6 weeks) on fructose (10%) induced rise in blood pressure was tested by invasive and non-invasive measurements and the biochemical parameters were studied by using standard kits.Results
Ethanolic extract of Solanum torvum reduced systolic blood pressure, vascular reactivity changes to catecholamines and reversed the metabolic alterations induced by fructose. The cumulative concentration response curve (CCRC) of Angiotensin II (Ang II) using isolated strip of ascending colon was shifted towards right in rats treated with ethanolic extract of Solanum torvum.Conclusions
In conclusion, ethanolic extract of Solanum torvum could prevent the development of high blood pressure induced by a diet rich in fructose probably by reversing the metabolic alterations induced by fructose. 相似文献15.
Yan-Tong Xu Pang-Chui Shaw Ren-Wang Jiang Po-Ming Hon Yiu-Man Chan Paul Pui-Hay But 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010
Aims of the study
Stemona alkaloids with distinctly different chemical skeletons are recently reported as the active components in the antitussive herb Baibu derived from the root-tubers of Stemona tuberosa. This study aims to determine if alkaloids of this herb contribute equally to the antitussive functions, act on the same sites of cough reflex, and play any role in inducing central respiratory depressant effects.Materials and methods
Antitussive potency of four major alkaloids was evaluated on guinea pigs with citric acid aerosol to induce cough. The action sites of the alkaloids on cough reflex pathway were tested with electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve in guinea pigs. The central respiratory effects of croomine were also tested on guinea pigs.Results
Croomine, neotuberostemonine and stemoninine showed similar antitussive potency, while tuberostemonine showed much weaker antitussive potency. Neotuberostemonine, tuberostemonine and stemoninine acted on the peripheral cough reflex pathway, while croomine acted on the central part. Croomine also showed obvious central respiratory depressant effects.Conclusions
The four major Stemona alkaloids in Stemona tuberosa do not contribute equally to antitussive potency in guinea pigs. Neotuberostemonine, tuberostemonine and stemoninine target on peripheral cough reflex pathway. Croomine acts on central sites in the cough reflex pathway and demonstrates central respiratory depressant effects, which can partly account for the adverse reactions reported for the herb. 相似文献16.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Bitterness values have been determined for southern African plant species that are traditionally used as tonics (imbizas or ’musa-pelo) to alleviate the symptoms of stress and a variety of ailments related to the digestive system.Aim of the study
To measure and present, for the first time, the bitterness values of 15 of the best-known and most widely used tonic plants in southern Africa in order to find a rationale for their traditional use in improving appetite and treating digestive ailments.Results
Most of the plants were found to be very bitter, with bitterness values comparable to those reported for internationally well-known bitter tonics such as Artemisia absynthium L. and Gentiana lutea L.Conclusions
The relatively high bitterness values obtained for all of the plants indicate that their alleged value in improving digestion and appetite may at least be partly ascribed to the bitter tonic (amarum) effect, i.e., the stimulation of gastric juices via the nervus vagus. It may be interesting to examine the chemical compounds responsible for the bitter taste, as well as the possible links between bitterness and the anecdotal anti-stress properties ascribed to these species. 相似文献17.
Shuang-jie Zhu Jian Pan Bin Zhao Juan Liang Wu Ze-yu Jun-jie Yang 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2013
Ethnopharmacological relevance
The immunomodulatory capacities of fresh Cordyceps militaris (FCM) and dry Cordyceps militaris (DCM) were compared.Materials and methods
In vivo immunomodulatory assay, different doses of FCM and DCM were orally administrated over a period of 15 days in a cyclophosphamide (CY) induced immunosuppression mice; in vitro testing, the spleen cells were extracted from healthy mice and treaded with CY, then cultured with different dose of FCM or DCM; the contents of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide (CMP), cordycepin, adenosine, total polyphenol (TP) and total flavonoids (TF) in FCM and DCM were measured.Results
Our studys indicated that, FCM was significantly stronger than DCM on increasing the spleen and thymus indexes, spleen lymphocyte activity, macrophage function, and promoting the levels of IL-2, IFN-γ in vivo and in vitro. The contents of immunomodulatory CMP and TF in FCM were markedly higher than in DCM.Conclusion
All these results suggested that FCM was superior to DCM on enhancing immunity. 相似文献18.
Debajyoti Mukherjee Tarak Nath KhatuaP. Venkatesh B.P. SahaPulok K. Mukherjee 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nymphaeaceae) is a well-known aquatic plant which has been used for the treatment of several disorders including skin disease, cough, inflammation, fever and many other disorders.Aim of the study
To explore the immunomodulatory activity of extract of rhizome (NNRE) and seed (NNSE) of the plant.Materials and methods
The immunomodulatory activity of NNRE and NNSE was evaluated using various in vivo models including the total and differential leukocyte count (TLC and DLC), nitroblue-tetrazolium reduction (NBT) test, neutrophil adhesion test, phagocytic response and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction. Sheep red blood cells (SRBC, 5 × 109 cells/ml) were used to immunize the animals. NNRE and NNSE at the doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg were administrated.Result
The TLC and lymphocyte count increased significantly but the neutrophil count was decreased for NNRE and NNSE treated groups compared to the control. A dose-dependent potentiation of DTH reaction induced by SRBC was observed from the extracts. The percentage of neutrophil adhesion to the nylon fiber was increased in NNRE treated groups (63.22 and 62.91%) compared to the NNSE treated group (54.86 and 54.23%). A potential phagocytic response was seen on treatment of the extracts, and significant changes were observed in the formation of formazone crystals.Conclusion
This finding suggests that the extract of rhizome and seed Nelumbo nucifera stimulate defense system by modulating several immunological parameters. 相似文献19.
Aim of the study
The present study was carried out to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of Ziziphus mauritiana (Lamk.) seed extract to ascertain the folkloric claim as immunomodulator.Materials and methods
The aqueous-ethanolic seed extract (100–400 mg kg−1) of Z. mauritiana was investigated for immunomodulatory potential in mice. The extract was standardized with HPLC using betulinic acid as a marker. Functions of various immunocytes in the form of humoral (development of anti-SRBC (sheep red blood cells) antibody titers) and cell-mediated immune response (delayed type hypersensitivity, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and bactericidal activity) was studied in SRBC immunized mice. The cytokine, IFN-γ (interferon-gamma) and IL-4 (interleukin-4) secretion was also measured quantitatively by ELISA as the expression of functions of Th-1 and Th-2 respectively. Levamisole (2.5 mg kg−1) was used as standard drug.Results
The seed extract demonstrated significant (P < 0.05–0.001) up-regulation of cell-mediated, humoral immune response and Th-1 mediated cytokine IFN-γ and decline in Th-2 mediated cytokine IL-4. At higher dose of extract the results were comparable to that of the levamisole.Conclusion
The immunostimulatory potential of this seed extract is likely to be mediated through its effect on macrophage function and Th-1 mediated immunity confirming the folkloric use of this plant. 相似文献20.