脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现

目的 分析脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI特征.方法 回顾分析经病理证实的12例脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI资料.结果 12例脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿主要表现为T1WI低或等信号,T2WI及T2FLAIR像为高或混杂信号,病灶周围正常骨髓内可见高信号水肿带;8例椎体呈扁平状,4例呈楔形,所有病例均形成椎旁软组织肿块,其中6例表现为"袖套征";MRI增强椎体病变及周围软组织呈明显不均匀强化.结论 MRI对脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的诊断具有重要价值.     

脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI诊断

目的分析脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现,探讨MRI对该病的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析10例经手术和病理证实的脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现。结果10例脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿主要表现为T1WI等或低信号,T2WI及STIR像为高或混杂信号;椎体呈楔形或扁平状,其中9例前后径增加,3例左右径增加;6例形成椎旁软组织肿块,其中5例表现为袖套状;邻近椎间盘形态正常或轻度膨隆;增强扫描,病变及周围软组织肿块呈明显不均匀强化。结论脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现有一定特点,对于诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学诊断

目的:探讨脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学表现及鉴别诊断.方法:回顾性分析21例经病理证实的脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的X线、CT和MRI表现.结果:21例中发生在颈椎5例,胸椎10例,腰椎6例;X线检查示17例(17/21)椎体呈楔形改变或椎体变扁,3例呈囊状破坏,4例显示软组织肿块,3例椎间隙变窄.7例患者行CT检查,CT主要表现为椎体不规则破坏和椎旁软组织肿块.8例行MRI检查,显示椎体破坏、信号异常和椎旁软组织肿块,3例软组织肿块在冠状面和矢状面呈套袖状,相邻椎间盘信号无明显改变.结论:脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学表现具有一定的特征性,X线平片是其诊断基础,同时结合CT尤其是MRI检查,能够提高诊断和鉴别诊断能力,但该疾病的正确诊断有赖于临床、病理和影像表现相结合.     

骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学分析

目的 探讨骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学表现，资料与方法 回顾分析经病理证实的骨嗜酸性肉芽肿18例，其中X线平片检查16例，CT检查10例，MRI检查4例。结果 颅骨6例，表现为圆形。类圆形骨质破坏伴颅板内外软组织肿块；脊椎5例，椎体不规则破坏，边缘硬化，楔形变，椎旁软组织肿块。严重者椎体压缩呈盘状；肋骨2例，穿凿样或膨胀性骨质破坏；肩胛骨1例，斑片状骨质破坏伴周围广泛增生，有骨膜反应；股骨4例，膨胀性或溶骨性骨质破坏伴骨膜反应。MRI表现，T1WI呈低或等信号，STIR高信号，增强明显强化，18例中正确诊断12例，诊断准确率66.7%。结论 通过影像学检查，并结合临床，大部分骨嗜酸性肉芽肿术前能够正确诊断。CT较X线平片能更好的显示病变结构及邻近软组织的改变。MRI能够精确显示病变的范围。     

脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学分析

目的分析脊柱骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的特征性影像表现,并与椎体其他骨病相鉴别。方法回顾分析我院28例经手术病理或活检证实为脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学表现,其中DR 21例,CT 15例,MRI 10例,ECT 5例,PET/CT 2例。23例单发,5例多发,颈椎9个,胸椎15个,腰椎12个。结果 DR示病变椎体形态变扁,密度增高;CT表现病椎不同程度骨质破坏,部分病灶周围高密度硬化缘;MRI示椎体信号改变及椎旁软组织肿块,椎间盘信号及椎间隙正常;ECT及PET/CT可显示病椎核素浓聚情况,提示病变是否处于进展期。结论脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学有一定特征,结合临床表现及病理,注意与其它椎体骨病鉴别,提高对本病的认识。     

脊柱郎格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症的影像表现及鉴别诊断

目的:探讨脊柱郎格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症的影像学表现,进一步提高对本病的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析43例经病理证实的脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的X线、CT和MRI表现。结果:35例(35/43)椎体呈楔形改变或椎体变扁,24例呈囊状破坏,7例显示软组织肿块,6例椎间隙变窄。27例患者行CT检查,CT主要表现为椎体不规则破坏和椎旁软组织肿块。15例行MRI检查,显示椎体破坏、信号异常和椎旁软组织肿块,8例软组织肿块在冠状面和矢状面呈"套袖状",相邻椎间盘信号无明显改变。结论:加深对骨嗜酸性肉芽肿病程及影像学表现的认识,能提高对该病的诊断水平,但正确诊断有赖于临床、病理和影像表现相结合。     

脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现

目的探讨脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现. 资料与方法搜集经手术病理证实的脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿患者12例,所有病例均进行了X线平片及MRI检查,重点分析其MRI表现. 结果发生于颈椎3例,胸椎7例,腰椎2例.12例椎体均呈不规则性破坏,MRI表现为楔形或盘状改变,12例中2例椎间隙轻度变窄,2例椎旁软组织肿胀,1例椎弓根及椎板受累;所有病例于T1WI呈低或等信号,T2WI呈高信号,脂肪抑制序列STIR呈高信号改变,增强扫描呈均匀性强化. 结论 MRI能准确显示病变范围、结构及邻近组织改变,大部分病例根据临床及MRI表现,可作出正确诊断,但确诊仍需依靠病理活检.     

布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎的CT、MRI表现

目的 :探讨布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎的CT及MRI表现,以提高对该病的影像学诊断水平。方法 :收集15例经临床、实验室检查或病理证实的布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎,分析其CT及MRI表现。结果:15例共31个椎体受累,2个椎体病变11例,单个椎体受累2例,多个椎体受累2例,L4椎体受累最多见;CT示病变椎体骨质破坏,主要发生在椎体边缘,表现为小类圆形或斑片状低密度区,慢性期骨破坏区周围可见骨质增生硬化,7例增生的骨质出现部分"虫蚀样"破坏,椎体边缘呈"花边状";11例伴相邻椎间盘破坏,椎间隙变窄;9例出现椎旁脓肿。MRI示椎体破坏区T1WI呈低信号,T2WI及T2WI压脂呈高信号,骨质破坏区由于肉芽组织增生增强扫描呈轻中度强化;周围骨质硬化区T1WI、T2WI均呈低信号。结论 :布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎的CT及MRI表现具有一定特征性,结合流行病学特点及实验室检查能明确诊断。     

儿童脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学诊断

目的探讨儿童脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿(eosinophilic granuloma,EG)的影像学表现,提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析经临床病理证实的23例脊柱EG患者的影像资料,包括23例X线摄片,12例CT和5例MRI扫描检查。结果23例中累及单个椎体19例,多个椎体4例,共28个椎体,包括颈椎6个,胸椎13个,腰椎9个。脊柱正侧位X线平片发现23个病变椎体,漏诊5个,准确诊断19个,3个误诊为结核,1个误诊为缺血性坏死。主要表现为椎体变扁,前后径增大,椎间隙正常或稍增宽,其中5例椎旁有软组织肿块,3例脊柱局部后突畸形。CT扫描示椎体不同程度骨质破坏,6例出现软组织肿块,2例椎弓破坏。MRI示破坏椎体在T1WI呈低或等低信号,T2WI呈高或等高混杂信号,2例出现软组织肿块及椎间隙稍增宽。结论 X线平片是EG的首选检查方式且能明确诊断大部分病例,CT和MRI对于观察骨质破坏、软组织肿块及附件受累情况更具优势。     

霉菌性脊柱炎1例并文献复习

目的探讨霉菌性脊柱炎的临床表现、影像特征和病理特点,提高对霉菌性脊柱炎的认识和鉴别诊断能力。方法回顾性分析1例经手术病理证实的霉菌性脊柱炎病人的影像及病理资料并行文献复习。结果 CT检查显示胸4～胸7椎体广泛骨质硬化伴有周围软组织肿块,病变内部可见散在小片状骨质破坏区,邻近椎间隙无明显变窄;MRI显示胸4～胸8椎体可见斑片状异常信号影,T_1WI上呈低信号,T_2WI上呈稍高信号,抑脂序列呈高信号,邻近椎间盘未见明显异常,增强检查病变椎体、椎旁及硬膜外肿块呈明显强化。术后病理诊断为霉菌感染,血清曲霉菌半乳甘露聚糖检测为阳性。结论霉菌性脊柱炎罕见,其临床和影像表现无特异性,确诊需依赖于病理组织学检查。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）