肿瘤干细胞的研究进展

如何解决恶性肿瘤的复发和转移问题仍是当前肿瘤治疗中的一大难题.一种新的理论--肿瘤干细胞学说认为,在肿瘤组织中存在着少数具有干细胞性质的细胞群体,这些细胞具有自我更新能力和多向分化潜能,被称为肿瘤干细胞(cancer stem cells,CSCs);CSCs可能是导致恶性肿瘤复发和转移的根本原因.本文就CSCs分离纯化和鉴定的方法和多药耐药机制的研究进展情况进行综述.     

肿瘤干细胞与消化道肿瘤的研究进展

研究者发现肿瘤干细胞(CSC)在肿瘤的发生、发展、复发及转移过程中发挥着重要作用.CSC是存在于肿瘤组织中具有干细胞样能力的肿瘤细胞亚群,一个CSC能够产生整个肿瘤组织的(处于不同分化阶段的)所有肿瘤细胞[1].CSC概念的提出为研究肿瘤细胞的生物学特性提供了新思路,并为肿瘤的临床治疗提供了新靶点,目前已逐渐成为肿瘤防治研究的新的热点.     

胰腺癌干细胞的研究进展和展望

自20世纪90年代以来,肿瘤干细胞学说得到了越来越多的研究支持,该学说认为肿瘤干细胞可以对称和不对称分裂的方式分别产生肿瘤干细胞和正常肿瘤细胞两种后代,从而参与肿瘤层次结构的维持和稳定,是肿瘤发生、化疗抗性以及复发转移的根本原因.然而近几十年来,在解释和克服肿瘤异质性方面,无论是在体内还是体外实验中,很多试图在肿瘤干细胞理论与肿瘤恶性生物学行为之间形成因果关系的努力却都取得了一些成果.在本文中,我们利用该领域现有的证据来介绍近年来肿瘤干细胞在胰腺癌领域内取得的成果和所面临的挑战以及将来可能的进展方向.     

上皮-间质转化与肿瘤转移及干细胞的研究进展

肿瘤细胞的侵袭、转移及干性特征是患者治疗失败、预后差的主要原因。为了给肿癌患者治疗提供一种新的治疗方案,从分子水平来解释肿瘤细胞的侵袭、转移及干性特征至关重要。最近的研究表明上皮-间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)对肿瘤细胞的侵袭、转移及干性特征起到举足轻重的作用。EMT 可使上皮性肿瘤细胞获得间充质细胞表型,在增强肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移能力的同时,也使得肿瘤细胞具有自我更新等干细胞特性。本综述阐明 EMT 与肿瘤转移及干细胞的相互关系及其调控机制,有望为肿瘤的靶向治疗开辟新思路。     

胰腺癌干细胞的研究进展

胰腺癌是恶性程度极高的消化道肿瘤,是全球癌症相关性死亡的主要原因之一.由于发病机制尚不明确,早期缺乏特征性临床表现及诊断方法,且传统治疗效果欠佳,导致胰腺癌的发病率及死亡率居高不下.近年来,随着干细胞在多个领域研究的不断推进,胰腺癌干细胞(pancreatic cancer stem cells,PCSCs)在胰腺癌发...     

肿瘤干细胞蛋白质组学的研究进展

恶性肿瘤是严重危及人类生命健康的疾病,其死亡率呈逐年上升的趋势。我国恶性肿瘤死亡率处于世界较高水平,且随着生态环境、生活方式的改变而呈现持续性上升势头。目前,对于多数恶性肿瘤可以采用手术、放化疗及生物免疫治疗等方法,但却无法从根本上治愈肿瘤。肿瘤干细胞概念的提出为治愈肿瘤提供了一线希望,     

肠干细胞与结直肠肿瘤干细胞研究进展

干细胞(stem cell,SC)是一群结构和功能未特化的原始细胞,具有长期自我更新潜能和产生至少一种终末分化细胞的能力.而肠干细胞是位于小肠隐窝下部潘氏细胞上方及结直肠隐窝的底部的成体干细胞,具有增殖和自我维持、能产生许多子代细胞并能在受损伤后再生的特性.近年较多的文献报道结直肠癌组织中存在肿瘤干细胞,而这些具有干细胞特性的瘤细胞可能来自突变的肠干细胞,本文就肠干细胞和结直肠癌肿瘤干细胞的研究进展作一综述.     

消化系肿瘤干细胞研究进展

近年来,肿瘤干细胞（CSCs）已成为肿瘤研究的热点。CSCs是一类具有自我更新和分化潜能的细胞．参与肿瘤的发生、发展、转移和复发。迄今,已发现包括食管癌、胃癌、结肠癌、肝癌、胰腺癌等在内的多种消化系CSCs。本文就消化系CSCs的研究进展作一综述,以期为消化系肿瘤的治疗提供新的策略。     

胰腺癌干细胞的研究进展

肿瘤干细胞理论为肿瘤研究开辟了全新的视角,肿瘤的无限增殖及复发转移的生物学特性可能是由于占肿瘤内极少数的肿瘤干细胞的存在,其他肿瘤细胞虽然占瘤体的绝大多数,但无或只有有限的增殖潜能。最近研究发现胰腺癌中亦存在具有干细胞特性的肿瘤细胞。此文就胰腺癌干细胞的相关研究进展进行综述。     

消化系肿瘤干细胞标记物的研究进展

肿瘤干细胞假说从一个新的角度认识肿瘤,对消化系肿瘤干细胞进行全面地了解、鉴定和纯化可为消化系肿瘤的治疗带来新的方向,其中充分认识消化系肿瘤干细胞标记物是其基础,并可进一步证实肿瘤干细胞的存在以及选择有效的抗肿瘤靶向药物。本文就消化系肿瘤干细胞标记物的研究进展作一综述。     

肝癌干细胞研究现状及展望

长期以来,人们认为肿瘤生长是所有肿瘤细胞一起增殖的结果,但近年来一些研究结果表明,肿瘤组织中仅有一小部分(约0.01%～1%)肿瘤细胞具有致瘤性,这类具有与干细胞相似的自我更新能力、高度增殖能力和多向分化潜能的特殊肿瘤细胞,即称为肿瘤干细胞或肿瘤起源细胞(cancer stem cells 0r tumor initiating cells)[1].     

Gastric cancer stem cells in gastric carcinogenesis,progression,prevention and treatment

In recent decades,the study of the mechanism of tumorigenesis has brought much progress to cancer treatment.However,cancer stem cell(CSC)theory has changed previous views of tumors,and has provided a new method for treatment of cancer.The discovery of CSCs and their characteristics have contributed to understanding the molecular mechanism of tumor genesis and development,resulting in a new effective strategy for cancer treatment.Gastric CSCs(GCSCs)are the basis for the onset of gastric cancer.They may be derived from gastric stem cells in gastric tissues,or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.As with other stem cells,GCSCs highly express drug-resistance genes such as aldehyde dehydrogenase and multidrug resistance,which are resistant to chemotherapy and thus form the basis of drug resistance.Many specific molecular markers such as CD44 and CD133 have been used for identification and isolation of GCSCs,diagnosis and grading of gastric cancer,and research on GCSC-targeted therapy for gastric cancer.Therefore,discussion of the recent development and advancements in GCSCs will be helpful for providing novel insight into gastric cancer treatment.     

肺癌干细胞研究进展

肿瘤干细胞具有自我更新和分化潜能,是肿瘤转移、复发的根源.研究已证实肺癌干细胞的存在,但其分离和鉴定还存在一些争议.本文对肺癌干细胞学说、肺癌干细胞与肿瘤耐药、分子调控机制、治疗策略等进行综述,为肺癌的治疗提供新的策略.     

侧群细胞与消化系恶性肿瘤干细胞研究

侧群(side population,SP)细胞是利用Hoechst33342染料和流式细胞术进行造血干/祖细胞分离时发现的一群特殊细胞,既有干细胞样自我更新和多向分化潜能,而且具有独特的SP表型标志,为干细胞研究提供了新的方向。侧群细胞在正常组织和恶性肿瘤细胞中均有表达,且其有与肿瘤干细胞相似的生物学特性。近年来在消化系肿瘤干细胞的研究中发现侧群细胞对于分选鉴定肿瘤干细胞意义重大。本文就侧群细胞与消化系肿瘤干细胞的关系进行研究。     

Musashil与肿瘤干细胞的关系

近年来发展起来的肿瘤干细胞理论认为：肿瘤是一种干细胞疾病,由成体干细胞恶性转变而来的肿瘤干细胞是癌症发生发展、转移复发和对放化疗药物耐药的根源。Musashil是一种进化比较保守的神经RNA结合蛋白,最早在果蝇的感觉器官中被发现,认为可能与果蝇发育过程中感觉器官的细胞分化有关,对维持神经干细胞或祖细胞的干细胞特性具有重要作用。越来越多的研究显示干细胞标志物Musashil在多种肿瘤中高表达,与肿瘤和肿瘤干细胞的关系密切,参与了肿瘤的发生、发展、浸润和转移,是肿瘤潜在的诊断标志物、预后指标和治疗靶点。     

Hepatic cancer stem cells and drug resistance: Relevance in targeted therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of most common malignancies in the world. Systemic treatments for HCC, particularly for advanced stages, are limited by the drug resistance phenomenon which ultimately leads to therapy failure. Recent studies have indicated an association between drug resistance and the existence of the cancer stem cells (CSCs) as tumor initiating cells. The CSCs are resistant to conventional chemotherapies and might be related to the mechanisms of the ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters and alterations in the CSCs signaling pathways. Therefore, to contribute to the development of new HCC treatments, further information on the characterization of CSCs, the modulation of the ABC transporters expression and function and the signaling pathway involved in the self renewal, initiation and maintenance of the cancer are required. The combination of transporters modulators/inhibitors with molecular targeted therapies may be a potent strategy to block the tumoral progression. This review summarizes the association of CSCs, drug resistance, ABC transporters activities and changes in signaling pathways as a guide for future molecular therapy for HCC.     

Cancer stem cells: Involvement in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and perspectives on cancer therapeutics

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies. Despite remarkable progress in understanding pancreatic carcinogenesis at the molecular level, as well as progress in new therapeutic approaches, pancreatic cancer remains a disease with a dismal prognosis. Among the mechanisms responsible for drug resistance, the most relevant are changes in individual genes or signaling pathways and the presence of highly resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). In pancreatic cancer, CSCs represent 0.2%-0.8% of pancreatic cancer cells and are considered to be responsible for tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and recurrence. CSCs have been extensively studied as of late to identify specific surface markers to ensure reliable sorting and for signaling pathways identified to play a pivotal role in CSC self-renewal. Involvement of CSCs in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis has also highlighted these cells as the preferential targets for therapy. The present review is an update of the results in two main fields of research in pancreatic cancer, pathogenesis and therapy, focused on the narrow perspective of CSCs.     

Persistence of side population cells with high drug efflux capacity in pancreatic cancer

AIM： To investigate the persistence of side population （SP） cells in pancreatic cancer and their role and mechanism in the drug resistance. METHODS： The presentation of side population cells in pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 and its proportion change when cultured with Gemcitabine, was detected by Hoechst 33342 staining and FACS analysis. The expression of ABCB1 and ABCG2 was detected by real- time PCR in either SP cells or non-SP cells. RESULTS： SP cells do exist in PANC-1, with a median of 3.3% and a range of 2.1-8.7%. After cultured with Gemcitabine for 3 d, the proportion of SP cells increased significantly （3.8% ± 1.9%, 10.7% ± 3.7%, t = 4.616, P = 0.001 〈 0.05）. ABCB1 and ABCG2 expressed at higher concentrations in SP as compared with non-SP cells （ABCB1： 1.15 ± 0.72, 5.82 ± 1.16, t = 10.839, P = 0.000 〈 0.05; ABCG2： 1.16 ± 0.75, 5.48 ± 0.94, t = 11.305, P = 0.000 〈 0.05）, which may contribute to the efflux of fluorescent staining and drug resistance. CONCLUSION： SP cells with inherently high resistance to chemotherapeutic agents do exist in pancreatic cancers, which may be candidate cancer stem cells contributing to the relapse of the tumor.