慢性心力衰竭患者急性发作期血脂水平变化与预后的关系

目的探讨慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者急性发作期的血脂水平与预后的关系。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2017年12月该院收治的103例急性发作期CHF患者的血脂水平及临床资料。结果美国纽约心脏病学会(NYHA)心功能分级越高,总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平越低(P0.05)。死亡组TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C水平低于存活组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CHF患者的血脂水平越低,心功能分级越高。低水平的TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C是CHF患者预后不良的危险因素。加强急性发作期CHF患者血脂水平的检测,对预后判断有较高的临床应用价值。     

血脂水平与乳腺癌发生、发展的关系研究

目的探讨血脂水平与乳腺癌发生、发展的关系。方法选取该院2014年1月至2017年12月收治的乳腺癌患者102例为病例组,选取同期非乳腺癌女性100例为对照组,检测两组总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平;同时比较两组绝经与未绝经状态下的TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C的水平;比较淋巴结转移与无淋巴结转移患者的血脂水平。结果病例组TG、LDL-C水平均高于对照组,HDL-C水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);病例组已绝经患者TG、LDL-C水平高于对照组已绝经研究对象,HDL-C水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);病例组未绝经患者TG、LDL-C水平高于对照组未绝经研究对象,HDL-C水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。淋巴结转移组TG水平高于无淋巴结转移组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而TC、LDL-C、HDL-C水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血脂水平与乳腺癌的发生有一定相关性,具体表现为TG、LDL-C升高,HDL-C降低,而与TC无关。     

各项指标水平变化在冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者的临床意义

目的探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、血尿酸(UA)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)与脂蛋白a[Lp(a)]联合检测在冠心病慢性心力衰竭发生、发展中的应用价值。方法分别检测319例慢性心力衰竭患者和102例健康对照者血液中Hcy、UA、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDLC、Lp(a)水平。结果与健康对照组比较,冠心病慢性心力衰竭组Hcy、UA和Lp(a)水平均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而TG水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05);随着心功能分级增加,Hcy、UA、Lp(a)水平升高,而TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而TG水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两两比较不同心功能之间UA水平,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),心功能Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级比Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级的Lp(a)水平高(P0.05),而TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平降低(P0.05);冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者Hcy与UA,TC与TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、Lp(a),TG与LDL-C,HDL-C与LDL-C,LDL-C与Lp(a)呈正相关(P0.05)。UA与HDL-C、LDL-C,TG与Lp(a)呈负相关(P0.05)。结论 Hcy、UA、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、Lp(a)和冠心病慢性心力衰竭密切相关,对这些生化指标的检测有助于监测和控制冠心病慢性心力衰竭的发生和发展。     

参麦注射液对冠心病患者高敏肌钙蛋白及游离脂肪酸水平的影响

目的探讨参麦注射液对冠心病患者高敏肌钙蛋白及游离脂肪酸水平的影响。方法回顾性分析2012年9月至2014年12月冠心病110例患者的临床资料,其中55例接受常规治疗为对照组,另55例给予参麦注射液与常规治疗为观察组,比较治疗前后两组患者总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及高敏肌钙蛋白、游离脂肪酸水平的变化。结果治疗后,两组血脂指标TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C水平差异未见统计学意义(P0.05),但观察组高敏肌钙蛋白、游离脂肪酸水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论参麦注射液能显著降低冠心病患者的高敏肌钙蛋白、游离脂肪酸水平,可有效保护心肌功能。     

曲美他嗪联合阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者血脂及心功能的影响

目的探讨曲美他嗪联合阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者血脂、心功能的影响。方法将178例冠心病患者按随机数字法分为2组,每组89例。对照组给予阿托伐他汀,观察组在此基础上加用曲美他嗪组。治疗后,比较两组血脂[总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)]、心绞痛情况(发作次数、每次持续时间)、心功能[左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)]、不良反应情况。结果治疗后,两组TC、TG、LDL-C水平显著改善(P0.05),且观察组TC、TG、LDL-C水平显著低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组心绞痛发作次数、每次持续时间均显著减少(P0.05),且观察组心绞痛发作次数、每次持续时间显著低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,观察组LVEDD、LVESD水平显著低于对照组(P0.05),而观察组LVEF水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论曲美他嗪联合阿托伐他汀可有效改善冠心病患者血脂和心功能。     

脂蛋白(a)、血脂、尿酸联合检测在青龙满族自治县居民冠心病的诊断价值

目的探讨脂蛋白(a)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、尿酸联合检测在青龙满族自治县居民冠心病的价值。方法 2014年8月至2016年10月按照分层抽样法,对6 640例居民进行调查,将其中2 000例疑似患有冠心病的青龙满族自治县居民作为本次研究对象。对1 200例患者行冠脉CT检查,800例患者行冠状动脉造影,其中704例为非冠心病,为非冠心病组,1 296例确诊为冠心病,为冠心病组。比较两组研究对象脂蛋白(a)、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、尿酸水平及其与冠心病的相关性。结果冠心病组TC、LDL-C、脂蛋白(a)及尿酸水平明显高于非冠心病组,而HDL-C水平显著低于非冠心病组,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者TG水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。血脂及尿酸水平对冠心病具有较好的预测价值,而联合常用血脂指标及尿酸其阳性预测值明显提高;联合检测的似然比也明显高于单个血脂或尿酸水平。冠心病组TC、LDL-C、脂蛋白(a)、尿酸的异常率明显高于非冠心病组,TG在两组间的异常率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。TC、LDL-C、脂蛋白(a)、尿酸水平与冠心病的发生相关(P0.05),而TG、HDL-C与冠心病的发生无相关性(P0.05)。结论脂蛋白(a)、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、尿酸联合检测可提高对冠心病的诊断正确率,具有重要诊断价值。     

脑梗死患者血脂、载脂蛋白、血尿酸水平的变化及其临床价值探讨

目的探讨脑梗死患者血脂、载脂蛋白、血尿酸水平的变化及其临床价值。方法选取本院2017年2月-2018年10月收治的脑梗死患者36例纳入病例组,同期门诊健康体检者36例纳入对照组。采用改良Rankin量表(MRs)评分于患者发病后90天判定患者预后,分为预后良好组与预后不良组。比较病例组与对照组、预后良好组与预后不良组的血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(apo A1)、载脂蛋白B(apo B)、血尿酸(UA)水平。结果病例组与对照组的TC、TG、apoB的差异无统计学意义(P0.05);病例组LDL-C、UA显著高于对照组,HDL-C、apoA1显著低于对照组(P0.05)。经随访结果证实,20例患者预后良好,16例患者预后不良,2组患者的TC、TG、apoB的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。预后不良组的LDL-C、UA显著高于预后良好组,HDL-C、apoA1显著低于预后良好组(P0.05)。结论脑梗死患者的血脂、载脂蛋白、血尿酸水平与正常人群相比变化明显,且上述指标变化幅度越大,预后不良的风险越高,可提供临床指导。     

瑞舒伐他汀钙片对冠心病合并心力衰竭患者的治疗效果

目的分析瑞舒伐他汀钙片对冠心病合并心力衰竭患者的血脂指标、心功能与炎症因子水平的影响。方法选择收治的75例冠心病合并心力衰竭患者为研究对象,并分为对照组和实验组,分别在常规治疗基础上应用常规剂量瑞舒伐他汀钙、高剂量瑞舒伐他汀钙治疗。比较2组临床治疗效果,治疗前后血脂指标、心功能、炎症因子水平及不良反应发生情况。结果实验组治疗优良率为97. 30%,显著高于对照组的78. 95%(P 0. 05)。治疗前,2组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);治疗后,实验组LDL-C显著高于对照组,HDL-C、TG、TC显著低于对照组(P 0. 05)。治疗前,2组左室收缩期内径(LVESD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)比较无显著差异(P 0. 05);治疗后,实验组LVEF显著高于对照组,LVESD、LVEDD显著低于对照组(P 0. 05)。治疗前,2组脑钠肽(BNP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);治疗后,实验组上述指标均显著低于对照组(P 0. 05)。2组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论在冠心病合并心力衰竭治疗中应用瑞舒伐他汀钙片,可改善患者血脂指标,强化心功能,减轻炎症反应,不良反应较少。     

慢性肾衰竭患者血清铁蛋白与血脂代谢的相关性分析

目的探讨慢性肾衰竭患者血清铁蛋白与血脂代谢的相关性。方法选择2015年3月至2017年3月该院收治的慢性肾衰竭患者163例作为观察组;另选择该院同期健康体检者53例作为对照组。两组研究对象均于清晨空腹抽取外周静脉血,分离血清,采用比色分析法测定血肌酐和尿素氮水平,采用电化学发光法测定血清铁蛋白水平,采用比色法测定血脂代谢指标水平。结果观察组血肌酐和尿素氮水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组血清铁蛋白水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)水平高于对照组,而高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);血清铁蛋白与LDL-C、TG和TC呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关。结论慢性肾衰竭患者血清铁蛋白水平升高,且存在血脂代谢紊乱,血清铁蛋白与血脂指标LDL-C、TG和TC呈正相关而与HDL-C呈负相关。     

冠心病患者血清胆固醇对脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2活性水平的影响

目的探讨冠心病患者血清胆固醇对脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)活性水平的影响。方法选取高胆固醇血症患者(Ⅰ组)、冠心病患者(Ⅱ组)、冠心病合并高胆固醇血症患者(Ⅲ组)、健康体检人员(对照组)各61例,比较各组血脂指标、相关生化指标,分析Lp-PLA2与各指标的相关性。结果Ⅲ组总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、Lp-PLA2、胱抑素C(CysC)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)均明显高于对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组(P0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)明显低于对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组(P0.05)。Ⅱ组TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、Lp-PLA2均明显低于对照组(P0.05),TG、hs-CRP、CysC、Hcy均明显高于对照组,TC、TG、LDL-C、hs-CRP、Lp-PLA2、CysC、Hcy均明显低于Ⅰ组(P0.05),HDL-C明显高于Ⅰ组(P0.05)。Ⅰ组TC、TG、LDL-C、hs-CRP、Lp-PLA2、CysC、Hcy均明显高于对照组(P0.05),而HDL-C明显低于对照组(P0.05)。Lp-PLA2与TC、LDL-C呈正相关(r分别为0.347,0.735,P0.05)。结论冠心病患者血清胆固醇对Lp-PLA2活性水平有明显影响,可显著提高其生物活性。     

Migraine and genetic and acquired vasculopathies

It is remarkable that migraine is a prominent part of the phenotype of several genetic vasculopathies, including cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy (CADASIL), retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy (RVCL) and hereditary infantile hemiparessis, retinal arteriolar tortuosity and leukoencephalopahty (HIHRATL). The mechanisms by which these genetic vasculopathies give rise to migraine are still unclear. Common genetic susceptibility, increased susceptibility to cortical spreading depression (CSD) and vascular endothelial dysfunction are among the possible explanations. The relation between migraine and acquired vasculopathies such as ischaemic stroke and coronary heart disease has long been established, further supporting a role of the (cerebral) blood vessels in migraine. This review focuses on genetic and acquired vasculopathies associated with migraine. We speculate how genetic and acquired vascular mechanisms might be involved in migraine.     

Fibrinogen and fibrin structure and functions

Fibrinogen molecules are comprised of two sets of disulfide-bridged Aalpha-, Bbeta-, and gamma-chains. Each molecule contains two outer D domains connected to a central E domain by a coiled-coil segment. Fibrin is formed after thrombin cleavage of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) from fibrinogen Aalpha-chains, thus initiating fibrin polymerization. Double-stranded fibrils form through end-to-middle domain (D:E) associations, and concomitant lateral fibril associations and branching create a clot network. Fibrin assembly facilitates intermolecular antiparallel C-terminal alignment of gamma-chain pairs, which are then covalently 'cross-linked' by factor XIII ('plasma protransglutaminase') or XIIIa to form 'gamma-dimers'. In addition to its primary role of providing scaffolding for the intravascular thrombus and also accounting for important clot viscoelastic properties, fibrin(ogen) participates in other biologic functions involving unique binding sites, some of which become exposed as a consequence of fibrin formation. This review provides details about fibrinogen and fibrin structure, and correlates this information with biological functions that include: (i) suppression of plasma factor XIII-mediated cross-linking activity in blood by binding the factor XIII A2B2 complex. (ii) Non-substrate thrombin binding to fibrin, termed antithrombin I (AT-I), which down-regulates thrombin generation in clotting blood. (iii) Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)-stimulated plasminogen activation by fibrin that results from formation of a ternary tPA-plasminogen-fibrin complex. Binding of inhibitors such as alpha2-antiplasmin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-2, lipoprotein(a), or histidine-rich glycoprotein, impairs plasminogen activation. (iv) Enhanced interactions with the extracellular matrix by binding of fibronectin to fibrin(ogen). (v) Molecular and cellular interactions of fibrin beta15-42. This sequence binds to heparin and mediates platelet and endothelial cell spreading, fibroblast proliferation, and capillary tube formation. Interactions between beta15-42 and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, an endothelial cell receptor, also promote capillary tube formation and angiogenesis. These activities are enhanced by binding of growth factors like fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1. (vi) Fibrinogen binding to the platelet alpha(IIb)beta3 receptor, which is important for incorporating platelets into a developing thrombus. (vii) Leukocyte binding to fibrin(ogen) via integrin alpha(M)beta2 (Mac-1), which is a high affinity receptor on stimulated monocytes and neutrophils.     

Telemedicine and teleradiology technologies and applications

Summary. Telemedicine and teleradiology hold the key for improving future health care delivery. In this paper we first review current communication and computer technologies used in telemedicine and teleradiology. Five examples in teleradiology applications are given including hospital-integrated picture archiving and communication systems, tele-neuro-imaging, telemammography, university consortium teleradiology service, and teleradiology for second opinion. Parameters important to teleradiology applications like costs, image quality, system reliability, and turn around time are considered. Data security is discussed, including patient confidentiality and image authenticity-which will be a major issue in future teleradiology applications.     

创伤高血糖与感染和MODS早期诊断和干预

本文详细介绍了创伤后血糖应激适度理论,以及高血糖与感染和多器官功能不全综合征的关系;提出涉及胰岛B细胞功能不全的MODS实验诊断新方案和极化液个体化干预新措施,可早期发现创伤MODS、降低感染率及MODS发生率和病死率。     

腹膜后纤维化与肾积水发生关系的临床研究

目的：探讨腹膜后纤维化（RPF）导致肾积水的原因及诊治经验。方法：回顾分析2004年1月—2010年12月24例腹膜后纤维化致肾积水患者的诊治资料。结果：（1）RPF患者常见首发症状为腰背痛或腹痛（69.2%）;（2）红细胞沉降率（ESR）增快和血清IgG4升高最常见。超声检查仅提示上尿路积水。RPF的静脉肾盂造影（IVP）和CT尿路成像（CTU）表现具有特征性。IVP肾盂输尿管显影不良时,CTU能较清晰的显示上尿路影像。CT扫描发现腹膜后软组织肿块9例（37.5%）,优于超声检查;（3）输尿管松解和腹腔化手术治疗22例;行肾切除术1例;行输尿管置双J管术1例。最终确诊为继发性RPF8例,其中4例为术前诊断,3例为术中腹膜后软组织肿块冷冻活检证实,1例为术后病理证实;（4）特发性RPF手术后肾积水均获长期缓解,而继发性RPF的预后取决于原发疾病及其治疗方案。结论：影像学检查是诊断RPF的重要手段,CTU优于超声检查和IVP。输尿管松解和腹腔化手术可以使特发性RPF输尿管梗阻得到长期的缓解,术中对肿块进行冷冻活检有助于鉴别特发性和继发性RPF,及时调整治疗方案。     

探讨儿童慢性顽固性咳嗽与支原体感染的关系及临床治疗观察

目的探讨儿童慢性顽固性咳嗽与肺炎支原体（MP）感染的关系及临床疗效观察。方法采用回顾性研究方法对于现将2005年3月至2008年3月在我院的55例确诊慢性顽固性咳嗽患儿,主要表现为肺炎支原体感染为临床特点进行分析,并进一步临床治疗研究。结果①临床特点：在55例确诊慢性咳嗽的患儿中,以慢性顽固性咳嗽为主要症状。58％（32／55）的病例无肺部体征;②外周血：85％（47／55）的病例外周血变化不大,WBC（4—10）×10 9／L之间,嗜酸性粒细胞增多;③特别检查：47．27％（26／55）肺炎支原体IgM（MP—IgM）抗体阳性,83．64％（46／55）PeR技术检测肺炎支原体特异性DNA;④X光报告为多种形式。结论肺炎支原体（MP）感染是引起儿童慢性顽固性咳嗽的病因之一,对儿童慢性咳嗽,特别是顽固性咳嗽的诊治中应更加重视。     

Acetaminophen and acetylcysteine dose and duration: Past,present and future

Abstract

Acetylcysteine has been utilized successfully in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose since the 1970s. Although prospective trials as to efficacy and safety of acetylcysteine were conducted, there were no randomized controlled trials. This commentary addresses the reasons for this, and the background to choice of dose of acetylcysteine utilized in the oral and IV dosing regimens. Nomograms to predict possible hepatotoxicity based upon time of ingestion of acetaminophen were developed from a relatively arbitrary definition of toxicity as an aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (ALT/AST) greater than 1000 IU/L. While these have proved generally useful, patients still continue to develop hepatic damage after acetaminophen overdose, particularly if they present late after ingestion. The optimum management of these patients remains unclear, and one area of uncertainty is the dose and duration of acetylcysteine in various circumstances. This article discusses the issues that need to be elucidated to better target changes in acetylcysteine dose. The potential for measurements of other markers to improve treatment selection is the subject of further research.     

Physician and Nurse Practitioner Teamwork and Job Satisfaction: Gender and Profession

Designing interprofessional primary care teams composed of physicians and nurse practitioners (NPs) is a national priority. We assessed how profession and gender affect teamwork and job satisfaction among primary care physicians and NPs by using survey data from 186 physicians and 398 NPs practicing in New York State. Our regression models show profession (NP vs physician) moderates the associations of gender with teamwork and job satisfaction. Among NPs, men had higher job satisfaction than women. Among physicians, women had higher job satisfaction than men. Our results can benefit interprofessional primary care teams to optimize their professional and gender mix.