社区健康教育程序对康复期精神分裂症患者的影响

目的 探讨康复期精神分裂症患者实施社区健康教育程序的效果.方法 将198例康复期精神分裂症患者随机分为观察组和对照组各99例,时照组出院不作特殊安排;观察组患者严格按照评估、目标、计划、实施、评价5步健康教育程序,进行为期6个月的社区健康教育.采用自制问卷评价患者干预前后的精神分裂症相关知识知晓率、健康信念形成率和服药依从性.结果 观察组患者精神分裂症相关知识知晓率、健康信念形成率和服药依从性显著优于对照组(均P＜0.05).结论 社区护理健康教育程序可使健康干预和服务从医院走向社会和家庭,可改善患者生存质量,帮助其更好地回归社会.     

社区健康教育程序对康复期精神分裂症患者的影响

目的探讨康复期精神分裂症患者实施社区健康教育程序的效果。方法将198例康复期精神分裂症患者随机分为观察组和对照组各99例，对照组出院不作特殊安排；观察组患者严格按照评估、目标、计划、实施、评价5步健康教育程序，进行为期6个月的社区健康教育。采用自制问卷评价患者干预前后的精神分裂症相关知识知晓率、健康信念形成率和服药依从性。结果观察组患者精神分裂症相关知识知晓率、健康信念形成率和服药依从性显著优于对照纽（均P〈0．05）。结论社区护理健康教育程序可使健康干预和服务从医院走向社会和家庭，可改善患者生存质量，帮助其更好地回归社会。     

个案管理对社区精神分裂症患者服药依从性和生活质量的影响

目的探讨个案管理对社区精神分裂症患者服药依从性和生活质量的影响。方法选取精神卫生中心2个辖区的社区精神分裂症患者100例,按社区分为观察组和对照组各50例,对照组按常规接受门诊随访,观察组实施个案管理,即成立个案管理团队,由精神科护士为患者建立档案,于建档后第1、3、6、12个月上门对患者进行个案随访,根据个案管理随访记录表内容对患者进行评估并进行针对性的干预。于入组时及干预1年后采用简明依从性评定量表和生存质量测定量表简表测评干预效果。结果干预后观察组服药依从率显著高于对照组(P0.01);两组生活质量评分比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论对社区精神分裂症患者实施个案管理有助于改善其服药依从性,提高其生活质量,是一种较为有效的医院-社区管理模式。     

个案管理对社区精神分裂症患者服药依从性和生活质量的影响

目的 探讨个案管理对社区精神分裂症患者服药依从性和生活质量的影响.方法 选取精神卫生中心2个辖区的社区精神分裂症患者100例,按社区分为观察组和对照组各50例,对照组按常规接受门诊随访,观察组实施个案管理,即成立个案管理团队,由精神科护士为患者建立档案,于建档后第1、3、6、12个月上门对患者进行个案随访,根据个案管理随访记录表内容对患者进行评估并进行针对性的干预.于入组时及干预1年后采用简明依从性评定量表和生存质量测定量表简表测评干预效果.结果 干预后观察组服药依从率显著高于对照组（P＜0.01）;两组生活质量评分比较,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）.结论 对社区精神分裂症患者实施个案管理有助于改善其服药依从性,提高其生活质量,是一种较为有效的医院-社区管理模式.     

康复期精神分裂症患者的药物管理技能训练

目的 探讨药物管理技能训练对康复期精神分裂症患者的影响.方法 选取康复期精神分裂症患者94例,随机分为观察组(50例)和对照组(44例),对照组进行常规护理,观察组增加药物管理技能训练,对两组患者随访1年.采用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)、自知力与治疗态度问卷量表(ITAQ)评价患者的病情,自拟服药依从性调查表比较其效果.结果 现察组出院半年和1年末,BPRS评分显著低于对照组,ITAQ评分显著高于对照组,服药依从性显著高于对照组,复发率显著低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论 药物管理技能训练能提高患者服药治疗依从性,对预防复发、改善预后有一定的促进作用.     

康复期精神分裂症患者的药物管理技能训练

目的探讨药物管理技能训练对康复期精神分裂症患者的影响。方法选取康复期精神分裂症患者94例,随机分为观察组（50例）和对照组（44例）,对照组进行常规护理,观察组增加药物管理技能训练,对两组患者随访1年。采用简明精神病评定量表（BPRS）、自知力与治疗态度问卷量表（ITAQ）评价患者的病情,自拟服药依从性调查表比较其效果。结果观察组出院半年和1年末,BPRS评分显著低于对照组,ITAQ评分显著高于对照组,服药依从性显著高于对照组,复发率显著低于对照组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。结论药物管理技能训练能提高患者服药治疗依从性,对预防复发、改善预后有一定的促进作用。     

基于社会认知理论的反馈式教育对全膝关节置换术后患者康复的影响

目的 探讨基于社会认知理论的反馈式教育对全膝关节置换术后出院患者短期康复的效果。方法 将100例单侧全膝关节置换术患者随机分为对照组和观察组各50例。对照组采用常规干预,观察组在社会认知理论指导下设计基于反馈式教育的康复方案并进行干预。比较两组出院前及出院4周的康复锻炼自我效能、康复锻炼依从性、膝关节评分、膝关节活动度以及生活质量。结果 出院后第4周,观察组康复锻炼自我效能,康复锻炼依从性,膝关节评分,膝关节屈曲角度、伸展角度及生活质量评分显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 基于社会认知理论的反馈式教育可提高全膝关节置换术后患者的锻炼依从性及自我效能,促进膝关节功能恢复。     

Orem自理模式在脑卒中康复期患者随访中的应用

目的探讨Orem自理模式在脑卒中康复期患者随访中的应用效果。方法随机将2个社区的脑卒中康复期患者100例分为观察组和对照组各50例。对照组出院后按常规进行随访;观察组出院时采用中文版脑卒中影响量表(Stroke Impact Scale,SIS)测评患者生存质量,根据患者SIS测评结果,以Orem自理模式为指导,为患者制定个体化的家庭康复训练方案,进行为期3个月的护理干预及随访。于出院时及干预后1、3个月分别对两组患者进行生存质量评定分析。结果两组患者SIS总分及力气、情绪、日常活动能力、行动能力、手功能、社会参与6个领域得分随康复时间的延长均呈现上升趋势。两组比较,除记忆与思维、交流得分外,干预主效应及时间效应均P<0.01,且时间与干预方法二者有交互作用(P<0.05)。结论对脑卒中康复期患者实施以Orem自理模式为指导制定的家庭康复护理方案,能有效提高脑卒中患者的生存质量。     

基于自我管理的5A模式用于缺血性脑卒中支架成形术后患者随访

目的探讨基于自我管理的5A模式随访对缺血性脑卒中支架成形术后患者服药依从性、自我效能及日常生活活动能力的影响。方法将2015年10月至2016年12月纳入的缺血性脑卒中支架成形术患者50例作为对照组,出院后行普通门诊管理;2017年1月至2018年1月50例患者作为观察组,行5A模式随访管理。应用Morisky服药依从性量表、一般自我效能感量表和Barthel指数(BI评分)分别于出院时、出院后6个月、12个月对患者进行评分。结果两组服药依从性、自我效能感及BI评分的组间效应、时间效应及交互效应差异有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论基于自我管理的5A模式随访能提高缺血性脑卒中支架成形术后患者日常生活活动能力,维持患者较好的服药依从性,增强患者的自我效能感。     

基于人际关系理论的延续性护理模式在复发性多软骨炎患者的应用

目的探讨基于人际关系理论的延续性护理模式在复发性多软骨炎患者中的应用效果。方法将96例复发性多软骨炎患者随机分为观察组(n=47)和对照组(n=46),对照组按常规进行延续性护理,主要措施包括出院前健康宣教、发放健康宣教手册、电话随访、家庭访视、建立微信群等。观察组在对照组基础上实施基于人际关系理论的延续性护理。于干预前及干预6个月后测评服药依从性和生存质量。结果干预后观察组服药依从性及生存质量得分显著高于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论基于人际关系理论的延续性护理模式用于复发性多软骨炎患者具有可行性,能够提高患者的服药依从性和生存质量。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Immunomodulation in Transplantation with Photopheresis

Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.