Secondary prosthetic iris implantation following traumatic total aniridia and pseudophakia

We present 2 pseudophakic patients who had traumatic episodes that resulted in total expulsion of the iris without disturbing the intraocular lens (IOL). Because of intolerable glare, each patient was managed by reopening the fibrosed capsular bag and implanting 2 multi-finned prosthetic iris devices through a small incision, leaving the IOL in place. Following surgery, glare was no longer present and excellent visual acuity was maintained. We believe these are the first pseudophakic patients with traumatic total aniridia to be managed by this approach.     

带虹膜隔人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障合并虹膜缺损的疗效观察

目的　评价带虹膜隔人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障合并虹膜缺损的疗效 ,探讨术后并发症的发生机制。方法　收集 2 5例 (2 7只眼 )行带虹膜隔人工晶状体植入术患者 ,分析手术疗效和并发症的发生情况 ,同时应用房角镜和超声生物显微镜 (UBM)观察术后发生继发性青光眼患者的房角结构和人工晶状体襻位置。术后随访时间 3～ 18个月。结果　术后患者畏光症状明显减轻或完全消失 ;术后视力较术前提高≥ 2行 2 0只眼 (74 1% ) ,变化 <1行 5只眼 (18 5 % ) ,下降 >2行 2只眼(7 4 % )。术后并发症包括继发性青光眼 10只眼 (37 0 % )、散光度数≥ 2 0 0D 17只眼 (6 3 0 % )、角膜失代偿 2只眼 (7 4 % )、前房出血 2只眼 (7 4 % )、玻璃体出血 3只眼 (11 1% )、视网膜脱离 1只眼(3 7% )。在继发性青光眼 10只眼 2 0只人工晶状体襻中 ,9只襻准确固定在睫状沟内 ,其他位置包括前房角、睫状突及睫状突后。房角改变包括房角后退、残留虹膜根部前粘连、房角关闭。结论　带虹膜隔人工晶状体植入术可有效治疗白内障合并虹膜缺损 ;术后继发性青光眼主要与房角损伤有关 ,人工晶状体襻位置异常、眼内出血、持续性炎性反应也参与其发生。     

Combined cataract phacoemulsification and aniridia endocapsular rings implantation in a patient with bilateral congenital aniridia and cataract: A case report

The objective of this article was to determine the long-term outcome of surgical treatment in a patient with bilateral congenital aniridia and congenital cataracts. The patient was treated by cataract removal and implantation of a single piece IOL in both eyes. Two aniridia rings were also implanted in the capsular bag. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), stability of the intraocular lens (IOL) and subjective glare reduction were measured for two years after the surgery. After 10 months, the IOP in the left eye had increased to 26 mmHg despite the fact that anti-glaucoma medication was added. Therefore, the patient was scheduled for an Ahmed valve implantation. These results suggest that good visual outcomes can be achieved in patients with bilateral congenital aniridia and cataracts. Nevertheless, the IOPs must be continuously monitored, and glaucoma screening performed to prevent further complications.     

带虹膜隔人工晶状体植入术治疗外伤性白内障伴虹膜缺损的临床研究

目的探讨带虹膜隔人工晶状体植入术治疗外伤性白内障伴虹膜大部分缺损或虹膜全无的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析18例(18眼)因外伤性白内障伴大部分虹膜缺损或虹膜全无,行带虹膜隔人工晶状体植入术患者的资料。其中仍有少部分虹膜存在者10眼,虹膜全无者8眼;Ⅰ期植入带虹膜隔人工晶状体4眼,Ⅱ期植入带虹膜隔人工晶状体14眼。对术前和术后的视力及手术并发症进行分析。结果术后视力>0.8者2眼,0.5~0.8者6眼,0.1~0.4者10眼。14眼术前有明显畏光症状的患者,术后畏光症状完全消除者12眼,2眼畏光症状明显减轻。手术并发症包括2眼术中发生睫状体少量出血,1眼术中发生人工晶状体攀断裂,7眼术后出现角膜内皮轻度混浊,2眼术后出现前房少量出血,1眼术后玻璃体出血,2眼术后出现继发高眼压,经处理后均得到了控制。结论带虹膜隔人工晶状体植入手术治疗外伤性白内障伴大部分虹膜缺损或虹膜全无是安全、有效的。     

Keratopathy in congenital aniridia

Although the most apparent clinical finding in aniridia is the absence of iris tissue, additional ocular structures are often affected. Mutations of the Pax 6 gene, which is important for eye development, have been identified in families with members affected by aniridia. Poor vision in aniridic eyes may be the result of macular hypoplasia, nystagmus, amblyopia, cataracts, glaucoma, and corneal disease, termed aniridic keratopathy. Advances in surgical techniques have improved management of some of the visually disabling manifestations of aniridia, but aniridic keratopathy remains a significant source of visual loss. We have conducted a large, retrospective study of patients with aniridia to gain information about the natural course of aniridic keratopathy. In this paper, we report the results of our study, as well as findings reported in the literature. Penetrating keratoplasty alone has not been a successful treatment for severe stromal scarring, as it does not treat the underlying epithelial causes of corneal disease. However, it has been successful in corneas that have achieved stable epithelium following limbal stem cell transplantation.     

Prosthetic iris implantation for congenital, traumatic, or functional iris deficiencies.

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy and safety of surgical implantation of prosthetic iris devices in patients with anatomic or functional iris deficiencies. SETTING: Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. METHODS: Twenty-five patients were enrolled in an interventional prospective noncomparative case series. Twenty-eight eyes had prosthetic iris diaphragm implantation for traumatic iris defects, congenital aniridia or iris coloboma, herpetic iris atrophy, surgical iris loss, or ocular albinism. Prosthetic iris implantation was performed with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in 20 eyes, secondary IOL implantation in 6 eyes, and IOL exchange in 1 eye. A single pseudophakic eye with disabling glare secondary to traumatic aniridia had secondary prosthetic iris implantation alone. The surgical ease of insertion, intraoperative and postoperative complications, postoperative anatomic results, visual acuity, and subjective glare reduction were evaluated. RESULTS: Patients were followed postoperatively for a mean of 10.2 months (range 1.4 to 25.7 months). All eyes achieved the desired anatomic result. Visual acuity was improved in 22 of 28 eyes (79%), unchanged in 5 eyes, and worsened by a single line in 1 eye. Patients were surveyed postoperatively to determine the change in glare disability. The severity of glare disability was subjectively improved in 23 of 24 patients (96%) who responded to the survey. Intraoperative complications included 3 fractured implants as well as an incomplete or torn capsulorhexis in 3 eyes. Postoperative complications included transient hypotony in 2 eyes, mild persistent inflammation in 1 eye, and macular edema followed by a retinal detachment in 1 eye with recent severe trauma. CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of prosthetic iris devices improved postoperative outcomes by reducing glare disability and, in selected cases, by correcting aphakia. Although operating on traumatized, congenitally aniridic, or uveitic eyes presents special challenges, implantation of prosthetic iris devices appears to be a safe and effective method for reducing the ubiquitous glare in patients with iris deficiency.     

无虹膜眼人工晶状体植入术

目的：探讨无虹膜眼人工晶状体植入术的手术方法，并评价其疗效。方法：对46例（47眼）无无虹膜眼人工晶状体植入术。其中外伤性白内障42眼，先天性白内障5眼。手术方式：晶状体玻璃体切除人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定术、囊袋内人工晶状体植入术、带虹膜隔人工晶状体植入术及联合穿透性角膜移植术。随访1－14月，平均4．8月。结果：47眼手术顺利，术后人工晶状体位置正。术后矫正视力≥0．5者33眼（70．21％），0．1－0．4者12眼（25．56％）；术后4眼眼压升高，10眼前房纤维蛋白渗出。无严重远期并发症。结论：无虹膜眼人工晶状体植入是可行的，但患者眼部情况复杂，应根据眼部具体情况选择手术方式和人工晶状体的类型。影响术后视力恢复的主要因素是散光。     

Phacoemulsification and foldable lens implantation in a patient with congenital aniridia and glaucoma

A 37-year-old woman with congenital aniridia and open-angle glaucoma underwent phacoemulsification with implantation of a foldable intraocular lens in her right eye. After an uneventful surgery and postoperative period, the visual acuity improved from 0.1 to 0.5 in the right eye. This may be the first report of phacoemulsification and foldable lens implantation in a patient with congenital aniridia.     

Black diaphragm aniridia intraocular lens for congenital aniridia: long-term follow-up

PURPOSE: To present long-term results of implantation of a black diaphragm aniridia intraocular lens (IOL) in eyes with congenital aniridia. SETTING: Eye Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany. METHODS: Cataract surgery was performed in 19 eyes of 14 patients with congenital aniridia. The black diaphragm aniridia IOL was implanted in front of the capsular bag in the ciliary sulcus. Mean patient age was 30 years (range 10 to 59 years) and mean follow-up, 46 months (range 12 to 84 months). Before surgery, corneal epithelial disorders; corneal pannus; cataract; hypoplasia of the macula, optic nerve, or both; and nystagmus were present in all 19 eyes. Clinically detectable glaucoma was present in 5 eyes. RESULTS: Despite the presence of amblyopia and nystagmus, visual acuity improved in 14 of the 19 eyes. The main postoperative problems were glaucoma deterioration (4 of 19 eyes) or development (4 of 19 eyes), cystoid macular edema (2 of 11 eyes), chronic endothelial cell loss (3 of 11 eyes), and progression of corneal epithelial disorders (4 of 19 eyes). Glaucoma was controlled by medical or surgical therapy in all patients. Intraocular lens explantation was performed in 2 eyes with glaucoma. CONCLUSION: Implantation of the black diaphragm aniridia IOL improved visual acuity in the majority of patients with a variety of endogenous problems in addition to aniridia.     

Artificial intelligence applications and cataract management: A systematic review

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based applications exhibit the potential to improve the quality and efficiency of patient care in different fields, including cataract management. A systematic review of the different applications of AI-based software on all aspects of a cataract patient's management, from diagnosis to follow-up, was carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. All selected articles were analyzed to assess the level of evidence according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 guidelines, and the quality of evidence according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Of the articles analyzed, 49 met the inclusion criteria. No data synthesis was possible for the heterogeneity of available data and the design of the available studies. The AI-driven diagnosis seemed to be comparable and, in selected cases, to even exceed the accuracy of experienced clinicians in classifying disease, supporting the operating room scheduling, and intraoperative and postoperative management of complications. Considering the heterogeneity of data analyzed, however, further randomized controlled trials to assess the efficacy and safety of AI application in the management of cataract should be highly warranted.     

Simultaneous correction of post-traumatic aphakia and aniridia with the use of artificial iris and IOL implantation

Background

Combined post-traumatic aniridia and aphakia demand extensive and complex reconstructive surgery. We present our approach for simultaneous correction of this surgical situation with the use of the ArtificialIris (Dr. Schmidt Intraocularlinsen GmbH, Germany) with a foldable acrylic IOL Lentis L-313 (Oculentis, GmbH, Germany) sutured to its surface. The novelty (our first operation was on June 2010) of this surgical technique is based on the combined use of foldable (with closed haptics) IOL and Artificialiris to correct post-traumatic aniridia and aphakia.

Methods

Four consecutive cases of combined post-traumatic lesions of iris and lens, corrected with complex device ArtificialIris and foldable IOL. In two cases, the compound implant was sutured to the sclera in sulcus during the penetrating keratoplasty; in another case, it was positioned through a corneal incision of about 5.0 mm with transscleral fixation, and in one patient with preserved capsular support and possibility of IOL in-the-bag implantation the ArtificialIris was placed in sulcus sutureless through a clear corneal tunnel.

Results

Maximal follow-up was 6 months. The complex device was placed firmly fixed within the sulcus, including in the eye implanted without sutures, and showed a stable and centered position without any tilt or torque.

Conclusion

Management of post-traumatic aniridia combined with aphakia by haptic fixation of a foldable acrylic IOL on a foldable iris prosthesis appears to be a promising approach which gives the surgeon the possibility to correct a complex lesion with one procedure, which is less traumatic and faster. Existence of foldable materials, both iris and IOL, permits relatively small corneal incisions (4.0–5.0 mm). Moreover, the custom-tailored iris prosthesis gives a perfect aesthetic result.     

Bilateral congenital aniridia: 5 case reports

INTRODUCTION: Aniridia is a rare familial or sporadic disorder affecting not only the iris but also the cornea, angle structures, lens, optic nerve, and fovea. This disorder may be associated with many other systemic abnormalities such as urogenital malignancies. CASE REPORTS: A 44-Year-old man who complained of visual loss presented bilateral congenital aniridia with corneal dystrophy and dense cataract. His 12-Year-old daughter also presented visual loss with severe bilateral corneal dystrophy and total congenital cataract associated with aniridia. Two other daughters, 18 and 23 Years of age, and an 11-Year-old son had nystagmus with bilateral congenital cataract and ectopia lentis. Clinical and radiological investigations did not disclose evidence of extraocular abnormalities in this family. Three patients underwent cataract extraction without intraocular implantation and the aphakia was corrected with glasses. All three patients progressed well. DISCUSSION: This family provided a good illustration of the different clinical spectra of ocular involvement in congenital aniridia and its management difficulties, above all those of cataract surgery and correction of aphakia. CONCLUSION: Aniridia is a genetic disease with possible association with other ocular and systemic disorders, which may compromise visual and vital prognosis. Genetic advice is very important in such families.     

Aniridia rings implantation for treatment of congenital aniridia combined with cataract surgery: a case report

We describe the successful treatment in a patient with bilateral congenital aniridia and cataract by insertion of capsular tension rings and IOL.