Cross-cultural adaptation,validity and reliability of Turkish version of Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire for children with congenital talipes equinovarus

BackgroundThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire (OxAFQ) to provide cultural adaptation.MethodsThis study involved translation, back translation, and cross-cultural adaptation. Forty-nine patients with congenital talipes equinovarus were evaluated using the Turkish version of OxAFQ. Turkish version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) was used as a gold standard to validate the Turkish version of the OxAFQ. The validation was assessed with Spearman correlation analysis by using CHAQ. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed with Cronbach alpha (internal consistency) and exploratory factor analysis.ResultsHigh validity was found between OxAFQ and CHAQ (r = -0.422?0.292) (p < 0.01). Reliability analysis showed that OxAFQ had a high level of Cronbach alpha (α = 0.88?0.96) and internal consistency (ICC = 0.90?0.96).ConclusionThe Turkish version of OxAFQ is a valid, reliable and useful quality of life questionnaire in patients with congenital talipes equinovarus and it is proper for use by health professionals and researchers.     

Development of the Organ Donation and Transplantation Knowledge Survey for Use in Asian American Adolescents

The need for kidney transplantation among Asian Americans is increasing owing to hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and the shortage of available organs. This need is likely to increase as the relatively young Asian population ages. However, knowledge about organ donation and transplantation in this population has been little investigated. The objectives of this study was to develop an Organ Donation and Transplantation Knowledge Survey for use in Asian Americans and to examine its psychometric properties. Internal consistency (Cronbach α) and factor analyses were used to determine the reliability and validity of the survey in 121 Asian American adolescents residing on the Big Island of Hawaii. Our results indicate that the survey had adequate reliability and was psychometrically valid for evaluating knowledge about organ donation and transplantation. More studies are needed to validate the usefulness and psychometric properties of the Organ Donation and Transplantation Knowledge Survey in other groups.     

Validation of the Turkish version of the Revised Foot Function Index for patients with foot and ankle disorders

BackgroundThe revised Foot Function Index (FFI-R) is a multidimensional instrument that was developed to assess a patient’s self-reported health-related foot function. The FFI-R is clinically useful and easy to apply, and it has comprehensive subscales assessing the pain, stiffness, psychosocial stress, disability, and activity limitations related to foot and ankle problems. The present study was conducted to validate the Turkish version of the FFI-R, and to demonstrate its use in a Turkish population with various foot and ankle problems.MethodsThe English version of the FFI-R was translated into Turkish, and then, it was administered to 124 patients (mean age of 39.9 years old) with foot and ankle problems and a mean symptom duration of 7.9 months. These patients completed two well-established foot and ankle-specific patient-reported outcome measures, the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOX-FQ), and a general instrument, the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). The test-retest reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient, and the internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha. The construct validity of the FFI-R was assessed by correlating its subscales with the FAOS, MOX-FQ, and SF-36 subscales.ResultsThe test-retest reliability of the FFI-R ranged between 0.84 and 0.97. The internal consistency was 0.97 for the overall FFI-R, and it ranged between 0.85 and 0.97 for the subscales. Significant correlations were obtained between the FFI-R subscales and the FAOS, MOX-FQ, and SF-36 subscales.ConclusionsThe Turkish version of the FFI-R was found to be a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the foot and ankle-related functional disability and health status of Turkish patients with foot and ankle problems.     

Reliability and validity of the Brachial Plexus Outcome Measure in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy

Study DesignClinical measurement and cross-sectional study.IntroductionNumerous scales have been developed to examine activities of daily living and function in children with brachial plexus palsy. The Brachial Plexus Outcome Measure (BPOM) scale was developed in 2012 by Emily S. Ho and contains 14 items that measure activity and self-evaluation.Purpose of the StudyThe aim of the study was to cross-culturally translate the BPOM scale into Turkish and test its measurement properties in children with brachial plexus palsy.MethodsThe scale was translated into Turkish using standard cross-cultural translation procedures. Forty-eight children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) were included in psychometric evaluations. Internal structure consistency and test-retest reliability were measured for reliability analyses. For each item on the scale, Cronbach alpha coefficient and item-total score correlations for all subscales were calculated. The scale was administered at baseline and 1 week later by 2 different physiotherapists to evaluate test-retest reliability. Concurrent construct validity was assessed using Pearson correlations between the OBPP and the Mallet classification system.ResultsEighteen (37.5%) girls and 30 (62%) boys, in total 48 children, whose mean age was 8.7 ± 2.4 (minimum-maximum = 5-14) years were included in the study; 9 (18.9%) have a history of both early microsurgery and tendon transfers and 39 (81.3%) have a history of only tendon transfer. Cronbach alpha ranged from 0.89 to 0.96, and for the whole scale, it was calculated as 0.938.DiscussionTest-retest reliability was high. Moderate correlations were observed between the measures.ConclusionThe Turkish BPOM scale is a valid and reliable measurement for assessing function in children with OBPP in the Turkish population.     

Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Japanese version of the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation

BackgroundThe Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation is a regionspecific, self-administered questionnaire consisting of a pain scale (PRWE-P) and a functional scale (PRWE-F), with the latter consisting of specific function (PRWE-SF) and usual function (PRWE-UF). The PRWE was cross-culturally adapted from the original English version by the Impairment Evaluation Committee, Japanese Society for Surgery of the Hand (JSSH). The purpose of this study was to test the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Japanese version of PRWE (PRWE-J).MethodsA consecutive series of 117 patients with wrist disorders completed the PRWE-J, the JSSH version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH-JSSH) questionnaire and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Of the 117 patients, 71 were reassessed for test-retest reliability 1 or 2 weeks later. Reliability was investigated by reproducibility and internal consistency. To analyze the validity, a factor analysis (principal axis factoring) of PRWE-J and correlation coefficients between PRWE-J and DASH-JSSH were obtained. Responsiveness was examined by calculating the standardized response mean (SRM) (mean change/SD) and effect size (mean change/SD of baseline value) after open surgery in 50 patients.ResultsCronbach’s α coefficients for PRWE-P, PRWE-F, and PRWE were 0.90, 0.95, and 0.95, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the same were 0.86, 0.93, and 0.92, respectively. Unidimensionality of PRWE-P was confirmed. Bidimensionality of PRWE-F was confirmed and separated clearly into PRWE-SF and PRWE-UF. The correlation coefficients between PRWE-P and PRWE-F or DASH-JSSH were 0.63 or 0.63, respectively. The correlation coefficient between PRWE-F and DASH-JSSH was 0.80. The correlation coefficients between DASH-JSSH and PRWE-SF or PRWE-UF were 0.76 or 0.73, respectively. Moderate correlation was observed in “physical functioning” for SF-36 and PRWE-SF (r = ?0.46), PRWE-F (r = ?0.46), or PRWE (r = ?0.46). The SRMs/effect sizes of PRWE-P, PRWE-F, or PRWE were respectively excellent: 1.7/2.2, 1.2/1.3, 1.6/1.9.ConclusionsThe PRWE-J has evaluation capacities equivalent to those of the original PRWE.     

Turkish adaptation of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Symptom Score and its validity and reliability

Introduction and hypothesis

The purpose of this study was to adapt the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Symptom Score (POP-SS) into Turkish and evaluate its reliability and validity.

Methods

The POP-SS was adapted into Turkish by following the steps of the intercultural adaptation process. One hundred and three women with symptomatic or asymptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (POP) completed the Turkish POP-SS and other valid and reliable Turkish tools for POP: Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory 6 (POPDI-6), Colorectal–Anal Distress Inventory 8 (CRADI-8), Urinary Distress Inventory 6 (UDI-6), Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory 20 (PFDI-20), and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Impact Questionnaire 7 (POPIQ-7). Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system was also used to assess pelvic support, and patients were divided into three groups based on POP-Q scores. Cronbach’s alpha was used to determine internal consistency, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was estimated for test–retest reliability. POP-SS validity was assessed by using the Spearman rank correlation and Kruskal–Wallis analyses. The underlying scale structure was determined by exploratory factor analysis.

Results

The POP-SS scale had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha?=?0.705) and test–retest reliability (ICC?=?0.981; p?<?0.001). Among groups, there was statistically significant differences in POP-SS scores. POP-SS scores were also significantly correlated with POPDI-6 (r?=?0.830), CRADI-8 (r?=?0.525), UDI-6 (r?=?0.385), PFDI-20 (r?=?0.752), and POPIQ-7 (r?=?0.690) (p?<?0.001). Two factors were identified by exploratory factor analysis.

Conclusions

The Turkish version of POP-SS is a valid and reliable tool for Turkish women with POP.

     

Differences in Organ Donation and Transplantation in States Within the United States and in European Countries: Is There a Benefit to Opting Out?

BackgroundOrgan donation in the United States currently requires explicit consent by an “opt-in” approach. Some European countries have reported an increase in donation rates with an “opt-out” strategy. We hypothesized that regional differences in decision making affect organ donation rates in different countries and suggest no single approach will reliably increase organ donation rates.MethodsDonation and transplantation rates in European countries and states within the United States with populations of >10 million and a minimum organ donation rate of 10 donors per million were compared. 2016 International Registry in Organ Donation and Transplantation data and the 2016 Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients annual report were used for European countries and US states, respectively. Comparisons by region and donation model were made.ResultsDeceased organ donor rates and transplants did not differ between opt-in and opt-out models. Living donation was increased in all opt-in entities. When comparing European countries, there was a trend toward higher organ donation rates in opt-out countries than in opt-in countries. Donation and transplantation rates of US states were higher than both European opt-in and opt-out countries.ConclusionThere were no differences in deceased donor organ donation when considering the donation consent model. These data do not support that an opt-out approach will increase the number of transplants in the United States.     

Validity and Reliability of Visual Analog Scale Foot and Ankle: The Turkish Version

The present study tested the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the visual analog scale foot and ankle (VAS-FA) among healthy subjects and patients with foot problems. A total of 128 participants, 65 healthy subjects and 63 patients with foot problems, were evaluated. The VAS-FA was translated into Turkish and administered to the 128 subjects on 2 separate occasions with a 5-day interval. The test–retest reliability and internal consistency were assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach's α. The validity was assessed using the correlations with Turkish versions of the Foot Function Index, the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score, and the Short-Form 36-item Health Survey. A statistically significant difference was found between the healthy group and the patient group in the overall score and subscale scores of the VAS-FA (p < .001). The internal consistency of the VAS-FA was very good, and the test–retest reliability was excellent. Adequate to good correlations were found between the overall VAS-FA score and the Foot Function Index, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score, and Short-Form 36-item Health Survey scores in the healthy and patient groups both. The Turkish version of the VAS-FA is sensitive enough to distinguish foot and ankle-specific pathologic conditions from asymptomatic conditions. The Turkish version of the VAS-FA is a reliable and valid method and can be used for foot-related problems.     

Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Japanese version of the patient-rated elbow evaluation

BackgroundThe patient-rated elbow evaluation (PREE) is a joint-specific, self-administered questionnaire consisting of a pain scale (PREE-P) and a functional scale (PREE-F), the latter consisting of specific function (PREE-SF) and usual function (PREE-UF). The purpose of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the PREE into Japanese (PREE-J) and to test its reliability, validity, and responsiveness.MethodsA consecutive series of 74 patients with elbow disorder completed the PREE-J, the Japanese version of the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH–JSSH) questionnaire, and the official Japanese version of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Of the 74 patients, 53 were reassessed for test–retest reliability 1 or 2 weeks later. Reliability was investigated in terms of reproducibility and internal consistency. The validity of the PREE-J was examined by factor analysis, and correlation coefficients were obtained using the PREE-J, DASH-JSSH, and SF-36. Responsiveness was examined by calculating the standardized response mean (SRM) and effect size after elbow surgery in 53 patients.ResultsCronbach’s α coefficients for PREE-P, PREE-F, and PREE were 0.92, 0.97, and 0.97, respectively, and the corresponding intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.92, 0.93, and 0.94, respectively. Unidimensionality of PREE-P and PREE-F was confirmed by factor analysis. The coefficients of correlation between PREE-P and PREE-F or DASH–JSSH were 0.81 and 0.74, respectively; that between PREE-F and DASH–JSSH was 0.86, and those between DASH–JSSH and PREE-SF or PREE-UF were 0.85 and 0.82, respectively. Moderate correlation was observed in “physical functioning” for SF-36 and PREE-F (r = ?0.69) or PREE (r = ?0.68). The SRMs/effect sizes of PREE-P (1.31/1.32) or PREE (1.28/1.12) were more responsive than the DASH–JSSH (0.99/0.85), “bodily pain” (?1.15/?1.43), and “physical functioning” (?0.70/?0.44) in SF-36.ConclusionThe PREE-J represents a reliable, valid, and responsive instrument and has evaluation capacities equivalent to those of the original PREE.     

Translation, cultural adaptation, initial reliability, and validation of the Kidney Disease and Quality of Life-Short Form (KDQOL-SF 1.3) in Turkey

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important factor that can interfere with treatment outcomes. The aim of the present study was cultural adaptation, validation, and translation of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form (KDQoL-SF 1.3) questionnaire into Turkish for the Turkish population. The KDQOL-SF was translated into Turkish and back-translated into English. Patient difficulties in understanding the questionnaire were evaluated and solved by a panel of experts. Measurement properties such as reliability and validity were determined by applying the questionnaire to 82 patients on dialysis, who were randomly selected from the dialysis units of 3 educational and research hospitals in Istanbul: 65% were females; mean patient age was 51 +/- 12 years. The most common primary causes of renal failure were glomerulonephritis (47%), hypertension (31%), and diabetes (7%). The median time on dialysis among the patients was 3 years. Test and retest methods were used for reliability. The total test-retest reliability Cronbach alpha coefficient of the Turkish KDQOL-SF questionnaire was 0.84 to 0.91. These coefficients were statistically significant (P < .05) for 19 dimensions of the KDQOL-SF that ranged from 0.75 to 0.91. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was higher than 0.80 for most components. To evaluate its construct validity, the KDQOL-SF was compared with the Turkish version of the 15D, an instrument for global assessment that contains 15 items divided into 5 dimensions. The scores range from 0 to 1 (0 = worse health status, 1 = better health status). Significant correlations were observed between the scores of the similar domains of the 15D and the KDQOL-SF. The best correlations were observed between physical functioning (KDQOL-SF) and mobility (15D; r = -.810) and between emotional well-being of (KDQOL-SF), and with the mental functions of 15D; (r = -.784), sexual function (KDQOL-SF) and sexual activity (15D; r = -.781), and patient satisfaction and distress (r = -.801). These findings support the construct validity of the new Turkish adapted KDQOL-SF. This study is reporting the complete process of translation and validation of the KDQOL-SF in the literature. These results demonstrate the high reliability and validity of this questionnaire for Turkish patients on dialysis.     

Reproducibility and validity of the Japanese version of the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index

BackgroundThe Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) is a self-report, disease-specific, quality-of-life assessment tool. Good reliability and validity have been demonstrated with several language versions of the WORC. In this study, the WORC was translated into Japanese, and its reproducibility and validity for use in Japanese patients with rotator cuff disorder were determined.Materials and methodsThe translated version of the WORC was certified by the developer of the original version. Of 78 consecutive Japanese patients with rotator cuff disorder, 75 completed the following questionnaires: the WORC; the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH); and the Short Form 36 (SF-36). In total, 50 patients completed the WORC twice within 2–14 days. Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, absolute reliability, and construct validity were assessed.ResultsCronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.78–0.95, and intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.72–0.84 for the total score as well as scores on all WORC domains. A fixed bias was revealed between the test and retest for the total score and scores of some domains. Limits of agreement (LOA) ranged from ?19.0–27.9 % for the total score on the WORC. Furthermore, the WORC scores correlated with those of DASH (r = 0.63–0.78) and SF-36 (r = ?0.24 to ?0.69).ConclusionsGood test-retest reliability and construct validity were demonstrated for the Japanese WORC, but relatively high absolute measurement errors were observed. LOA values must be considered when using the WORC for individual patients with rotator cuff disorder.     

Does Death Anxiety Affect the Attitude Towards Organ Donation?

BackgroundIt is important to determine the attitudes of nurse candidates towards organ transplantation and their death anxiety levels to help patient families make an informed decision about organ donation.AimThe aim of this study is to examine nurse candidates' public knowledge and attitude towards organ donation.MethodsThe research was conducted with nursing students at the Faculty of Health Sciences, between December 2021 and February 2022. Data were collected using a personal information form, Fear of Death Scale (FODS), and Organ Donation Attitude Scale (ODAS).ResultsOur study determined that the percentage of students who wanted to donate organs and the death anxiety average of students were moderate. It was determined that students' positive attitudes towards organ donation were high and negative attitudes were low, and there was a negative relationship between them (p<0.001). In this study, in the comparison of death anxiety by gender, the mean scores of women's death anxiety, thinking about death and witnessing death, suffering, and uncertainty of death were found to be higher than men's, and the difference was significant (p<0.001).ConclusionAs a result, it is thought that improving the attitudes of future nurse candidates towards organ transplantation will significantly affect their organ transplantation decisions. Education is required for students with insufficient experience.     

Japanese version of the international PROMs “Vail Hip Score”: Reliability,validity, and responsiveness according to the COSMIN checklist

BackgroundThis study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the international PROMs “Vail Hip Score (Vail10)” and to establish its reliability, validity, and responsiveness with COSMIN check-list.MethodsThe study was conducted from March 2016 to October 2017 and included 46 patients totaling 47 joints. Disorders included 30 cases of FAI (55%), 13 cases of DDH (28%), and 4 others (8%). We administered an identical set of PROMs (5 measures: Japanese-version iHOT12 (pilot draft), Japanese-version Vail10, Japanese-version Oxford Hip Score, JHEQ, and SF36) twice in these subjects. We determined interclass correlation coefficients for the first and second round [ICC(1,2)], as well as the Cronbach α coefficient for patient responses to each of the 10 items in Vail10. In addition, we determined Spearman rank correlation coefficients of Vail10, OHS, JHEQ, satisfaction VAS, the 8 subscales of SF36, and the 3 QOL summary scores.ResultsICC for the total score of all 10 items in Vail10 was 0.96. Cronbach α coefficient was 0.96. Bland-Altman plot analysis showed a solid agreement. Regarding the validity, Spearman rank correlation coefficients, only satisfaction VAS, and SF36 subscales of PF and BP had r > 0.45 (p < 0.01 in both administration rounds). The SDC (1.32) was smaller than the MIC (8.14).ConclusionsAfter developing the Japanese version of Vail10, we examined its Reliability, validity, and responsiveness by administering the measure to patients with acetabular labral tear. Correlations were strong and demonstrated the efficacy of the Japanese version of Vail10.     

Development and psychometric performance of the French language version of the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ)

BackgroundThe Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) is a 16-item patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) validated for use in patients with foot and ankle pathologies. It contains three sub-scores for pain, walking/standing and social interaction dimensions. The aim of this study was to develop a French language version of the MOXFQ and to assess its psychometric properties in patients affected by foot and ankle pathologies.MethodsAccording to guidelines, forward and backward independent translations were performed. The final French version was pre-tested in 45 patients. The French MOXFQ and the Short-form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) were filled in by 149 patients. A retest was performed in 39 patients. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Construct validity was assessed by factor analysis, and through correlations of MOXFQ scales with SF-36 scales.ResultsInternal consistency coefficients were high with Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.79 and 0.94. Test-retest ICCs were between 0.74 and 0.93. No floor or ceiling effects were observed. The correlations between French MOXFQ and French SF-36 subscales were moderate ranging from −0.33 to −0.71.ConclusionsThe French translation of the MOXFQ revealed good psychometric properties. Our French version proved to be a reliable instrument which can be used for evaluation of patients with foot and ankle disorders.Level of evidenceII.     

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Turkish version of the Functional Index for Hand Osteoarthritis (FIHOA)

BackgroundTo perform reliability and validity study of the Functional Index for Hand Osteoarthritis (FIHOA) in the Turkish language.MethodsFIHOA was translated into Turkish following the principles of cross-cultural adaptation. Our translation was firstly tested in 40 patients with hand osteoarthritis. Adapted FIHOA questionnaire was then administrated to 100 hand OA patients successively with Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (mHAQ), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and Short Form-36 (SF-36). Patients filled out the FIHOA questionnaire one more time after five days for test-retest assessment. Patients were divided into two groups as symptomatic or asymptomatic, with a NRS score of 5 or above defining symptomatic OA. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of test-retest reliability. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation and validity between data. External construct validity was assessed using the correlation between FIHOA, mHAQ, hand pain NRS, and negative correlation with SF-36 subgroups.ResultsAccording to the total score, Cronbach-alpha was found as 0.90, while ICC was determined as 0.98 for test-retest reliability. When the correlations between the FIHOA questionnaire, mHAQ, and NRS questionnaires were examined, significant correlations were determined, and negative correlations between FIHOA and SF-36 subgroups were observed.ConclusionTurkish FIHOA is a reliable and valid method for assessing functionality in Turkish patients with hand osteoarthritis.     

神经根型颈椎病生存质量量表的研制与考评

目的研制并考评神经根型颈椎病生存质量评价量表。方法在条目筛选的基础上,通过临床调查,从信度、效度和反应度三方面对量表进行考评。结果信度：两次测量各条目斯皮尔曼相关系数均大于0.7;各维度、总量表的Cronbach’s系数均大于0.70。效度：各维度得分与量表总分相关系数均大于0.70;量表模型的拟合优度指数（CFI）为0.895;除了心理功能之外,NDI量表总分与生存质量量表各维度以及总分的相关系数都大于0.7。反应度：第一次测量和第14天测量各维度以及生存质量量表总分t检验结果都显示存在显著性差异。结论该量表具有较好信度、效度和反应度,可尝试作为神经根型颈椎病生存质量评价量表。     

Cross-Cultural Adaptation,Reliability, and Validity of the Chinese Version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-11 Among Patients Who Have Undergone Total Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundThe shortened version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) has been well characterized in the literature. However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have evaluated the reliability and validity of the TSK-11 for Chinese-speaking patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Thus, the objectives of this study were to translate and adapt the TSK-11 cross-culturally into Chinese and to evaluate its reliability and validity in a sample of Chinese TKA patients.MethodsThe TSK-11 was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Chinese according to the international guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. The Chinese version of TSK-11 was administered to 254 patients following their TKA, along with the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Numerical Rating Scale, and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey. Psychometric testing included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, floor and ceiling effects, construct validity, and convergent validity.ResultsA high completion rate of 95.8% with no floor or ceiling effects was noted in the Chinese version of the TSK-11. The questionnaire also showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.883) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.798). Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis, and 3 factors were extracted that accounted for 65.2% of the variance. Convergent validity was confirmed by significant Pearson correlations between the Chinese version of the TSK-11 and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (r = 0.751), Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (r = 0.719) and VAS (r = 0.450), as well as the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey subdomains Bodily Pain (r = ?0.391), Mental Health (r = ?0.356), Physical Functioning (r = ?0.339), Role-Emotional (r = ?0.317), and Role-Physical (r = ?0.277).ConclusionThe Chinese version of the TSK-11 demonstrated satisfactory acceptability, reliability, and validity; therefore, it can be used in clinical practice and research for assessing kinesiophobia in Chinese patients after TKA.