不同直径种植体对即刻负载种植体骨界面应力分布的影响

目的建立包含螺纹种植体的下颌骨三维有限元模型,分析不同直径种植体对即刻负载种植体骨界面应力、应变的影响。方法采用CT扫描和自主开发的USIS软件建立不同直径螺纹种植体即刻负载的三维有限元模型,用ANSYS软件分析直径为3.3、4.1、4.8mm的种植体,在垂直和颊舌向45o加载150N力时种植体骨界面的von Mises应力、应变值。结果垂直加载时,种植体骨界面的应力集中于颈部,应变集中于底部颊侧;三种直径种植体骨界面颈部的vonMises应力最大值分别为25、17.6、11.6MPa,应变最大值分别为1853、1303、1293με。颊舌向加载时,种植体骨界面的von Mises应力、应变值均明显增大,均主要集中于颈部舌侧;三种直径种植体骨界面颈部的von Mises应力最大值分别为131.1、78.7、68.1MPa,应变最大值分别为9622、5892和5816με。结论随直径的增大,种植体骨界面的应力、应变都呈下降趋势,以直径从3.3mm增大到4.1mm最为显著。认为采用即刻负载技术的螺纹种植体大小至少要4.1mm×10mm以上,而且要尽量避免受到非轴向力。     

不同植入扭矩对种植体骨界面生物力学特性的影响

目的探讨不同植入扭矩对种植体骨界面生物力学特性的影响。方法采用薄层CT扫描和自主开发的USIS软件建立包含种植体的即刻负载下颌骨三维有限元模型。采用ANSYS软件分析种植体在0、15、25 N.cm 3种植入扭矩下,垂直和颊舌向45°加载150 N力时种植体骨界面von Mises应力、应变值。结果垂直载荷时,3种植入扭矩下的种植体骨界面von Mises应力最大值分别为33.6、56.4和69.6 MPa,应变最大值分别为5 157、8 645、15 630με。颊舌向载荷时,3种植入扭矩下的种植体骨界面von Mises应力最大值分别为95.3、100.6和108.3 MPa,应变最大值分别为17 110、18 690、21 380με。结论种植体植入扭矩的增大会增加种植体骨界面的应力应变值,颊舌向载荷时比垂直载荷时增加明显缓慢。     

颅内动脉支架的疲劳强度

目的分析颅内动脉支架疲劳强度与连接体长度的关系,探究支架发生疲劳断裂的准确位置。方法采用疲劳断裂的有限元分析方法对3种脑动脉支架进行疲劳寿命分析,并运用Goodman曲线绘制支架疲劳危险点分布图。基于美国材料与实验学会F2477-07标准,对3种支架的疲劳寿命进行测试。结果支架连接体长度越长,支架危险点最大等效应力和平均应力越大,危险点分布越接近疲劳极限曲线,支架更容易发生疲劳断裂。Goodman疲劳极限曲线表明,3种血管支架在体内10年的使用时间里是安全的。有限元分析与实验结果表明,支架结构连接点附近区域疲劳寿命较低,支架危险点位于连接处的圆弧部位。结论血管支架有限元分析的技术合理可行,有限元分析结果与实验数据基本吻合。在支架结构设计时,可以减少连接体的长度,从而提高支架的使用寿命。     

上颌切牙区3种不同形式种植固定桥三维有限元模型的建立

背景:研究表明,三维有限元分析法是分析种植体周围骨界面生物力学分布的重要研究手段,精确的模型构建是三维有限元准确分析的基础,可为优化种植设计方案提供研究支持。目的:建立3种不同形式种植固定桥修复上颌切牙区的三维有限元模型,为研究其生物力学分布提供数学化模型。方法:利用CT扫描技术和Geomagic studio9.0软件、Mimics10.01软件的实体建模技术,结合ANSYS10.0有限元分析软件建立人上颌切牙区3种不同形式种植体支持固定桥的三维有限元模型。结果与结论:成功建立了三维有限元模型,总节点数为365173个,四面体总单元数为204854个。该模型获得上颌骨、上颌中切牙、侧切牙、种植体及瓷层的形态,具有良好的几何相似性。提示将CT扫描技术、数字图像处理技术与一系列计算机软件相结合,建立三维有限元模型的方法是行之有效的。     

基于CT数据的人体L3-L4腰椎节段的三维有限元建模和分析

目的 建立一个精确的人体L3-L4腰椎节段有限元模型,用于腰椎生物力学的研究.方法 基于可视人计划(visible human project,VHP)男性冷冻CT数据,通过Marchingcubes算法三维重建L3和L4椎骨的几何模型并转换为有限元网格,然后结合椎间盘和韧带的网格建立L3-L4节段的有限元网格.根据CT值设定材料特性建立有限元模型,施加压缩的边界条件进行有限元分析,并和参考模型的结果比较分析.结果 基于CT的L3-L4节段有限元模型比参考模型更符合腰椎的解剖结构.结论 基于CT的L3-L4节段有限元模型能够精确的描述腰椎解剖结构,保证有限元分析的准确性.     

共价-离子结合肝素改性对牛心包膜抗凝血性能的影响

目的在碳化二亚胺交联的去细胞牛心包膜上采用3种方式进行肝素改性,即共价键合肝素、离子结合肝素以及共价-离子联合负载肝素,比较这3种肝素化方式对牛心包膜抗凝血性能的影响,并筛选出最佳肝素化方式。方法通过溶血试验、血小板黏附实验、体外凝血测试以及复钙时间测定观察3种方式肝素化的基质抗凝血性能和血栓形成情况,以评价其血液相容性。结果综合上述4项检测的结果,共价-离子联合负载肝素改性的抗凝血性能优于共价键合肝素、离子结合肝素这2种单独负载肝素方式,溶血率〈5％,电镜照片无血小板黏附,体外生理盐水浸泡15d后,仍保持良好的抗凝血活性。结论共价-离子联合负载肝素,将离子结合肝素活性好、共价键合肝素稳定性强的优点结合起来,取长补短,使这种方式肝素改性的牛心包具有良好的血液相容性。     

终板凹陷角变化对腰椎运动节段生物力学影响的有限元分析

目的:研究终板凹陷程度变化对腰椎运动节段生物力学影响。方法:在以往建立的腰椎L4～5运动节段三维非线性有限元模型基础上,采用CAD方法精确构建三种不同终板凹陷角改变的有限元模型,有限元模型的椎间盘前凸角、小关节间隙等其余形态学参数及网格划分均保持一致。垂直压缩、屈曲、伸直、前后剪力5种载荷条件下,分别对三种有限元模型生物力学参数进行测试。结果:负载条件下,终板凹陷角增加、终板凹陷程度减小可导致终板-椎间盘界面应变减小,椎间盘刚度及髓核内压增加,椎间盘膨出、纤维环纤维张应力、纤维环基质应力、腰椎后部结构应力以及关节突接触力减小。结论:终板凹陷程度的减小增强了椎间盘对椎体的保护作用;同时可通过影响终板的形变减少对椎间盘的营养传递。     

3D打印假体与单纯钉棒系统用于全骶骨切除重建的有限元分析比较

目的 比较3D打印假体与单纯钉棒系统用于全骶骨切除后腰椎-骨盆稳定性重建效果的有限元分析差异.方法 创建三种腰椎-骨盆重建的有限元分析模型:模型1为单侧双髂骨钉双棒重建;模型2为单侧双髂骨钉双棒+3D打印假体重建,其中下方髂骨钉穿过假体;模型3为单侧双髂骨钉双棒+3D打印假体重建,髂骨钉不穿过假体.在有限元分析软件中为...     

不同连接筋结构的支架治疗椎动脉狭窄的血流动力学数值模拟

目的 研究具有不同连接筋结构的支架治疗椎动脉狭窄后的血流动力学效果,以期为支架的设计以及介入治疗提供更加科学的指导。方法 采用Pro/Engineer建立带有狭窄的椎动脉模型和3种不同连接筋的支架模型（根据连接筋形状分别称为L-支架、V-支架和S-支架）;利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS模拟这些支架在狭窄椎动脉中扩张后的结果,并分别建立3种支架治疗椎动脉狭窄后的流场有限元模型。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS-CFX对3个模型进行血流动力学数值模拟。结果 与V型和S型连接筋相比,L型连接筋造成了较小的低壁面切应力分布面积及较少的血流停滞区。结论 L型连接筋具有较好的血流动力学效果,潜在地可降低支架内再狭窄发生的可能性,从而为支架选择、支架设计和手术规划等提供科学依据。     

下腰椎L4/5与L5/S1节段Coflex动态固定的有限元模型试验设计

目的 模拟临床手术,探讨Coflex动态稳定装置在下腰椎L5/S1退变性疾病中应用的可行性。方法 在第2代中国数字化人体“男性23号”数据集平台上,选取下腰椎骶骨数字模型,运用CAX相关软件建立下腰椎及Coflex应用于下腰椎的3组有限元模型(健康者下腰椎模型、Coflex固定L4/5节段模型及Coflex固定L5/S1节段模型);根据脊柱三柱加载理论和下腰椎生理运动,采用直立、前屈和后伸3种生理载荷分别进行计算、验证和对照分析。结果 建立了健康者下腰椎骶骨有限元模型、Coflex固定L4/5节段有限元对照模型、以及Coflex固定L5/S1节段有限元试验模型。根据3组有限元模型对照试验的稳定性和相容性等各种生物力学指标,发现两种动态内固定方式的下腰椎具有相近的生物力学效果。结论 本有限元模型对照试验的设计为研究下腰椎L5/S1节段Coflex动态固定手术提供了生物力学循证依据,对Coflex植入L5/S1节段这一新手术的临床应用具有指导意义。     

髋关节置换前后股骨上应力的变化

为研究全髋关节置换前后股骨上应力水平及分布规律的变化，用电阻应变实验比较置换前后股骨上应力的改变；并且建立一种合理的、具有预见性的有限元模型。研究结果表明：全髋关节置换后，股骨上应力水平明显下降；并与关节假体颈长颈干角有一定关系。尤其指出，髋关节置换导致股骨弹性模量下降；从而给出关节置换后骨重建的循环模式。     

Mitral-valve mechanics—stress/strain characteristics of excised leaflets,analysis of its functional mechanics and its medical application

The stress/strain characteristics of mitral-valve leaflets are determined. The leaflet elements exhibit the characteristic nonlinear stress/strain behaviour with a transition point; the posttransition-point modulus being orders of magnitude greater than the pretransition modulus. An element closer to the chordae tendineae has an initial modulus 4–5 times that of an element in the centre of the cusp; its transition point also occurs at a lower strain. These tests provide information on the strength characteristics of the mitral-valve leaflets. Theoretical stress analyses are carried out to determine the range and the limits of adverse stresses that a valve has to withstand in order to obtain design criteria for the prosthetic mitral valve. Analyses and procedures are presented to obtain thein vivo average modulus (stiffness) of the valve leaflet by suitable correlation of the analysis with spectral phonocardiography.     

胸腰段后凸畸形对相邻椎间盘力学影响的三维有限元分析

目的：了解胸椎后凸畸形对相邻椎间盘(IVD)的影响，从生物力学方面探讨椎间盘退变及椎间盘突出的机制。方法：选取结构正常的脊柱作为实验材料，通过CT扫描获取脊柱的二维图像，然后进行三维重建，转化为有限元模型(FEM)。利用FreeFonm成形软件构建胸椎后凸畸形模型。分别对正常结构和胸椎后凸的脊柱有限元模型进行载荷试验，分析比较椎间盘和小关节应力分布情况。结果：胸椎后凸畸形后椎间盘应力分布发生明显的改变，椎间盘前部的压应力明显增加，后部出现张应力，小关节面的压应力减小。椎体的应力分布也发生了改变，由后向前应力越来越大。结论：(1)有限元方法是脊柱生物力学研究中很有效及很有前途的方法，但是要使其与人体达到近乎真实的模拟则还有不少问题有待完善。有些组织的材料性质了解不够，有限元模型的逼真度有一定影响。(2)利用FreeForm成形软件构建脊柱畸形的有限元模型是富有创意的建模方法。(3)脊柱胸腰段后凸畸形改变了相应椎间盘的载荷应力应变分布，这可能加快椎间盘退变及使后方纤维环易受损破坏。     

Delbet Ⅱ型儿童股骨颈骨折不同内固定方式的有限元分析

背景：儿童DelbetⅡ型股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死率较高,有限元法已广泛应用于研究成人股骨颈骨折内固定后的稳定性,但儿童股骨颈骨折的相关分析较少。目的：研究3种不同内固定方式治疗DelbetⅡ型儿童股骨颈骨折的生物力学性能。方法：选择1例8岁儿童健康志愿者为研究对象。CT扫描患儿股骨近端影像数据导入Mimics 17.0,在Geomagic 14.0,Cero 3.0,Hyper Works13.0中建立3种内固定方式治疗DelbetⅡ型儿童股骨颈骨折的有限元模型,分别为空心钉模型（CS模型）、空心钉联合克氏针模型（CS+K模型）、锁定钢板模型（LP模型）,观察3种模型的内固定应力、骨骺应力及骨折断端相对位移。结果与结论：（1）CS+K模型骨折端和股骨头内的应力显著大于CS模型、LP模型（P <0.001）;LP模型的股骨侧应力显著大于CS+K模型、CS模型（P<0.001）;（2）CS模型的相对位移量显著大于CS+K模型和LP模型（P<0.001）;（3）LP模型的骺板平均应力显著大于CS+K模型、CS模型（P<0.001）;（4）结果表明,空心钉联合克氏针固定...     

3D finite element analysis on esthetic indirect dental restorations under thermal and mechanical loading

Thermo-mechanical finite element analyses in 3-D models are described for determination of the stress levels due to thermal and mechanical loads in a healthy and restored tooth. Transient thermo-mechanical analysis simulating the ingestion of cold and hot drinks was performed to determine the temperature distribution in the models of the teeth, followed by linear elastic stress analyses. The thermal loads were applied on the occlusal and lingual surfaces. Subsequently, coupled variation of the temperature and mastication loading was considered. The vertical loading was distributed at occlusal points, adding up to 180 N. Maximum stresses were verified in resin restoration under thermal loads. When studying coupled effect of mechanical loading with that arising from thermal effects, higher tensile stress values occurred in porcelain restorations, especially at the restoration–dentin interface. Regions of high tensile stress were detected and their possible clinical significance with respect to restoration damage and microleakage were discussed.     

Mechanical evaluation by patient-specific finite element analyses demonstrates therapeutic effects for osteoporotic vertebrae

Osteoporosis can lead to bone compressive fractures in the lower lumbar vertebrae. In order to assess the recovery of vertebral strength during drug treatment for osteoporosis, it is necessary not only to measure the bone mass but also to perform patient-specific mechanical analyses, since the strength of osteoporotic vertebrae is strongly dependent on patient-specific factors, such as bone shape and bone density distribution in cancellous bone, which are related to stress distribution in the vertebrae. In the present study, patient-specific general (not voxel) finite element analyses of osteoporotic vertebrae during drug treatment were performed over time. We compared changes in bone density and compressive principal strain distribution in a relative manner using models for the first lumbar vertebra based on computer tomography images of four patients at three time points (before therapy, and after 6 and 12 months of therapy). The patient-specific mechanical analyses indicated that increases in bone density and decreases in compressive principal strain were significant in some osteoporotic vertebrae. The data suggested that the vertebrae were strengthened structurally and the drug treatment was effective in preventing compression fractures. The effectiveness of patient-specific mechanical analyses for providing useful and important information for the prognosis of osteoporosis is demonstrated.     

Non-linear material models for tracheal smooth muscle tissue

The aim of this study is to investigate the hyperelastic material models to describe the non-linear stress-strain behavior of tracheal smooth muscle tissue. Specifically, the goal is to validate the material model with experimental data using different finite element models and discuss the trends in stress-strain behavior of smooth muscle tissue. Both 2D and 3D finite element analyses were carried out to estimate the stress-strain behavior of the smooth muscle tissue. The results obtained indicate that the developed Ogden material model is valid and useful in explaining the stress strain behavior of tracheal smooth muscle tissue under different conditions. Finite element simulation results of the stress-strain behavior in the transverse direction are presented.     

Selection of the best element type in the finite element analysis of hip prostheses

Hip prostheses have to fulfil biomedical, anatomical and strength requirements. In the initial design phase it is convenient to carry out contact analyses that simulate standardized fatigue tests using automatically generated finite element meshes of the implant design. While parabolic tetrahedrons are known to be more accurate, they usually cannot be used in contact analyses. In the present study, a prototype design was analysed using automatically generated tetrahedral meshes under linearly equivalent boundary conditions. Results of convergence analyses show that linear tetrahedral elements, even with rotational degrees of freedom, should be avoided, especially when modelling regions with a high stress gradient.     

Selection of the best element type in the finite element analysis of hip prostheses

Hip prostheses have to fulfil biomedical, anatomical and strength requirements. In the initial design phase it is convenient to carry out contact analyses that simulate standardized fatigue tests using automatically generated finite element meshes of the implant design. While parabolic tetrahedrons are known to be more accurate, they usually cannot be used in contact analyses. In the present study, a prototype design was analysed using automatically generated tetrahedral meshes under linearly equivalent boundary conditions. Results of convergence analyses show that linear tetrahedral elements, even with rotational degrees of freedom, should be avoided, especially when modelling regions with a high stress gradient.