老年病科老年便秘331例服泻药与结肠黑变病关系的临床分析

目的探讨传统的中西药泻剂以及服药时间和方法与老年人结肠黑变病的关系. 方法总结了我科近7年住院老年便秘并服用泻剂331例患者结肠镜检查结果,根据便秘的病程及服用泻药的时间和方法分成4组,采用卡方检验分析了服药方式、时间与结肠黑变病的关系. 结果 331例患者中连续服药≥1年者,连续服药＜1年者,间断服药≥1年者和间断服药＜1年者结肠黑变病的发生率分别为81.06%,77.78%,11.25%和9.52%.显示连续服药者结肠黑变病发生率明显高于间断服药者(P＜0.01),而在连续服药者和间断服药者中,服药时间长短相差不显著(P＞0.05). 结论表明长期服用泻药与老年结肠黑变病的发生有相关性.但结肠黑变病确切的病理变化及临床意义有待进一步研究.     

78例结肠黑变病临床分析

目的 分析结肠黑变病(MC)的病因及与其结肠肿瘤的关系.方法 对78例结肠黑变病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 便秘患者56例(23.1%),其中长期服用泻药患者38例(48.7%),无明确服泻药史患者18例(23.1%);合并有腺瘤样息肉16例;合并结肠癌1例.结论 便秘及服用泻药是导致MC发生的重要因素;泻剂中多为蒽醌类.结肠黑变病与结肠肿瘤的关系值得进一步研究.     

国人结肠黑变病与便秘和服用泻药关系不密切吗？

国人结肠黑变病与便秘和服用泻药关系不密切吗？中华消化杂志编辑部：贵刊１９９４；１４：３８文《结肠黑变病的病理探讨》提出国人结肠黑变病与国外患者的发病背景存在一定差别．其主要根据是国内患者发病与便秘和服用泻药关系不密切。但从文中提供的资料分析，似恰相关...     

结肠黑变病57例

目的:探讨结肠黑变病的病因、预后以及与肿瘤的关系.方法:回顾性2005-01/2008-12延边大学附属医院结肠镜检查发现的57例结肠黑变病患者临床特点.结果:2006-2008年结肠黑变病的发病率逐年增加(0.78%<0.92%<1.73%);57例患者中女性患者占52.6%, 但男性与女性无统计学差异,老年男性与中年女性发病率高(P <0.005);57例患者均有服用泻剂史,口服蒽醌类泻药(6年以上), 如潘泻叶、芦荟胶囊、麻仁润肠丸、排毒养颜胶囊43例, 果导片(6年以上)12例, 减肥茶(6-12 mo)2例;31例患者有便秘、每周<3次, 粪便干燥, 或呈块状;排便困难、排便不尽感21例;腹痛、腹胀2例;肛门坠胀不适者2例;腹泻、便血1例;有1例并发结肠癌;停用泻剂后随访3例6-12 mo, 2例黑变病减轻, 1例治愈, 预后良好.结论:结肠黑变病可能与便秘、长期服用泻药有关;好发于中年女性和老年男性;可能与结肠癌有关.     

老年人结肠黑变病临床特点

[目的]探讨老年结肠黑变病患者的临床特点。[方法]选取经结肠镜、病理学诊断的结肠黑变病患者49例,其中≥60岁者(老年组)37例,60岁者(中青年组)12例,对2组的临床特点进行分析。[结果]老年组与中青年组性别、便秘病程、服用便秘药物时间、吸烟方面比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而结肠疾病史、2型糖尿病病史相比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。49例中随访17例,1年内复查电子结肠镜示5例黏膜黑变程度减轻,12例肠黏膜黑变程度未见明显减轻,所有随访患者结肠息肉发生率无明显升高,未发现肿瘤新生物。[结论]结肠黑变病患者好发于老年人,尤其见于长期便秘、服用泻药并吸烟的男性患者,不论有无结肠疾病史,结肠镜检查中注意观察有无结肠黑变病、并长期随访,对结肠病变的早期诊治有积极作用。     

全结肠黑变病的临床特征分析

[目的]探讨全结肠黑变病（MC）的临床特征。[方法]对近3年来诊断的90例全MC患者相关资料进行分析。[结果]90例中,便秘58例,45例长期或间断服用蒽醌类泻药,腹泻8例,并发结肠癌3例,结肠息肉28例,溃疡性结肠炎3例。[结论]全MC的发病与服用蒽醌类泻药及便秘有关,便秘及服泻药时间越长、服药量越大,其MC程度越重。全MC还可能与炎症性肠病及腹泻本身有关。该病是一种良性疾病,与结肠肿瘤的发生有一定关系,停用刺激性泻药,纠正习惯性便秘可以逆转病变。     

中青年大肠黑变病的临床及内镜特征分析

目的探讨中青年大肠黑变病的临床特点、内镜表现、病理特征等。方法总结4978例接受结肠镜检查的患者中发现60岁以下中青年大肠黑变病患者的病例资料,对患者的临床特点、内镜表现及病理特征等进行分析。结果共发现中青年大肠黑变病61例,检出率1．23％,其中男性检出率1．32％,女性检出率1．16％,男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,病程2个月～30年;其中中年组患者占70．5％,青年组患者占29．5％,中年组明显高于青年组（P〈0．05）;病变多累及1个或多个肠段,左半结肠和右半结肠发生率较高;15例伴有大肠腺瘤,2例伴有结肠癌;48例患者有便秘,37例有服用泻药史。结论中青年大肠黑变病的发病率与文献报道基本一致,男性高于女性,病变多位于左半结肠和右半结肠;大肠黑变病与结肠腺瘤和结肠癌可能有相关性,其发病与便秘和服用蒽醌类泻药有关。     

老年慢性特发性便秘患者结肠动力学变化

目的：探讨老年慢性特发性便秘（ＣＩＣ）患者结肠运行功能变化及其与心理因素的关系,方法：应用不透Ｘ线标记物法及Ｚung抑郁自评量表（ＳＤＳ）及焦虎自评量表（ＳＡＳ）对５９例老年ＣＩＣ患者及３６例老年对照者进行结肠通过时间检查及心理状况分析,结果：（１）老年ＣＩＣ组全结肠及分段结肠通过时间较老年对照组明显延长（Ｐ＜０．０５）,（２）长期服用泻药组的老年ＣＩＣ患者其全结肠及分段结肠通过时间较间断服药和不服药者明显延长（Ｐ＜０．０５）,（３）老年ＣＩＣ患者ＳＤＳ,ＳＡＳ标准总分均明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５,（４）老年ＣＩＣ患者中结肠通过时间延长组ＳＤＳ标准通过时间延长组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,结论：老年ＣＩＣ患者存在结肠动力学异常,抑郁情绪和焦虑情绪与老年ＣＩＣ患者结肠运行功能异常有关。     

结肠黑变病内镜检查临床分析

目的探讨结肠黑变病相关致病因素。方法做好肠道准备,观察结肠黏膜的改变从而做出明确的诊断。结果 60例中42例便秘,32例有服用泻药史,伴发结肠息肉24例,伴发结肠癌4例。结论便秘与滥用泻药为结肠黑变病的主要原因,结肠黑变病与结肠息肉,结肠癌伴发可能有关。     

86例结肠黑变病回顾分析

目的探讨结肠黑变病（MC）的发病特征、临床与内镜特点、发病原因及其与大肠腺瘤、大肠癌及溃疡性结肠炎的关系。方法选择2007年1月～2010年12月本院内镜室结肠镜检记录、相关病理记录及定期随访资料,进行数据分析。结果 2007年～2010年MC检出率呈逐年上升趋势;老年患者检出率高于中青年（P〈0.01）,男性患者多集中在老年（P〈0.01）,女性患者检出率无年龄差异,老年患者检出率无性别差异,中青年患者女性检出率高于男性（P〈0.01）;便秘为MC最常见症状,其次是腹痛;病变可累及各肠段;长期便秘及服用蒽醌类泻剂易患MC;MC与结肠腺瘤病发病密切相关（P=0.012）,与结肠癌和溃疡性结肠炎无明显相关性。停用蒽醌类泻药结肠黑变能治愈或明显减轻。结论 MC的检出率呈逐年增加的趋势;老年人及中青年女性易患本病;临床表现缺乏特异性;容易合并结肠腺瘤;便秘及服用蒽醌类泻剂与MC密切相关;MC预后良好。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.