复合低聚肽粉辅助营养对中国北极科考队员血尿酸的影响

目的观察复合低聚肽粉辅助营养对中国北极科考队员血尿酸的影响。 方法选取搭乘"雪龙2号"极地科考破冰船的中国第12次北极科考队员为研究对象，在航程开始时进行第1次血尿酸检测，然后给予复合低聚肽粉口服，1袋/次，2次/d，2个月后复查血尿酸，对比队员口服复合低聚肽粉2个月前后的血尿酸水平变化。数据比较采用配对t检验。 结果13名科考队员完成了研究，第1次指末血尿酸值平均为0.52 mmol/L，口服复合低聚肽粉2个月后指末血尿酸平均为0.39 mmol/L，比较差异有统计学意义(t＝3.233，P＝0.004)。 结论中国北极科考队员的血尿酸水平高于普通人群，口服复合低聚肽粉辅助营养后血尿酸水平降低。     

Wavelet Analysis of Transient-EvokedOtoacoustic Emissions

1IntroductionOtoacousticEmissions(OAEs)havebeenprovedtobeanattractivefieldofauditoryresearchsincetheywerefirstdiscoveredigyearsagobyKemp[1].TransientEvokedOAEs(TEOAEs)areaudio-frequencyenergyemiottdebytheinnerearwheninducedbyatransientstimulus,suchasclick,andarerecordedbyaprobesealedintheexternalearcanal.OAEs,aspartofthenormalhearingprocess,arethoughttobeaby-productofanactiveprocesswhichenhancescochlearsensitivityandfrequencyselectivity[2].TEOAEsarereportedtobepresentin98-100%ofearswit…     

考尔-爱克斯诺小体在卵泡发育中的分布

考尔-爱克斯诺小体(Call-Exner body)存在于一定物种范围的卵巢卵泡中,包括人和兔,牛的腔前卵泡和小腔卵泡中也有类似结构[1].研究显示考尔-爱克斯诺小体出现于卵泡正常发育的早期阶段,卵泡发育越晚,考尔-爱克斯诺小体越多[2].其也存在于人的卵巢肿瘤中[3-4],认为卵巢颗粒细胞肿瘤与考尔-爱克斯诺小体的分化有关,同时,考尔-爱克斯诺小体也是检测颗粒细胞肿瘤的发展,估计预后的因素之一[5].狗的颗粒细胞肿瘤中也可见考尔-爱克斯诺小体[6].小鼠腔前卵泡常被用作体外成熟的模型,但在其发育过程中对考尔-爱克斯诺小体的观察较少,扫描电镜观察未见报道.     

生殖激素在男性不育症临床诊断中的应用进展

文献报道[1]不育夫妇占育龄夫妇的10%～15%,其中男性不育约占50%.可见男性不育症已成为人类生殖研究中一个重要的课题.男性不育的原因有环境因素、生活习惯、心理因素和生理性疾病等诸多因素[2].下丘脑-垂体-睾丸性腺轴功能正常是人类生殖活动的关键,任何一个环节有异常都有可能导致男性不育[3].     

Nanos2与生殖细胞发育分化

Nanos在果蝇中是最先被鉴定的一个母源效应基因,位于早期胚胎的后极[1].它编码一种RNA结合蛋白,这种蛋白与Pumilio RNA结合蛋白相互作用形成一种核糖核蛋白复合物一起抑制母源mRNA hunchback的翻译,从而调控果蝇胚胎后腹部细胞的分化[2-3].Nanos对果蝇生殖细胞的发育是必需的,此基因缺失的果蝇的生殖细胞产生异常,不能形成正常性腺[4].随后科学家发现在斑马鱼、线虫、蜜蜂、人等物种中都有Nanos 同源物存在,它们的功能也都和个体发育或生殖细胞的发育分化有关[5-8].     

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激活的蛋白激酶2的研究进展

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激活的蛋白激酶2 (mitogen -activated protein kinase activated protein kinase 2,MK2)属于丝氨酸-苏氨酸蛋白激酶家族,是p38的底物之一[1].MK2参与体内许多生理功能的调控,包括应激与炎性反应、细胞迁移、肌动蛋白重构等,其对炎性因子的调节作用格外受到重视[2-3].研究表明,MK2参与了动脉粥样硬化、高血压、阿尔茨海默病、银屑病、关节炎和急性胰腺炎等疾病的炎性反应过程[4].因此,对MK2的研究将为上述疾病的防治提供新的方向.     

肿瘤干细胞生物学特性及其在肿瘤侵袭和血管新生中的作用

肿瘤干细胞(cancer stem ceus)是一群具有自我更新、多潜能分化、启动和重建肿瘤组织表型能力的肿瘤细胞[1].现已从20余种常见肿瘤中分离、鉴定出肿瘤干细胞[2-4].     

鼻咽癌的病理组织学分类

鼻咽癌是鼻咽黏膜被覆上皮(鳞状、柱状和移形上皮)和小涎腺发生的恶性肿瘤[1-2].有关全人群鼻咽癌病理方面,尤其是有关其流行趋势方面的研究甚少,现有人群中鼻咽癌病理类型构成的研究多是医院内鼻咽癌病理诊断构成[3-6].     

鼻咽癌的病理组织学分类

鼻咽癌是鼻咽黏膜被覆上皮(鳞状、柱状和移形上皮)和小涎腺发生的恶性肿瘤[1-2].有关全人群鼻咽癌病理方面,尤其是有关其流行趋势方面的研究甚少,现有人群中鼻咽癌病理类型构成的研究多是医院内鼻咽癌病理诊断构成[3-6].     

EV71病毒感染动物模型研究进展

手足口病(hand-foot-and-mouth disease,HFMD)是由多种肠道病毒引起的常见传染病,肠道病毒71型(EV71)是其主要病原体[1-2].EV71病毒属于小RNA病毒科、肠道病毒属病毒,为单股正链RNA病毒[3-4].自1974年首次报道从美国加州神经系统疾病患者标本中分离到EV71以来,EV71病毒曾在世界范围内多次引起暴发疫情,主要引起婴幼儿手足口病和无菌性脑膜炎、脑炎等多种严重的神经系统疾病[5].近年来该病在国内流行,并出现重症和死亡病例[6].虽然其致病机制目前尚不十分清楚[7],临床上尚无高效的预防EV71病毒感染的疫苗或药物,部分灭活疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗、DNA疫苗等都在研制开发中[8].而合适的动物模型则是评价疫苗免疫及保护效果的重要平台.本文对EV71研究所用动物模型的建立、特点、研究应用等方面进行了综述.     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.