舌根异位甲状腺的诊断及处理—附3例报告

异位甲状腺是一种胚胎发育异常性疾病,可发生于不同部位,舌甲状腺系位于舌根中部的异位甲状腺,舌根异位甲状腺非常罕见,有报道其临床发病率为1：3000-1：100000。尽管可伴有其它部位的甲状腺存在,但70%的舌甲状腺是唯一的功能甲状腺,临床上若有误切,必然造成患者终生服用甲状腺素的后果,应引起广大同仁的重视,舌根甲状腺常出现的症状是咽下困难、发音改变、呼吸困难、咽部异物感和舌根甲状腺出血,但大多数情况下,舌根甲状腺是无症状的,诊断主要是依靠临床和实验室检查,放射性甲状腺扫描等。舌甲状腺治疗方法的选择依赖于诸多因素,并且由于此病临床罕见,有关报道很少,故尚无一规范的治疗手段,本文报道3例舌甲状腺患者的诊治过程,并对有关文献进行了复习。     

舌根异位甲状腺的诊断及处理-附3例报告

异位甲状腺是一种胚胎发育异常性疾病,可发生于不同部位.舌甲状腺系位于舌根中部的异位甲状腺,舌根异位甲状腺非常罕见,有报道其临床发病率为1:3 000～1:100 000.尽管可伴有其它部位的甲状腺存在,但70%的舌甲状腺是唯一的功能甲状腺,临床上若有误切,必然造成患者终生服用甲状腺素的后果,应引起广大同仁的重视.舌根甲状腺常出现的症状是咽下困难、发音改变、呼吸困难、咽部异物感和舌根甲状腺出血,但大多数情况下,舌根甲状腺是无症状的.诊断主要是依靠临床和实验室检查,放射性甲状腺扫描等.舌甲状腺治疗方法的选择依赖于诸多因素,并且由于此病临床罕见,有关报道很少,故尚无一规范的治疗手段.本文报道3例舌甲状腺患者的诊治过程,并对有关文献进行了复习.     

舌根部甲状舌管囊肿的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨发生于舌根部的非典型甲状舌管囊肿的临床表现、诊断和治疗方法.方法 回顾分析4例发生于舌根部的甲状舌管囊肿患者的临床资料,手术采用支撑喉镜下激光切除术和颈外径路Sistrunk术.结果 咽部异物感、咽部阻塞感是发生于舌根的甲状舌管囊肿的主要临床表现;颈部超声和CT检查是明确诊断的主要检查方法.支撑喉镜下激光手术无一例外均导致囊肿复发,3例复发1次,1例复发3次,颈外径路Sistrunk术将囊肿完整切除.结论 发生于舌根的甲状舌管囊肿应常规行颈部超声和CT检查,以明确诊断;治疗首选颈外径路Sistrunk术式.     

颈外径路Sistrunk手术治疗成人复发性舌甲状舌管囊肿的临床分析

目的 探讨成人复发性舌甲状舌管囊肿（LTGDC）的临床特点、误诊原因及手术治疗。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月—2021年3月收治的6例反复复发的成年LTGDC患者,术前行甲状腺B超提示甲状腺位置并排除异位甲状腺,颈部CT检查明确肿物大小、部位及与舌骨的关系,喉咽部MRI明确肿物性质。手术均采用颈外径路Sistrunk手术。结果 6例患者曾误诊为会厌囊肿4例,舌根囊肿2例,均已行囊肿切除术,复发时间3周至1年。所有患者行颈外径路Sistrunk手术完整切除甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管,术后病理确诊为甲状舌管囊肿。术后随访1年以上无复发。结论 复发性舌根部或会厌间隙的囊性肿物应考虑LTGDC的可能性。所有患者术前均应行喉镜检查和颈部影像学检查以了解囊肿的形态、位置及其和舌骨的关系来选择手术方式。对于成人复发性LTGDC,Sistrunk手术可彻底切除囊肿减少复发。     

发生于舌根的甲状腺舌管囊肿(附4例报告)

目的探讨发生于舌根的甲状腺舌管囊肿的临床表现、诊断和治疗方法.方法回顾分析发生于舌根的甲状腺舌管囊肿4例的临床资料.3例行颈外径路Sistrunks术式,1例于支撑喉镜下行口内切除囊肿,因复发反复手术4次.结果咽部异物不适感是发生于舌根的甲状舌管囊肿的主要临床表现;B超检查是主要检查方法.3例采用颈外径路Sistrunks术式切除甲状舌管囊肿,术后无复发,1例采用支撑喉镜下切除囊肿,因复发反复手术4次.结论发生于舌根的甲状舌管囊肿应常规行间接喉镜检查,治疗首选手术,采用颈外径路Sistrunks术式.     

舌根异位甲状腺的转位固定术

舌根异位甲状腺较少见,我科经治1例,使用转位固定手术方法治疗。 女,28岁。1984年6月18日入院。因卧位时呼吸困难来诊。检查:颈前未扪及甲状腺。舌根部有2.5×2.5×1cm圆形光滑肿物,表面粘膜正常,边缘清晰,基底广,不活动,质韧,穿刺抽吸只得少许血性物。~(131)I吸收功能正常,~(131)I扫描检查:正常甲状腺部未显影,舌根部可见2.5×2cm核素浓聚区。临床诊断:舌根异位甲状腺。7月23日在局麻下行舌根异位甲状腺转位固定术,将异位甲状腺肿块游离固定于左颌下     

少儿巨大舌扁桃体一例

少儿巨大舌扁桃体一例赵文波，陈冬，马学良患者，女，１１岁。５年前咽部始有异物感，逐渐加重，发展为咽部梗塞感，呼吸不畅，打鼾，讲话含糊不清，如口中含物。无明显呼吸困难。以舌根肿物收入院。４岁时曾因扁桃体炎反复发作行扁桃体切除术。检查：一般情况尚可，全身...     

低温等离子刀切除舌根增生性肿物40例报告

目的 探讨低温等离子刀切除舌根增生性肿物的效果。 方法 选取应用低温等离子刀舌根良性增生性肿物切除术40例,分别对患者术前及术后2周、术后6个月的咽部异物感、吞咽梗阻感、咽部疼痛感等主观症状应用VAS量表评分。 结果 所有患者术中仅少量出血或无出血,术后创面无出血。术前患者咽部异物感、吞咽阻挡感、咽部疼痛感等主观症状VAS评分为(38.8±5.94)分,术后2周患者VAS评分为(7.50±2.96)分,差异有统计学意义。6个月随访,舌根部创面光滑,无复发。患者咽部异物感、吞咽阻挡感、咽部疼痛感等主观症状VAS评分为(7.25±2.67)分,与术后2周VAS评分差异无统计学意义。 结论 低温等离子刀治疗舌根增生性肿物疗效显著,具有出血量少、术后疼痛轻、术后并发症少等优点。     

异位甲状腺诊治分析

目的 探讨异位甲状腺的临床特征、诊断及治疗,以减少其误诊、误治.方法 分析8例异位甲状腺患者的临床资料及治疗方法.结果 5例患者经治疗后吞咽不适、异物感等症状缓解,甲状腺功能正常:2例未予特殊治疗,症状自行缓解;1例患者因误诊误治继发甲状腺功能减低而需终身应用甲状腺素.结论 异位甲状腺发生率不高,容易误诊误治,处理不当将给患者造成严重后果.     

舌异位甲状腺1例

1临床资料患者,女性,51岁,因咽部异物感伴痰中带血1个月来我院就诊。无咽痛、呼吸困难、声音嘶哑、饮水呛咳、四肢抽搐及发热等症状。体检发现舌根肿瘤,门诊拟“舌根囊肿?慢性咽炎”收入院。患者自述8年前曾因发现颈前肿瘤在当地镇医院诊断为甲状腺肿瘤,予手术治疗,未行病理检查。7年前因反复胸闷不适在外院查甲状腺功能:T3、T4降低,TSH升高,诊为甲状腺功能低下,予长期服用甲状腺素治疗。入院后查间接喉镜及纤维喉镜(图1)可见舌根正中部一粉红色肿瘤,约1.5cm×1.5cm大小,呈半球形,基底广,表面光滑,并可见怒张之血管,边界清,质韧,无压痛。…     

Foreign body sensation in the throat due to displacement of the superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage: two cases and a literature review

The sensation of a foreign body in the throat when swallowing is a common and very discomforting symptom for those who experience it. Common causes are gastroesophageal reflux disease and possibly upper oesophageal dysmotility. This complaint may be dismissed as psychogenic when a cause for the problem is not readily apparent. We present two cases in which the patient had a foreign body sensation in the throat, associated with a dry swallow. The most helpful diagnostic procedure was careful examination of the hypopharynx and neck and flexible fibre-optic rhinolaryngoscopy. One case was treated with surgery of the neck and larynx to trim the medially projecting superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage. Surgery was successful in eliminating the symptoms. Although an uncommon finding, our experience is that symptoms due to a medially displaced thyroid cornu should be considered in the differential diagnosis as an important and surgically correctable cause of persistent foreign body sensation at the hyoid level in the neck.     

Lateral ectopic thyroid: a case diagnosed preoperatively

Ectopic thyroid is an uncommon condition defined as the presence of thyroid tissue at a site other than the pretracheal area. When the process of embryologic migration is disturbed, aberrant thyroid tissue may appear. In most cases, ectopic thyroid is located along the embryologic descent path of migration as either a lingual thyroid or a thyroglossal duct cyst. In rare cases, aberrant migration can result in lateral ectopic thyroid tissue. Approximately 1 to 3% of all ectopic thyroids are located in the lateral neck. Ectopic tissue frequently represents the only presence of thyroid tissue; a second site of orthotopic or ectopic thyroid tissue is found in other cases. The presentation of ectopic thyroid as a lateral mass should be differentiated from metastatic thyroid cancer; other differential diagnoses include a submandibular tumor, branchial cleft cyst, carotid body tumor, and lymphadenopathy of various etiologies. In addition to the history and physical examination, the workup for a patient with a submandibular mass suspicious for ectopic thyroid should include (1) technetium-99m or iodine-131 scintigraphy, (2) ultrasonography and either computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, (3) fine-needle aspiration biopsy, and (4) thyroid function testing. No treatment is required for asymptomatic patients with normal thyroid function and cytology, but hypothyroid patients should be placed on thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Most cases are diagnosed postoperatively. Surgical treatment of ectopic thyroid should be considered when a malignancy is suspected or diagnosed, when the patient is symptomatic, or when thyroid suppression therapy fails.     

Ectopic thyroid: a report of a case and review of the literature

Ectopic thyroid is the presence of thyroid tissue outside its normal cervical seat. It results from abnormal embryological development. We report the case of an ectopic lingual thyroid found during maneuvers of intubation in a patient of 56 years old. The examination found a rhonchopathy with sleep apnea syndrome and sleep in a sitting position. Endoscopy showed a posterior lingual tumour. The cervical echography showed an absent thyroid in the normal place. Scintigraphy, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of ectopic lingual thyroid position. The treatment consisted of surgical excision by cervical route after a safety tracheotomy.     

扁桃体切除术后中远期疗效观察

目的:观察扁桃体切除术后中远期疗效,为扁桃体切除术适应证提供参考。方法:选取在我院接受扁桃体切除治疗的患者101例,电话随访术后满意度及症状改善情况。结果:对手术满意或基本满意的患者占总体的73.3%,术后咽痛、发热、睡眠打鼾等症状有明显改善,但咽异感症改善不明显。术前咽痛发作大于3年,或发作次数多于10次的患者术后咽痛明显减轻。部分患者术后出现咽干、异物感、发声改变等新的不适。结论:扁桃体切除术后中远期疗效多数令人满意,术后可能出现新的不适。     

Role of CO2 laser in the management of obstructive ectopic lingual thyroids

Ectopic lingual thyroid glands may occasionally undergo massive hypertrophy and be a source of airway obstruction. Securing the airway prior to surgery in such cases may be difficult. In the present paper, we report on two cases of obstructive ectopic lingual thyroids which were successfully managed endoscopically using CO(2) laser. The use of CO(2) laser for removal of ectopic lingual thyroid tissue offers advantages over traditional surgical techniques. In our opinion, removal of an appropriate amount of gland to secure an adequate airway is all that is required in most cases.     

CO2激光联合质子泵抑制剂治疗复发性声带突肉芽肿的疗效观察

目的 探讨CO₂激光联合质子泵抑制剂治疗复发性声带突肉芽肿的疗效。 方法 对复发性声带突肉芽肿患者28例,采用全麻支撑喉镜下CO₂激光手术,其中有胃食管反流症状16例,胃食管反流症状不明确12例,术后应用质子泵抑制剂抗胃酸反流治疗8~12周,术后随访1年观察疗效。 结果 28例术后声嘶、咽异物感等症状均有明显改善,病理证实均为肉芽组织。术后随访1年复查电子喉镜复发2例,给予埃索美拉唑40 mg/d口服1个月,肉芽肿明显缩小1例,肉芽肿未见进一步增大1例,无声嘶及异物感等喉部症状,未予再次手术治疗。 结论 胃食管反流是声带突肉芽肿术后复发的一个重要因素;CO₂激光手术联合质子泵抑制剂是治疗复发性声带突肉芽肿的一个有效方法,创伤小、复发率低。     

Dual ectopic thyroid

Ectopic thyroid is an uncommon embryological aberration characterized by the presence of thyroid tissue in a site other than in its usual pre-tracheal region. It occurs along the path of descent of the developing thyroid primodium from the foramen cecum. It most commonly presents itself as a lingual thyroid and is the only thyroid in 70% of all cases. It is extremely rare for two ectopic foci of thyroid tissue to be present simultaneously. The authors report a recent case of dual ectopic thyroid present in the lingual and infrahyoid areas with no thyroid tissue in the pre-tracheal area in a 15-year-old girl. The patient had originally been scheduled for surgery under the impression of thyroglossal duct cyst; however, a pre-operative computed tomography scan of neck and thyroid scans revealed the presence of dual ectopic thyroid, thus preventing unnecessary surgery. Therefore, thyroid scan, along with either neck CT or neck ultrasonogram, should be performed routinely to avoid unnecessary surgery if the clinical picture is at all compatible with thyroid ectopia. Received: 11 June 2001 / Accepted: 31 August 2001     

Transposition of the lingual thyroid

Lingual thyroid represents the only functioning thyroid tissue in the body in 70–80 percent of the cases, surgical ablation of which will produce hypothyroidism. Transposition of the lingual ectopic thyroid with its vascular supply intact as a pedicle graft is presented. This seems to be the most logical approach in preserving the viability and function of these ectopic tissues.     

64层螺旋CT三维重建在气管支气管异物诊断中的应用价值

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT三维重建成像技术在小儿气管、支气管异物诊断中的应用价值。方法对35例疑诊气管、支气管异物的患儿,行64层螺旋CT扫描后三维重建,与硬质支气管镜手术中情况比对,评价各种重建技术对支气管异物的位置、大小等情况判断及诊断价值。结果35例患儿经扫描后重建,均获清晰图像,其中32例诊断为气管、支气管异物,异物位于主气管5例、右侧支气管16例、左侧支气管11例,行硬质支气管镜检查与CT诊断异物部位一致,且均一次成功取出;异物咳出后CT检查1例未见异物,另2例重建成像未见异物,均未行硬质支气管镜检查,予抗炎治愈。螺旋CT多平面重建（MPR）、CT仿真内窥镜（CTVE）等技术均能明确异物的有无、位置、大小、形态等及异物所致气管、支气管狭窄的部位、严重程度等。结论螺旋CT多平面重建及后处理技术对明确气管、支气管异物的诊断以及是否需行硬质气管镜有创检查有重要指导意义。     

Simultaneous typical carcinoid tumour of larynx and occult papillary thyroid carcinoma

Typical carcinoid tumour of the larynx is extremely rare. We report the case of a 43-year-old man initially diagnosed with typical carcinoid tumour of the larynx, presenting with a foreign body sensation in his throat. Coincidentally, an occult papillary thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed, following detection of a suspicious lymph node on pre-operative imaging studies, and confirmation by neck dissection and subsequent total thyroidectomy. Following surgery and radioiodine therapy for these cancers, the patient was alive, well and free of disease two years later. Typical carcinoid tumour of the larynx with a synchronous occult papillary thyroid carcinoma has not previously been reported. The optimal treatment strategy for this case is also discussed.