160例中老年妇女骨密度分析

１６０例中老年妇女骨密度分析江苏省老年医院卓铁军周一明申志祥原发性骨质疏松是中老年，尤其是老年妇女的一种常见病，多发病，极易导致骨折，使人致残、致瘫，已成为严重危害中老年妇女健康的疾病之一。为了解本病的发病情况，本院从１９９６年８月设骨质疏松专科门诊...     

妇女初潮与骨密度的关系

骨质疏松的主要危险人群为老年妇女 ,其峰值骨密度的高低及随年龄增长的变化与多种因素有关。我们对 419例15～ 5 0岁的健康妇女进行腰椎、髋部的骨密度测定和生活因子调查 ,以探讨初潮年龄与骨密度的关系。1 对象与方法 :从我院及附近的机关、研究所、学校等社会团体 ,随机抽取 15～ 5 0岁的女性 419名 ,均为在北方长大的健康人 ,被调查者详细填写有关的问卷 ,记录年龄、体育锻炼、初潮年龄等其他生活因子。入选者均测量腰椎、髋部的骨密度 ,仪器为美国ＬＵＮＡＲ公司生产的ＤＰＸ Ｌ型双能Ｘ线骨密度仪。按初潮年龄将人群分为 <12、12～ 1…     

长春市13348例女性骨密度影响因素研究

目的:研究女性年龄、绝经年限、生育次数、饮食、运动、吸烟、嗜酒、慢性胃炎、Ⅱ型糖尿病、高血压、甲状腺机能亢进、父亲骨折病史、母亲骨折病史及体重指数(BMI)等因素对骨密度(BMD)的影响。方法:双能X线骨密度仪(pDEXA)检测前臂远端BMD,用自制的问卷调查表记录受试者生活习惯、慢性病史及绝经、生育史等进行统计学分析。结果:女性年龄、BMI、运动、饮食、吸烟、嗜酒、慢性胃炎、高血压病、甲状腺机能亢进及母亲骨折病史与BMD检测值相关,具有统计学意义;父亲骨折病史、Ⅱ型糖尿病病史与BMD无关,女性绝经年限和生育次数与BMD呈明显负相关。结论:吸烟、嗜酒、母亲骨折病史、慢性胃炎、甲状腺机能亢进、高血压病史及女性绝经、生育次数是OP的危险因素。运动、喝牛奶、吃海产品、体重是OP的可控因素。     

中原地区健康人的骨密度值

中原地区健康人的骨密度值周效孔骨代谢的基础理论研究、骨质疏松的诊断、治疗效果观察等都必须进行骨密度测量，确定骨矿物质的含量。鉴于各地测量结果差异较大，不适合本地区，为适应临床的需要，特拟定本研究专题。１材料和方法１．１仪器北京核仪器厂生产的ＨＢ６０１...     

2198例中老年患者骨密度检测结果分析

目的探讨中老年患者骨量减少(osteopenia,OPA)、骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)的患病率及主要流行病学特征。方法将2016年1月～2018年1月在解放军总医院第一医学中心放射诊断科行骨密度检查的2 198例患者分为男性组和女性组,男性组718例,年龄50～91岁,平均(63.86±9.27)岁;女性组1 480例,年龄45～88岁,平均(62.61±8.90)岁。采用美国HOLOGIC,Discovery-Wi型DEXA骨密度仪,测量2 198例45～91岁中老年患者的腰椎和髋关节骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD);采用世界卫生组织(WHO)亚洲人骨质疏松诊断标准,T-1.0为骨密度正常,T=-1.0～-2.5为骨质减少,T≤-2.5为骨质疏松;以性别、年龄分组对患者骨密度检测结果进行分析。结果 2 198例患者骨密度正常393例(17.88%),骨质减少1 018例(46.32%),骨质疏松787例(35.81%)。在男性718例患者中骨密度正常181例(25.21%),骨质减少389例(54.18%),骨质疏松148例(20.61%);在女性1 480例患者中骨密度正常212例(14.32%),骨质减少629例(42.50%),骨质疏松639例(43.18%)。各组骨量对比发现,随着患者年龄递增骨量值逐渐下降,同一年龄组女性比男性患者骨量低。结论中老年患者骨质疏松患病率女性高于男性,应根据其特点对患者早筛查、早诊断、早治疗。     

广州市萝岗区妇女超声骨密度调查结果分析

目的 探讨广州市萝岗区妇女骨峰值年龄及骨质疏松发生率的变化规律.方法 2009年4月至2010年12月,采用定量超声骨密度仪对广州市萝岗区区政府机关女干部、企事业单位女职工、部分社区家庭妇女和农村妇女进行超声骨密度检测,并分析该人群的骨量异常（低骨量和骨质疏松）发生率.结果 本次调查共检测妇女3 163人,年龄最小20...     

广州市萝岗区妇女超声骨密度调查结果分析

目的探讨广州市萝岗区妇女骨峰值年龄及骨质疏松发生率的变化规律。方法2009年4月至2010年12月,采用定量超声骨密度仪对广州市萝岗区区政府机关女干部、企事业单位女职工、部分社区家庭妇女和农村妇女进行超声骨密度检测,并分析该人群的骨量异常（低骨量和骨质疏松）发生率。结果本次调查共检测妇女3163人,年龄最小20岁,最大85岁,平均年龄为（44．11±10．84）岁。30—34岁妇女的骨强度指数达到峰值（91．51±14．00）,3163名受检妇女的低骨量发生率为27．95％,骨质疏松发生率为6．70％。随着年龄的增长,低骨量和骨质疏松发生率逐渐升高（P〈0．01）,在65岁以后,骨量异常占88．98％（113／127）,其中低骨量发生率达40．16％（51／127）,骨质疏松发生率达48．82％（62／127）。结论受调查女性的骨质疏松发生率与年龄密切相关,绝经后妇女是骨质疏松防治的重点人群,应定期进行骨密度检测,采取综合防治措施,减少骨质疏松及骨折的发生。     

围绝经期妇女骨密度测量值分析

目的:根据围绝经期妇女骨密度测量值与具有正常生育能力女性骨密度测量值对比进行分析。方法:采用超声骨强度测量仪对观察组(206例围绝经期妇女)与对照组(206例正常女性)进行骨密度测量,比较两组SOS值,T值和Z值。结果:观察组SOS值、T值和Z值均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组诊断患有骨质疏松患者33例(16.02%),对照组诊断患有骨质疏松患者1例(0.49%),观察组骨质疏松症发病率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:骨量流失从围绝经期开始,该阶段是防治骨质疏松症的关键时期,应适时进行骨密度测量,及时发现估量变化。     

长沙农村中老年妇女骨密度调查

目的 调查长沙农村中老年妇女不同骨骼部位与年龄相关的骨密度(BMD)和骨质疏松(OP)的患病率。方法 用DXA QDR4500A型扇形柬骨密度仪测量627例40～85岁女性腰椎后位和仰卧倒位、髋部及前臂的BMD，结果 (1)75～85岁组与40岁～组比较，总的骨丢失率以Word区最显著，前臂中远1／3最少(2)40岁以上腰椎侧位骨质疏松检出率最高，其次是前臂和Word区、股骨颈和大转子最低；(3)至少有一个骨骼区域的BMD值达到OP标准的发生率随年龄的增加逐渐增加。结论农村女性40岁以后骨密度的变化及OP发生率与其他职业40岁以上的女性相似。随年龄的增长OP患病率也不同。     

太原地区部分妇女骨密度值研究及骨质疏松防治初探

自１９９８年１月至１９９９年６月对太原地区来本院就诊的１５１名妇女进行了骨密度检测。其中４０岁以上妇女（含４０岁）分工人、农民、家庭妇女组４４人,其骨密度均值为０．６５１ｇ／ｃｍ＾２,最高值０．８１０ｇ／ｃｍ＾２,最低值０．２８０ｇ／ｃｍ＾２。妇女干部组织５１人,其骨密度均值为０．６４１ｇ／ｃｍ＾２,最高值０／７５６ｇ／ｃｍ＾２,最低值０／３５０ｇ／ｃｍ＾２。４０岁以下妇女分工人、农民、家庭妇女组     

Association between lifestyle habits and bone mineral density in Japanese juveniles

Objectives

We explored the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and lifestyle in juveniles to identify factors leading to higher peak bone mass and prevention of osteoporosis in later life.

Methods

Juveniles (1,364 students: 770 boys and 594 girls, aged 6–18 years) attending school in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan, were asked to complete a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire for 10-year-olds (BDHQ10y) providing information about personal history, lifestyle, and intake of nutritional elements. In addition, BMD and grip strength were measured. We analyzed the relationship between BMD and lifestyle factors.

Results

The difference in BMD for boys was larger among the junior and senior high school groups. The difference in BMD for girls was larger among older elementary and later school children. Anthropometric variables and grip strength were strongly correlated with BMD. Having a nap-time routine was significantly correlated with BMD, but sleep time and sports club activities were not. BMD among juveniles who attained secondary sexual characteristics was significantly higher than that of juveniles of the same age who had not attained these characteristics. Calcium intake was significantly lower in senior high school students compared with other grades. Consumption of milk by senior high school boys and junior high school girls was weakly correlated with BMD.

Conclusions

Our findings encourage educational interventions to counsel students to avoid weight loss and calcium deficiency. This effective intervention should begin before the higher elementary school, when juveniles have the greatest likelihood for preventing lower peak bone mass and osteoporosis.     

Oral contraceptive use and bone density in adolescent and young adult women

Background

Most of the millions of oral contraceptive (OC) users are under 30 years of age and in the critical period for bone mass accrual.

Study Design

This cross-sectional study of 606 women aged 14-30 years examined both OC duration and estrogen dose and their association with bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip, spine, and whole body (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry).

Results

Of 389 OC users and 217 nonusers enrolled, 50% were adolescents (14-18 years). Of OC users, 38% used “low-dose” OCs [<30 mcg ethinyl estradiol (EE)]. In adolescents, mean BMD differed by neither OC duration nor EE dose. However, 19- to 30-year-old women's mean BMD was lower with longer OC use for spine and whole body (p=.004 and p=.02, respectively) and lowest for >12 months of low-dose OCs for the hip, spine and whole body (p=.02, .003 and .002, respectively).

Conclusions

Prolonged use of today's OCs, particularly <30 mcg EE, may adversely impact young adult women's bone density while using these agents.     

中老年女性骨密度和骨代谢生化指标关系的研究

目的了解中老年女性骨密度和骨代谢生化指标随年龄变化的特点,分析骨代谢生化指标在骨质疏松症早期诊断中的价值。方法测定162例中老年女性腰椎正位骨密度,同时检测所有受检者空腹血清骨钙素、血清碱性磷酸酶及晨尿吡啶啉,尿吡啶啉用肌酐校正。按年龄段和不同骨密度组对骨代谢生化指标值分别进行统计分析。结果骨质疏松在中老年女性中普遍存在,发病率很高,达51.2%。骨代谢指标按年龄分析,中老年女性骨钙素和尿吡啶啉/肌酐在50~69岁时明显升高。70岁以后又趋于下降。而血清碱性磷酸酶各年龄段无显著性差异。按骨密度分析,中老年女性骨质疏松组和骨量减低组的骨钙素和尿吡啶啉/肌酐均明显高于正常组。而骨质疏松组和骨量减低组的骨钙素和尿吡啶啉/肌酐值无显著性差异。各骨密度组的血清碱性磷酸酶无显著性差异。结论骨质疏松症是1种危害极大的疾病,在中老年女性中患病率很高,因此早期诊断尤为重要。血清骨钙素、尿吡啶啉/肌酐分别是反映骨形成和骨吸收特异性和敏感性较高的指标,有助于原发性骨质疏松症的早期诊断。     

Physical activity and bone mineral density in Italian middle-aged women

Osteoporosis is a major health issue in postmenopausal women on account of the association between low bone mineral density and fractures. A role of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of low bone mineral density is possible but still unclear. The relationship between low spine bone mineral density measured by means of dual photon absorptiometry at lumbar spines, and levels of past and recent physical activity has been assessed by means of a population-based screening study carried out on 1373 women (age 40–64 years) in the North-East of Italy. Physical activity at work and in leisure time was investigated for three specific periods of life: at age 12, between 15 and 19 years (during bone formative years), and in the recent years prior to the interview (30–39 or 50–59 years). Data were analysed comparing low versus high bone mineral density tertile (i.e., 458 and 461 women, respectively), after controlling for other known contributory factors in the development of osteoporosis. A positive association emerged with leisure time physical activity, with significant trends at age 15–19 (odds ratio (OR) for low versus high tertile of leisure time activity: 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8–2.4) and at most recent age (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.6). Risk trends with occupational physical activity were less clear and non-statistically significant. The present Southern European cross-sectional study lends further support to the possibility that past and recent physical activity helps increasing bone mineral density in middle-aged women. Although the most beneficial type and intensity level of exercise has yet to be determined, the present results provide further evidence that participation in even moderate exercise programs should be encouraged.     

职业铅接触对工人骨密度和骨代谢的影响

目的探讨职业铅接触对工人骨密度和骨代谢的影响。方法以上海某蓄电池厂298名铅作业工人为职业接触对象，同时选取该厂无职业铅接触史的办公室工作人员81名作为对照。血铅（BPb）、尿铅（UPb）为接触标志物；代表骨质疏松的Z评分、尿羟脯氨酸（HYP）、血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、血清骨碱性磷酸酶（BALP）、血清骨钙素（BGP）为效应标志物。应用单光子骨密度仪（SPA-4）测定工人骨密度。结果职业铅接触组人群BPb、UPb、HYP、ALP、BALP均高于对照组，其中男性差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；接触组BGP高于对照组，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；接触组骨密度低于对照组，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。与UPb 0-μg／gCr组比，各人群UPb10-μg／gCr组的骨密度均明显降低，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；与BPb0～μg／L组比，男性BPb300-μg／L组的骨密度明显下降，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。分别与UPb0-μg／gCr组、BPb0-μg／L组比，各人群UPb20-μg／gCr组、BPb300-μg／L组的HYP、ALP、BALP、BGP均明显升高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。随着体内铅接触水平的升高，人群骨质疏松的患病率和各骨代谢指标的异常率均随之明显升高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），并呈线性相关（P〈0．01），但BGP的异常率与UPb无明显联系（P〉0．05）。计算得到基准剂量（BMD），推出基准剂量的95％低限水平（BMDL）。铅所引起的骨质疏松指标的BPb、UPbBMDL值均高于铅致骨代谢指标改变的BMDL值。结论职业铅接触能引起人群骨密度降低而导致骨质疏松，并且可以影响工人骨代谢。     

鹿骨粉治疗大鼠卵巢摘除后所致的骨质疏松

目的:探讨鹿骨粉对卵巢摘除后骨质疏松症(0P)大鼠骨微结构及骨矿物质的影响.方法:Wistar大鼠行双侧卵巢摘除术,采用X线摄片确认发生OP之后,将模型大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、鹿骨粉低剂量(200 mg/kg)组(鹿骨粉低剂量组)、鹿骨粉中剂量(400 mg/kg)组(鹿骨粉中剂量组)、鹿骨粉高剂量(800 mg/kg)组(鹿骨粉高剂量组)、葡萄糖酸钙(160 mg/kg)组(葡萄糖酸钙组).术后模型大鼠给药治疗4个月后,利用X线摄片观察骨质微结构,采用小动物成像仪获取股骨全段骨密度(BMD)值,应用生化分析仪及ELISA试剂盒检测血清中钙、镁、磷离子浓度以及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRACP)含量.结果:与模型组比较,鹿骨粉低剂量组、鹿骨粉中剂量组、鹿骨粉高剂量组和葡萄糖酸钙组股骨骨松质减少,骨密质和骨小梁增多,股骨各段BMD均增高,钙、镁离子浓度增高、磷离子浓度以及ALP、TRACP含量降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:鹿骨粉改善卵巢摘除所致的骨质微结构及血清学指标的变化,提示其能够预防及治疗雌激素下降所致的OP.     

Risk factors for low bone mineral density among a large group of Norwegian women with fractures

The objectives of this study were to determine factors related to fractures and bone mineral density (BMD) in a large group of Norwegian women. In a cross-sectional study, 3803 women aged 50–75, all with a history of fractures, were included in the study. BMD was measured with Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at both hip (neck) and spine (L1–L4), while information on other factors thought to influence BMD were obtained through a questionnaire. In multivariate analysis, the strongest positive predictor of both hip and spine BMD was current body weight, while weight loss since the age of 25 and number of years since menopause were the strongest inverse predictors. In addition, use of cortisone and maternal history of fractures were associated with lower BMD, as was loss of height since the age of 25. Physical activity was positively correlated with BMD. These results show the complexity of factors involved in the etiology of osteoporosis, with several factors acting in synergism. This points to the need for multifactorial prevention strategies, which most effectively need to be instituted at an early age, before peak bone mass is achieved.     

全身振动对女性骨密度影响的meta分析

目的 运用meta分析国内外有关文献,探讨全身振动训练(WBV)对女性人群骨密度(BMD)的影响。方法 以“振动训练”、“全身振动”、“骨密度”、“女性”、“Whole-body vibration”、“Bone mineral density”、“Woman”、“Female”为中英文主题词或关键词检索CNKI、CBM、VIP、万方数据库、Pub Med、以及OVID数据库,共纳入20篇国内外文献。结果 全身振动对中青年女性的腰椎BMD影响的WMD=0.00,95%CI(-0.02～0.02),Z=0.03,P=0.98;对股骨颈BMD影响的WMD=-0.01,95%CI(-0.04～0.01),Z=1.07,P=0.28,全身振动对中青年女性的骨密度影响效果不明显。全身振动对绝经后老年女性的腰椎BMD影响的WMD=-0.01,95%CI(-0.02～-0.01),Z=5.27,P<0.000 01;对股骨颈BMD影响的WMD=-0.01,95%CI(-0.02～-0.01),Z=6.42,P<0.000 01,全身振动对绝经后老年女性的骨密度具有显著的提高效果。结论 全身振动训练对于绝经后老年女性的骨密度提升效果十分明显,但对于中青年女性骨密度则没有明显的提高效果。     

老年骨质疏松患者服用钙加维生素D后骨密度及生化指标的改变

目的了解补充钙和维生素D对骨丢失和骨转换的影响。方法对31例门诊原发性骨质疏松症和骨量减少患每日服用1片碳酸钙和维生素D复合剂(每片含元素钙600mg和维生素D125IU),连服6个月。治疗前后检测腰椎骨密度(BMD)、骨矿含量(BMC)及骨转换生化指标。结果碳酸钙和维生素D复合剂每日1片能明显改善骨质疏松引起的腰背疼和腿痛性痉挛,有明显疗效。可以维持腰椎骨密度,明显增加男性腰椎骨矿含量( 2．7％),与治疗前比较,明显提高血清250HD( 13．8％)和BGP(％29．5％),减少尿HOP／Cr比值(-17．5％)。结论老年人每天1片碳酸钙和维生素D复合剂对防止骨丢失,改善维生素D的营养状态,促进骨形成和抑制骨吸收有一定作用。