SF-12量表用于城市建筑业农民工生存质量的信度和效度研究

目的分析SF-12量表用于评价城市建筑业农民工人群生存质量的信度和效度。方法采用内部一致性信度评估SF-12量表的信度,采用集合效度、区分效度和结构效度评估SF-12量表的效度。结果SF-12量表评价城市建筑业农民工人群的内部一致性信度Cronbach’s α系数为0.776,8个维度的集合效度定标试验成功率为100%,区分效度定标试验成功率为100%;对量表的理论模型进行验证性因子分析,所得模型与原始假定一致,拟合指标结果为RMSEA=0.052,NFI=0.973,CFI=0.982,AGFI=0.964。结论SF-12量表适用于城市建筑业农民工群体的生存质量评价。     

SF-12量表用于评价地震灾区居民生存质量的信度、效度分析

[目的]评估SF-12生存质量量表用于评价地震灾区居民生存质量的信度和效度。[方法]采用内部一致性信度评估SF-12生存质量量表的信度,采用集合效度、区分效度和结构效度评估SF-12生存质量量表的效度。[结果]SF-12生存质量量表在评价地震灾区居民生存质量时的内部一致性信度Cronbach’α为0.856;8个维度的集合效度成功率均为100%,各维度区分效度成功率均为100%;对量表的理论模型进行验证性因子分析,所得模型结构与原始假定一致,两个主要评价指标RMSEA=0.068,CFI=0.969。[结论]SF-12生存质量量表用于评价地震灾区居民的生存质量具有较好的信度和效度。     

SF-36量表测定中国云南农村艾滋病病毒感染者和普通村民生活质量分析

[目的]探讨SF-36量表测定中国云南农村艾滋病病毒感染者与普通村民生活质量的效果。[方法]采用SF-36量表对艾滋病病毒感染者和普通村民进行面对面问卷调查,比较普通村民与感染者、未接受治疗与接受治疗的感染者组间在躯体功能、社会功能等8个维度方面的区别。[结果]①感染者组SF-36量表各维度Cronbach's α系数均大于或接近0.7;普通村民组除活力(VT)和社会功能(SF)维度外,其他维度Cronbach's α系数均大于0.7。②普通村民组躯体功能(PF)、VT、机体疼痛(BP)和总的健康状况(GH)维度得分显著高于未接受抗病毒治疗的感染者组;接受抗病毒治疗的感染者组VT、BP和GH维度得分显著高于未治疗的感染者组。[结论]SF-36测定中国农村艾滋病病毒感染者生活质量时具有较好的信度;在反映生理健康的维度上具有较好的判别效度,在反映心理健康的维度上判别效度不理想。建议开发艾滋病病毒感染者特异性生活质量量表。     

生命质量8条简明量表中文版开发及其性能评价

[目的]开发用于测量生命质量的8条目简明量表（SF-8）中文版本，并检验其信度和效度。[方法]采用翻译与回译两个步骤开发SF-8中文版本：采用现况调查用SF-8中文版本测量部分成都市居民生命质量，计算量表的内部一致性信度，并以SF-36为校标计算SF-8量表的校标效度，运用因子分析评价其结构效度。[结果]SF-8量表的克朗巴赫α系数为0．749；SF-8量表测量结果与SF-36的总分相关系数为0．559，各维度相关系数范围在0．339～0．539之间；因子分析共提取出3个公因子，即心理健康、生理健康和总体健康，累计贡献率为71．71％。[结论]SF-8量表具有较好的信度和效度，可以在中国人群中应用。但在应用时也要注意调查对结果灵敏度的要求。     

SF36-Ⅱ在血液透析患者中信度、效度、敏感度的评价

[目的]应用修订后的第2版简明健康状况调查表（SF36-Ⅱ）对血液透析患者进行信度、效度、敏感度的初步研究。[方法]根据纳入标准,选取开滦医院透析中心的70例血液透析患者,对其进行信度、效度、敏感度检验。信度检验用相关系数r值和Cronbach’sα系数来评价。采用多元统计的因子分析方法考核量表的结构效度;以WHOQOL-BREF量表为效标,应用相关系数分析量表的效标效度。各领域敏感度通过t检验来评估。[结果]SF36-Ⅱ有良好的信度,各维度的重测信度和评定者间信度均在0.91～1.00之间;分半信度为0.97;内部一致性信度的Cron-bach’sα系数均在0.75以上。量表有较好的结构效度;分析被测量表与效标量表间相关系数为0.70～0.82,效标效度良好。除了GH、MH外,大多数领域均显示出了良好的敏感性。[结论]SF36-Ⅱ在血液透析患者中具有良好的信度、效度、敏感度,适用于血液透析患者生存质量的测量。     

WOMAC、SF-36量表与《大骨节病治疗效果判定》(WS/T 79-2011)标准在大骨节病患者疗效评价中的应用比较

目的比较西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)量表、医疗结果研究36项简表(SF-36量表)与《大骨节病治疗效果判定》(WS/T 79-2011)标准在大骨节病患者疗效评价中的应用效果, 为大骨节病患者治疗评价提供依据。方法以甘肃省213名大骨节病患者为调查对象, 分别采用WOMAC、SF-36量表与WS/T 79-2011标准分析大骨节病患者治疗前后生活质量。比较WOMAC、SF-36量表的信度、结构效度、内容效度、区分效度, 并分析WOMAC、SF-36量表与WS/T 79-2011标准之间的相关性。结果 WOMAC、SF-36量表均具有较好的结构效度与内容效度(结构效度:WOMAC、SF-36量表分别含1、2个公因子;内容效度:WOMAC、SF-36量表分别含3、8个公因子);WOMAC量表的信度、区分效度均优于SF-36量表(信度:WOMAC量表信度系数均≥0.934, 而SF-36量表信度系数范围为0.386 ～ 0.999;区分效度:患者治疗前后WOMAC量表3个领域均有差异, 而SF-36量表8个领域中6个领域有差异)。WOMAC、SF-36量表与WS/T 7...     

SF-36量表应用于居民自我健康测评的信度和效度研究

目的:评价SF-36量表用于测量上海市居民健康及生存质量的信度和效度。方法:采用SF-36生存质量量表,由经过统一培训的调查员对上海市15岁以上居民2016人进行面对面访谈,对测量结果进行信度和效度分析。信度包括内部信度和分半信度,效度包括准则效度和结构效度。采用相关分析、非参数检验、多重比较和因子分析方法对SF-36量表的信度和效度进行评价。结果:整个量表的Cronbach’α系数以及去掉一项内容后得到的Cronbach’α系数均高于0.8,总量表的分半信度和各个分量表的分半信度均高于0.6。反映量表的信度较好。在准则效度的评价中,实际结果和理论推断和以往研究结果相一致,表明量表的准则效度较好。因子分析所产生的3个公共因子可解释总变异的75.30%,并在相应项目上有较强的因子负荷,表明量表的结构效度较好。结论:SF-36量表具有较好的信度和效度,适用于上海市居民的生存质量评价。     

SF-36量表测量腰椎间盘突出所致坐骨神经痛患者生命质量的信度及效度研究

目的:评价SF-36量表用于测量腰椎间盘突出所致坐骨神经痛患者的生命质量的信度和效度,探讨SF-36量表用于腰椎间盘突出所致坐骨神经痛患者的可行性.方法:用SF-36量表对四个医院的坐骨神经痛患者进行问卷调查,通过Cronbach's α系数评价量表的信度,通过结构方程模型对问卷的效度进行评价.结果:SF-36量表各维度Cronbach' sα系数均在0.70以上,结构方程模型适配度指标为:x2/df,RMSEA=0.057,IFI=0.904,CFI=0.901.结论:SF-36量表用于评价腰椎间盘突出所致坐骨神经痛患者的生命质量信度和效度较好,可以用于对坐骨神经痛患者生命质量的评价.     

2种量表测定慢性病患者生命质量效果评价

目的比较健康状况调查（SF-36）与慢性病患者生命质量测定量表体系共性模块（OLICD-GM）量表用于慢性病患者生命质量测定的效果。方法用SF-36和QLICD-GM 2个量表同时测定607例慢性病患者生命质量并对比分析其信度、效度和反应度。结果2个量表的信度、效度和反应度均比较好,但QLICD-GM更敏感。结论2个量表均能用于慢性病患者生命质量测定,但QLICD-GM更有针对性和敏感性。     

SF-36维文版应用于2型糖尿病患者的信度和效度评价

目的 了解健康测量量表SF-36维文版应用于2型糖尿病患者生命质量测量的效度和信度.方法 应用SF-36维文版量表对77名2型糖尿病患者进行测试,计算该量表的内部一致性信度、分半信度、敏感性分析、结构效度等.结果 SF-36 Cronbach's α系数为0.945,分半信度系数为0.837;敏感性分析显示“Alpha...     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.