二维及彩色超声在先天性斜颈中的应用

目的探讨先天性斜颈患儿胸锁乳突肌肿块的二维及彩色超声表现与病因、诊断及转归的关系.方法回顾160例胸锁乳突肌肿块的超声检查资料,分析其大小、内部回声及多普勒血流信号.结果肿块平均大小为长3.01±0.53cm,厚1.21±0.26cm,宽2.28±0.40cm.内部回声多为非均质性稍低回声.血流信号检出率为89%(48/54),收缩期峰值速度8.81±3.03cm/s,舒张末期速度2.03±1.05cm/s.结论超声检查对本病的诊断及鉴别是一种有效方法,肿块大小及内部回声强度与临床转归有关,彩色多普勒从影像学上佐证了病理学上的部分改变.     

超声在不同时期先天性肌性斜颈患儿中的诊断价值

目的 探讨超声对不同时期先天性肌性斜颈(CMT)患儿的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析50例经临床或手术证实为CMT患儿的声像图特点,包括病变区域边界、胸锁乳突肌(SCM)厚度、回声强度及彩色多普勒血流表现,比较﹤1岁患儿和≥1岁患儿超声表现的差异性.结果 50例患儿中,超声诊断CMT患儿46例,诊断准确率92.0%.28例﹤1岁患儿超声表现为患侧SCM局限性增厚,彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)示部分病变内部或周边点线状血流信号;18例≥1岁患儿超声表现为患侧SCM厚度多变薄,肌层回声可弥漫性增强或肌层内出现条带状强回声,CDFI未见明显血流信号.两组患儿受累SCM的超声特征比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).结论 不同时期CMT患儿的二维及彩色多普勒超声表现具有特异性,可指导临床医师选择合适的治疗方式.     

超声诊断先天性肌性斜颈11例分析

目的探讨超声检查诊断先天性肌性斜颈的应用价值。方法先天性肌性斜颈患儿一侧胸锁乳肌纤维性挛缩,二维超声对患侧进行连续扫查,观察病变部位的回声及范围,应用彩色多普勒超声技术了解其血流情况。结果均发现一侧胸锁乳突肌局部明显肿大,回声杂乱,部分可见血流信号。结论超声检查是肌性斜颈诊断与鉴别诊断的较好方法。     

高频超声及彩色多普勒对乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的评价高频超声及彩色多普勒对乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法应用高频二维超声对148例乳腺肿块患者进行检查,观察肿块的部位、大小、形态、边界、纵横比、内部回声、后方回声、有无微小钙化及腋下淋巴结肿大等;结合彩色多普勒血流显像观察乳腺肿块的特征。结果148例乳腺癌均经手术和病理证实,超声诊断提示恶性肿瘤133例,诊断符合率为90%(133/148)。结论高频二维超声结合彩色多普勒血流显像对乳腺癌具有较高的诊断价值。     

高频彩色多普勒超声诊断乳腺肿块203例临床分析

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在乳腺良、恶性肿块鉴别诊断中的作用,提高超声检查对乳腺良、恶性肿块的诊断符合率.方法 用二维超声、彩色多普勒超声对203例乳腺实质性肿瘤进行超声检查,分析病变的形态、边缘、内部回声、包膜、纵横比,有无钙化灶、血流信号分布等情况,与其病理诊断结果进行对照分析.结果 超声检查可以确定乳腺肿块发生的部位、肿块的大小、乳腺肿块的声像图特点及肿块的血流分布特征、丰富程度、血流动力学参数值.结论 彩色多普勒超声与肿块的二维超声征象相结合可提高乳腺肿块的超声诊断准确率.     

超声对小儿肌性斜颈的应用价值

目的：探讨超声诊断技术在对小儿肌性斜颈中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析经临床证实的56例肌性斜颈患儿的超声声像图表现,总结病变的超声特异性改变。结果：本组56例患儿均存在特异性超声像图改变,以二维声像图表现分为三型：肿块型34例、局限性增厚型18例、弥漫性增厚型4例;内部回声改变分为四种：低回声5例、等回声11例、稍强回声20例、强回声20例;彩色多普勒超声显示其中20例病变内部及周边可见短棒状、点状血流信息。结论：超声在早期诊断小儿肌性斜颈有重要的价值,并对临床的治疗方案的制定有一定的指导意义。     

高频超声及彩色多普勒对乳腺肿块的诊断与探讨

目的　探讨高频超声及彩色多普勒联合应用对乳腺肿块的诊断价值。方法　 76例乳腺肿块经二维超声了解其形态、边界、内部回声 ,有无后方衰减及侧方声影 ,然后用彩色多普勒检查肿块内有无血流信号。结果　二维声像图特征 ,良性肿块表现为 :形态规则 ,边界清晰 ,内部回声均匀 ,纵横比 <1。恶性肿块多表现为 :形态不规则 ,边界不清 ,内部回声不均匀 ,有后方衰减 ,纵横比 >1。彩色多普勒显像 ,恶性肿块多有丰富血流信号。结论　二维超声及彩色多普勒诊断乳腺肿块 ,判断其良恶性 ,准确率较高 ,有较大的临床应用价值     

彩色多普勒超声诊断小儿先天性肌性斜颈

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断小儿先天性肌性斜颈的价值.方法 回顾性分析我院超声诊断并经临床证实的小儿先天性肌性斜颈62例的声像图特征.结果 本组62例先天性肌性斜颈患儿均发现异常声像图改变.根据声像图特征,62例先天性肌性斜颈分为两种类型:肿块型32例(32/62,51.61%),弥漫型30例(30/62,48.39%).18例(18/62,29.03%)先天性肌性斜颈内显示低速高阻动脉血流,阻力指数0.73～0.88.结论 彩色多普勒超声对小儿先天性肌性斜颈有明确的诊断价值.     

先天性肌性斜颈严重程度评分表对小儿先天性肌性斜颈诊断及预后的评估价值

目的:研究先天性肌性斜颈严重程度评分表(CMT-SCST)在小儿先天性肌性斜颈(CMT)中的诊断与预后价值。方法:收集2017年1月至2019年6月我院门诊就诊的0~1岁CMT患儿89例,通过CMT-SCST及彩色多普勒超声等技术手段,对入组的不同CMT分型患儿进行患侧和健侧胸锁乳突肌肿块大小或肌肉条纹回声异常区域范围...     

乳腺良恶性肿块的彩色多普勒血流显像与病理对照分析

本文对１０２例乳腺肿块患者进行彩色多普勒超声检查,并与病理对照,分析乳腺良恶性肿块的声像图特征,并探讨其诊断标准。１　资料与方法１９９４～１９９８年,应用彩色多普勒超声检查１０２例患者,均为女性,年龄１８～６２岁,平均４６岁,均行手术切除及病理组织学检查。使用仪器为ＡＴＬ超９ＨＤＩ彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,探头频率５～１０ＭＨｚ。采用直接检查法,先通过二维显像,常规探查乳腺肿块的位置、大小、形态、边界、内部回声、后方回声。同时注意观察皮肤及胸大肌有无浸润,腋窝淋巴结有无肿大。然后打开ＣＤＦＩ开关,观…     

三维超声成像在肾肿块诊断中的应用

目的 探讨三维超声成像在肾脏肿块诊断中的应用价值。方法 对81例肾脏肿块进行三维重建，并与二维进行对比，经肾穿刺或手术病理证实。结果 三维超声重建图像清晰，形态直观，立体感强，能够显示肿块内部结构特征，确定病变与相邻结构的空间关系。结论 三维超声图像从多切面、多角度获取更多的临床信息，在一定程度上弥补了二维超声的不足，为疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断提供了可靠的形态学依据。     

二维和彩色多普勒超声对宫角妊娠的诊断

目的 探讨二维超声和彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)对宫角妊娠的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。方法 对13例经手术与病理证实的宫角妊娠患者超声资料作回顾性分析。结果 根据二维图像将宫角妊娠分为三种类型：妊娠囊型(2例)，混合型(8例)，陈旧型(3例)。CDFI对宫角妊娠的血流检出率为84．6％，以混合型者血流信号检出率最高，达到100％(8／8)。阻力指数0．40—0．46。结论 二维超声和CDFI是诊断与鉴别诊断宫角妊娠的简便方法。     

Quantitative 3-D Ultrasound of the Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle in Children with Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Three-dimensional ultrasound (3-DUS) was used to examine the size and appearance of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). Twenty-six children with CP and 10 typically developing (TD) children participated. Three-dimensional US images of both limbs in children with CP and the right limb in TD children were analysed using quantitative methods to determine muscle volume, global echo intensity, global echo pattern and regional echo intensity. Significant differences in MG volume and all echo parameters were found between TD and CP children. The more involved limb was smaller and had higher echo intensity and a more heterogenous echo pattern compared with the TD group. Compared with that of the more involved limb, the MG of the less involved limb was larger but had a similar echo appearance. The MG of both limbs in children with unilateral spastic CP is smaller and, based on quantitative ultrasound, structurally different from that of TD children.     

干燥综合征腮腺的超声表现

目的评价干燥综合征的腮腺超声检查价值。方法分析42例干燥综合征患者的腮腺的声像图特点。结果根据干燥综合征腮腺的大小、实质内有无结节及团块、结节的数量、腮腺的血流分布特点将声像图分为4型：①类正常型：腺体大小回声基本正常,彩色血流信号强度多为0级;②结节型;腺体内呈弥漫性分布的低回声结节,彩色血流信号强度1～2级;③团块型：腺体内见低回声或混合性回声团块,彩色血流信号强度1～2级,血流的分布形式以团块的“周边环绕型”和“内部分支型”为主;④萎缩型：腺体体积缩小,可伴主导管扩张及囊肿形成。彩色血流信号强度多为1级。结论腮腺的超声检查在于燥综合征的诊断及鉴别诊断中是一种有价值的检查方法。     

三维超声在胎儿半椎体畸形诊断中的应用

目的探讨二维及三维超声在胎儿半椎体畸形诊断中的应用价值。方法应用二维及三维超声对4例半椎体畸形胎儿病变椎体进行检查及图像分析。结果二维超声显示4例半椎体畸形胎儿病变发生在腰段及胸段各2例;胎儿脊柱矢状切面椎弓回声排列整齐,病变椎体骨化中心回声模糊或缺失;冠状切面可见脊柱侧弯或成角畸形,成角弯曲部位一侧的骨化中心缺失;三维超声显示病变椎体骨化中心回声模糊或缺失,直观显示脊柱侧弯或成角畸形,通过肋骨及脊柱的关系可清晰定位病变椎体,图像直观逼真。结论三维超声能在二维超声诊断胎儿半椎体畸形的基础上提供更多病变椎体的诊断信息,具有重要的临床价值,是二维超声影像检查的重要补充。     

胎儿肢体畸形的超声诊断价值

目的 探讨胎儿肢体畸形的二维超声图像特征，评价二维超声诊断胎儿肢体畸形的价值。方法 回顾性分析21例胎儿肢体畸形的二维声超检查结果和图像特征，并与产后及引产后的结果对照。结果 超声诊断21例胎儿肢体畸形，其中10例对称性四肢短小，2例海豹儿短肢畸形，4例马蹄内翻足，3例双侧烧骨发育不良合并畸形手，1例单纯左下肢短肢畸形，1例拇践缺失。以上病例均与产后及引产后结果相符合。结论 胎儿肢体畸形有典型的二维图像特征，诊断准确率高，且无创伤、安全、可靠，可反复检查，是诊断胎儿肢体畸形的首选方法。     

Correlation of ultrasonographic imaging of congenital muscular torticollis with clinical assessment in infants

Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a common problem affecting infants and children. There is a general lack of standard clinical classification or objective assessment methods. Ultrasonographic imaging of the sternomastoid muscle (SCM) has been carried out in a consecutive series of 436 infants less than 1 y old presenting with CMT over a 5-y period. All patients were classified into three clinical groups: postural torticollis, muscular torticollis and sternomastoid tumor. The severity of the torticollis was also expressed into four subgroups according to the degree of deficits in passive rotation of the neck. The ultrasonographic image of the affected SCM included the echogenicity, texture, motility, softness and the transverse and longitudinal extent of the involvement. The disturbance in the quantitative measurement of the transverse diameter of the lower and upper third of the SCM and the ratio of the measurement to the normal side was recorded. The qualitative and quantitative changes in the SCM image were found to correlate significantly with the clinical typing and severity of rotational deficits of the neck. Ultrasonographic imaging has important potential clinical application in helping the diagnosis, prognostication and monitoring of progress of CMT longitudinally.     

炎症后附睾精子肉芽肿的超声表现

目的结合病理诊断分析炎症后附睾精子肉芽肿声像图特征,提高超声对炎症后附睾精子肉芽肿的诊断价值。方法26例附睾精子肉芽肿患者共30个附睾精子肉芽肿,以睾丸实质回声为参照,分为4型：高回声型、等回声型、低回声型及网络状无回声型。结果30个附睾精子肉芽肿,低回声型16个,等回声型4个,高回声型8个,网格状无回声型2个。结论炎症后附睾精子肉芽肿超声图像与其病理组织结构密切相关,不同病理时期附睾精子肉芽肿有不同的超声表现。     

Comparison between Thin-Slice 3-D Volumetric Ultrasound and Conventional Ultrasound in the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Lesions

We explored the efficacy of thin-slice volumetric 3-D ultrasound (3-DUS) in distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. A total of 103 thyroid nodules were evaluated prospectively using 3-D gray-scale ultrasonography. The shape, margin, halo and potential capsular invasion of the nodules were compared with the findings of conventional 2-D ultrasound (2-DUS). Of the 103 thyroid nodules, there were 50 pathologically confirmed benign lesions and 53 malignant lesions (51.5%). Shape irregularity, ill-defined margins and capsular invasion provided sensitivities of 90.0%, 47.2% and 39.6% and specificities of 88.0%, 84.0% and 100%, respectively, for the malignant lesions. The diagnosis of thyroid cancer was improved in 3-DUS compared with 2-DUS, with a sensitivity of 88.7%, specificity of 90.0%, positive predictive value of 90.4%, negative predictive value of 88.2% and accuracy of 89.3%. The sensitivity of detection for lesions with capsular invasion increased to 39.6% with 3-DUS, more than twice that of 2-DUS. Three-dimensional US is highly accurate in diagnosing thyroid nodules, particularly those with capsular invasion.