我国八个大中城市院前急救流行病学调查分析

Objective To investigate the epidemiological information of patients in pre-hospital medical care for our large and medium-sized cities and probe the patients' characteristic. Method The data in 2008 were exported from the computer databases of 8 large and medium-sized cities' emergency medical centers in our country.The thorough records of data were conducted to statistical analysis. Results ( 1 ) The scheduling time, running time, rescue time, returning time, total time and service radius in the pre-hospital medical care group were 2.16± 1.10(min), 14.01 ±6.82(min), 12.12±5.96(min), 14.08± 6.85(min), 42.34± 20.21(min)and 8.50±4.18(km), and the above parameter in the non-death group were 2.19 ± 1.13(min), 14.15 ± 7.14(min),11.60±6.72(min), 14.92 ±6.89(min), 41.86± 19.53(minutes) and 8.63±4.31(Km), and the above parameter in the death group were 2.10± 1.08(min), 13.68 ± 7.14(min), 25.25 ± 12.34(min), 13.75±6.48(min), 54.74 ± 25.47(min) and 7.86± 3.91(Km), and the above parameter in the non-sudden cardiac death group were2.09± 1.03(min), 13.58±6.78(min), 25.53± 12.34(min), 13.60± 6.54(min), 53.79±23.77(min) and 7.67 ± 3.86(Km), and the above parameter in the sudden cardiac death group were 2.12 ±1.02(min), 14.10±7.05(min), 24.79± 12.08(min), 13.79±6.61(min), 54. 80 ± 25. 36( min) and 7.90±3.92(Km) respectively. The scheduling time, running time, returning time and service radius in the death group were less than those of the non-death group, but the rescue time and total time of the former were more than those of the latter respectively ( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0. 001 ). The scheduling time and returning time didn' t have significant difference between the sudden cardiac death group and the non-sudden cardiac death group respectively ( P ＞ 0.05), but the running time, total time and service radius of the sudden cardiac death group were more than those of the non-sudden cardiac death group, and the rescue time of the former was less than that of the latter respectively ( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.001 ). (2)The patients' amount in pre-hospital medical care group, the non-death group, the death group, the non-sudden cardiac death group and the sudden cardiac death group were at most in first quarter, and the least time slice of patients' amount were 4:00～ 6:00, 4:00～6:00, 4:00～ 6:00, 22:00～ 24:00, 2:00～4:00 respectively, and the most time slice of patients' amount were 20:00～ 22:00, 20:00～22:00, 8:00～ 10:00, 2:00 ～ 4:00, 8:00 ～ 10:00 respectively. (3)In 241 876 cases of pre-hospital medical care group, the patients' amount of trauma was at most, whose age grades was by far among21 ～50, and the others in sequence were nervous system, circulatory system, other group, digestive system, respiratory system and poisoning group respectively, whose age grades in nervous system, circulatory system and respiratory system was by far above 51, especially above 70. The patients' age grades in other group and digestive system had two climax age groups, which the one was 21 ～ 30, and the other was above 70. The patients' age grades in poisoning group was by far among 21 ～ 50, which the patients' amount of acute alcoholism was at the most. (4) In 12 568 cases of death group, the death amount of circulatory system, other group, respiratory system, nervous system and digestive system ranked at the lst,2nd,4th,5th 8th respectively, whose age grades was by far above 51, especially above 70,and the patients' amount of sudden cardiac death was at the most in the death amount of circulatory system. The death amount of trauma and poisoning group ranked at the 3rd, 6th respectively, whose age grades was by far among 21 ～ 50. (5)The total amount, the death amount and the sudden cardiac death amount of male patients were more than those of female patients. (6)The percentage of the death group to the pre-hospital medical care group was 5.20%, and the percentage of the sudden cardiac death group to the pre-hospital medical care group was 1.29%,and the percentage of the sudden cardiac death group to the death group was 24.87 %, and the percentage of the sudden cardiac death group to the circulatory system group was 67.33 %. Conclusions ( 1 )The trauma and the sudden cardiac death are the overriding reason of disease and the overriding reason of death in our large and medium-sized cities respectively. (2) It is very important to cut the death rate of the middle-old age patients by strengthening prevention and cure of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, discerning the critical illness early and improving the level of pre-hospital medical care. (3)It is a strong method to decrease the total amount and the death amount of the trauma, especially in traffic accident, by strengthening safety in production, observing traffic regulation and enhancing the legal awareness.     

Trends and challenges of emergency and acute care in Chinese mainland:2005–2017

BACKGROUND:Emergency medical service system(EMSS)is essential in providing acute care services for health conditions.However,trends of emergency and acute care in China haven’t been studied systematically.METHODS:Relevant literature was carefully reviewed,including original and review articles,letters,government reports,yearbooks,both in Chinese and in English.Data on the number of emergency visits,physicians and beds in emergency departments(EDs),and the workforce of prehospital emergency care were summarized and analyzed from China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbooks(2006–2018).RESULTS:Over the past decade,the number of ED visits tripled from 51.9 million to 166.5 million;and utilization of pre-hospital emergency care increased from 3.2 million to 6.8 million.In response to rapid increases in demand,the number of licensed emergency physicians raised from 20,058 to 59,409;the beds’number increased from 10,783 to 42,367.For pre-hospital emergency care,the volume of health workforce increased from 3,687 to 8,671,with a 109%increase in the number of physicians from 1,774 to 3,712.However,overcrowding,the long length of stay in EDs,poor work environment,and work exhaustion were still the critical challenges faced by China’s EMSS.CONCLUSIONS:The number of emergency visits has grown with continual capability enhancement during the past decade.However,overcrowding,the long length of stay in EDs,poor work environment,and work exhaustion still need to be solved by China’s EMSS.These fi ndings and comparison with the USA could offer experiences and lessons to EMSS development worldwide,especially for developing countries.     

Nursing Care at End-of-Life:An HIV Case Study

Introduction Historically,death was an acute event,often related to trauma or acute disease. With advances in medicine and health care,the course of dying has become,more often,a prolonged process marked with periods of crisis and stability(Forest,2004). During     

创伤性支气管破裂的诊断与治疗

Introduction Bronchial injuries are rare (1.0%-2.8% of all trauma cases) ,but potentially fatal.80% of patients died before getting medical attention.Blunt trauma may cause severe internal injury that goes unnoticed in the absence of external marks of violence.Initial adequate diagnosis is missed in up to 68% of cases, particularly in combination with the injuries of the other organs .An early correct diagnosis and prompt surgical management are mandatory to reduce both the mortality and the morbidity.     

无创正压通气对急性呼吸衰竭患者拔管后再插管率和预后影响的荟萃分析

Objective To evaluate the effects of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV)used after extubation on mortality and rate of reintubation in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF).Method Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science databases were searched to collect data from randomized controlled trials (RCT) of the relevant subject from January 1995 to May 2010. Meta analysis of data about NPPV on mortality and rate of reintubation in patients after extubation carried out by using the methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. Results Six RCTs included sample size of 381 NPPV and 379routine medical care. In total, the mortalities of patients in NPPV group and routine medical care group were 18.6% (62/334) vs. 21.6% (72/333), respectively, and the rates of reintubation of the two groups were 30.2% (115/381) vs. 33.5% (127/379), respectively. Compared with routine medical care, NPPV did not significantly reduce the mortality ( OR: 0.83, 95% CI =0.57 ～ 1.21 ,P =0.34) and rate of reintuation( OR: 0.83, 95% CI = 0.59 ～ 1.16, ( P = 0.27). When the analysis was focused to the four studies of them in which patients received NPPV as soon as extubation, the results were quite different. From these four studies, the mortalities of patients in NPPV group and routine medical care group were 12. 2% (22/181) vs.23.9% (44/184),(P=0.004), and the rate of reintubation of the two groups were 14.0% (32/228) vs.20.4% (47/230), (P =0.07). Compared with routine medical care, early application of NPPV to patients after extubation reduced the mortality. Conclusions This study suggests the favorable effects of early application of NPPV to patients after extubation on the mortality of acute respiratory failure.     

Nursing Care at End-of-Life： An HIV Case Study

Introduction Historically, death was an acute event, often related to trauma or acute disease. With advances in medicine and health care, the course of dying has become, more often, a prolonged process marked with periods of crisis and stability （Forest, 2004）. During this time, patients and families require increasing support and comfort in order to successfully cope with terminal illness. Nurses are in a unique position to assist patients and families in dealing with important issuessuch as communication, symptom management,     

单中心医疗机构20年肺栓塞发病的回顾性分析

Objective To evaluate the correlation of pulmonary embolism (PE) and original diseases by retrospectively analysis of the patients for 20 years in single medical center. Methods Five hundred and five patients with PE were admitted and treated in General Hospital of Chinese PLA from January 1989 to January 2009, and their clinical data were retrospectively reviewed to analyze the risk factors of PE and the correlations of PE with the original diseases. Results Of the 505 patients with PE in the past 20 years, the incidence of PE was increased year by year, especially it increased spectacularly after the year of 2004 [61.2% (309) vs. 38.8% (196)]. It was found to be most prevalent in patients of 41 - 60 years old. Its incidence in males was 1.52 folds higher than that of the females [60. 4% (305) vs. 39.6% (200)].Dyspnea, chest pain and hemoptysis were the initial symptoms in the PE patients. Among the 505 patients,40.0% of them complained dyspnea with chest pain and hemoptysis. Among them, dyspnea occurred in 100.0% of patients, hemoptysis in 52.1%, and chest pain in 40.0%. In 31.1% of the patients if was complicated with deep venous thrombosis (DVT), 19. 8% of them suffering from varicosity, 9. 5% of them had the history of surgery less than 30 days before, 22. 0% of them suffering from neoplasm, 3. 6% of them were accompanied with cerebrovascular disease within 4 days, 17.4% of them were accompanied with infection, 10. 1 % of them were accompanied with primary pulmonary hypertension, and 16. 8% of them were accompanied with heart diseases. Multivariate analysis showed that the history of surgery, DVT and neoplasm had significant correlation with the occurrence of PE [odds ratio (95% confidence interval), OR (95%CI) was 4.540 (2.186-9.443), 0.325 (0.155 -0.682), 2.610 (1.020-6.708), P＜0.05 or P＜ 0. 013, while oral contraception, primary pulmonary hypertension and cerebrovascular disease showed a less significant correlation with the occurrence of PE [OR (95%CI) was 0. 297 (0. 078 - 1. 126), 3. 210 (0. 855 -12. 110), 2. 939 (0. 862 - 10. 020), all P＞0. 05]. The age and infection did not show significant correlation with the occurrence of PE [OR (95%CI) was 1. 041 (0. 674 - 1. 607) and 0. 820 (0. 410 - 1. 665), both P＞0.05]. Conclusion The PE is difficult in diagnosis, but with increasing cognizance, the diagnostic rate of PE has been increased. Patients with history of surgical operation, DVT or neoplasm, who complain dyspnea without known cause, chest pain or hemoptysis, should be subjected to further examinations, as to confirm the diagnosis of PE, then the survival rate of the patients with PE may be elevated.     

Knowledge of radiation exposure associated with common trauma imaging modalities among orthopaedic surgeons,emergency medicine physicians,and general surgeons in the United States

BACKGROUND:Few contemporary studies have assessed physicians’ knowledge of radiation exposure associated with common imaging studies, especially in trauma care. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of physicians involved in caring for trauma patients regarding the effective radiation doses of musculoskeletal (MSK) imaging studies routinely utilized in the trauma setting.METHODS:An electronic survey was distributed to United States orthopaedic surgery, general surgery, and emerge...     

浙江省8家医院创伤患者死亡危险因素分析

目的 探讨导致创伤患者死亡的危险因素以及改进创伤急救的措施.方法 整理2009年全年浙江省8所医院急诊室首诊的创伤患者的病例资料,结合创伤急救的各个环节,挑选可能导致患者死亡的相关因素,通过单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析方法,得到导致创伤患者死亡的独立危险因素.结果 2009年浙江省8所医院共有3 659名患者纳入了本次研究,其中死亡226人,病死率为6.18%.单因素分析结果提示,年龄、创伤机制、ISS评分、GCS评分、专业现场急救、转送途中气管插管、转送途中清创止血、入院时低血压、昏迷、急诊室胸腔闭式引流、急诊手术、ICU内中心静脉压监测和ICU内机械通气的患者死亡相关.多因素Logistic回归分析提示,GCS评分、ISS评分、机械通气、入院时低血压、年龄是患者死亡的独立危险因素,有效的专业现场急救是保护因素.结论 患者的伤情严重程度和年龄是影响患者结局的重要因素.加强院前急救,早期稳定患者伤情以及合理使用ICU内监护设施有助于进一步降低创伤救治的病死率.

Abstract：

Objective To explore risk factors in the mortality of casualties and to find a way to improve trauma emergency service. Method The possible factors likely related to the mortality of casualties were taken into account based on each stage of trauma emergency so as to find the independent risk factors by using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results A total of 3 659 casualties were enrolled in this study.Of them, 226 casualties died and the mortality rate was 6.18%. Following factors were related to mortality after univariate analysis: age, cause of trauma, injury severity score, Glasgow come scale come on the scene, professional emergency treatment on the scene, intubation in the ambulance, debridement and hemostasis in the ambulance, low blood pressure at admission, closed drainage of pleural cavity, emergency operation, CVP monitoring in ICU and mechanical ventilation in ICU. After multivariate analysis, six factors were independently related to the mortality of casualties as follows: Glasgow coma scale, injury severity score, mechanical ventilation, blood pressure at admission, age and professional emergency treatment on the scene. Conclusions It has a great significance to investigate the risk factors of mortality for casualties. Severity of trauma and age were independently associated with the outcomes of trauma. Besides, improving prehospital care and stabilizing the trauma patients in early phase can further decrease the mortality.     

Factors associated with the clinical outcomes of adult cardiac and non-cardiac origin cardiac arrest in emergency departments: a nationwide retrospective cohort study from China

<正>Cardiac arrest (CA) is one of the most common causes of death.^[1-3]Despite extensive studies on the management of CA,the global survival rate in adults is only approximately 7%,and 30-day survival is even less than 2%in China.^[4]Some studies have shown that CA patients of cardiac and non-cardiac origin may differ in underlying diseases,clinical manifestations,and prognosis,which leads to differences in terms of the pathophysiological mechanism and treatment measure...     

武汉市江汉区2198例院前急救患者流行病学分析

目的：调查武汉市江汉区院前急救患者流行病学情况,探讨院前急救病例的特点。方法：对从武汉市急救中心系统数据库中导出的2008年度武汉市江汉区全部数据进行统计分析。结果：（1）院前急救患者总的调度时间、到达时间、现场时间分别为2.24±1.05（min）、16.41±7.82（min）、12.39±6.17（min）,急救半径为9.17±4.36（km）。其中院前死亡患者的调度时间、到达时间、现场时间分别为2.17±1.13（min）、15.86±8.17（min）和23.26±11.39（min）;急救半径为8.96±4.28（km）,院前心脏性猝死患者分别为2.26±1.08（min）、16.23±7.94（min）和22.97±10.48（min）;急救半径为9.25±4.13（km）。院前死亡及院前心脏性猝死患者到达现场时间明显长于未发生院前死亡的患者（P〈0.01）。（2）院前急救,包括院前死亡及院前心脏性猝死患者均以第1季度为最多。（3）在2 198次院前急救中,创伤类居首位,年龄以21~50岁青壮年段最多;其次分别是循环系统、神经系统、呼吸系统、消化系统等疾病。（4）创伤类的死亡位居首位;循环系统、神经系统、呼吸系统、消化系统类的死亡分别位居第2~5位,其中循环系统类的死亡中居首位的是心脏性猝死。（5）男性的院前急救例数、总死亡及院前心脏性猝死均明显高于女性。结论：（1）心脑血管病和呼吸系统疾病是中老年患者的院前急救的主要原因;（2）应重视创伤,尤其是交通意外伤发生及其死亡。     

我国八个大中城市院前急救流行病学调查分析

目的 调查我国大中城市院前急救患者流行病学情况,探讨院前急救病例特点.方法 从我国8个大中城市急救中心系统数据库中导出2008年度全部数据,就其有完整记录的资料进行统计分析.结果 (1)院前急救组调度时间、到达时间、现场时间、返回时间、出车总时间、急救半径分别为(2.16±1.10)min,(14.01±6.82)min,(12.12±5.96)min,(14.08±6.85)min,(42.34±20.21)min和(8.50±4.18)km,院前非死亡组分别为(2.19±1.13)min,(14.15±7.14)min,(11.60±6.72)min,(14.92±6.89)min,(41.86±19.53)min和(8.63±4.31)km,院前死亡组分别为(2.10±1.08)min,(13.68±7.14)min,(25.25±12.34)min,(13.75±6.48)min,(54.74±25.47)min和(7.86±3.91)km,院前非心脏性猝死组分别为(2.09±1.03)min,(13.58±6.78)min,(25.53±12.34)min,(13.60±6.54)min,(53.79±23.77)min和(7.67±3.86)km,院前心脏性猝死组分别为(2.12±1.02)min,(14.10±7.05)min,(24.79±12.08)min,(13.79±6.61)min,(54.80±25.36)min和(7.90±3.92)km.院前死亡组的调度时间、到达时间、返回时间、急救半径均明显小于院前非死亡组,前组的现场时间、出车总时间均明显大于后者(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).院前心脏性猝死组的调度时间、返回时间与院前非心脏性猝死组的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但前组的到达时间、出车总时间、急救半径均明显大于后组,而现场时间明显小于后组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).(2)院前急救组、院前非死亡组、院前死亡组、院前非心脏性猝死组、院前心脏性猝死组的病例数均以第一季度为最多,其最少时间段分别是4:00-6:00、4:00-6:00、4:00-6:00、22:00-24:00、2:00-4:00,其最多时间段分别是20:00-22:00、20:00-22:00、8:00-10:00、2:00-4:00、8:00-10:00.(3)在241 876例院前急救病例中,创伤类患者是院前急救中最多的,年龄以21～50岁青壮年最多;其余依次是神经系统、循环系统、其他、消化系统、呼吸系统、中毒类,且神经系统、循环系统、呼吸系统类均以51岁(尤其是70岁)以上的中老年最多;其他、消化系统类均有两个高峰年龄段,其一是21～30岁青年阶段,其二是70岁以上的老年;中毒类以21～50岁青壮年最多,其中急性酒精中毒是最常见的病因.(4)在12 568例院前死亡病例中,循环系统、其他、呼吸系统、神经系统、消化系统类的死亡分别居第一、二、四、五、八位,均以51岁(尤其是70岁)以上的中老年最多,其中心脏性猝死又是循环系统类的死亡中最多的;创伤、中毒类的死亡分别居第三、六位,均以21～50岁青壮年最多.(5)男性患者院前急救的数量、总死亡量及院前心脏性猝死均明显高于女性.(6)院前死亡患者占院前急救的5.20%,院前心脏性猝死占院前急救的1.29%,院前心脏性猝死占院前死亡的24.87%,院前心脏性猝死占循环系统类死亡的67.33%.结论 (1)创伤与心脏性猝死已分别成为我国大中城市最常见的院前急救和致死原因.(2)加强心脑血管病和呼吸系统疾病防治,提高中老年患者的常见急危重症早期识别与院前急救水平对降低死亡率有重要意义.(3)加强安全生产、遵守交通法规、强化法制意识将是降低创伤,尤其是交通意外伤发生及其死亡的有力于段.     

我国大中城市院前死亡患者流行病学调查分析——附12568例分析

目的：调查中国大中城市院前死亡患者流行病学情况,探讨院前死亡病例特点.方法：从中国8个大中城市急救中心系统数据库中导出2008年度全部死亡数据,对有完整记录的资料进行统计分析.结果：①12 568例院前死亡者调度时间、到达时间、现场时间、返回时间、总时间、急救半径分别为（2.10±1.08） min、（13.68±7.14） min、（25.25±12.34） min、（13.75±6.48） min、（54.74±25.47） min、（7.86±3.91） km;院前非心脏性猝死组分别为（2.09±1.03） min、（13.58±6.78） min、（25.53±12.34） min、（13.60±6.54） min、（53.79±23.77） min、（7.67±3.86） km,院前心脏性猝死组分别为（2.12±1.02） min、（14.10±7.05） min、（24.79±12.08） min、（13.79±6.61） min、（54.80±25.36） min、（7.90±3.92） km.院前非心脏性猝死组与院前心脏性猝死组到达时间、现场时间、出车总时间、急救半径比较差异均有统计学意义 （P〈0.05或0.01）.②院前死亡总体、院前非心脏性猝死组、院前心脏性猝死组的病例数月份及季节分布以2月份、第一季度为最多,日时间段分布以8：00～10：00为最多.③院前死亡患者中循环系统、其他、呼吸系统、神经系统、消化系统类的死亡数分别位居第一、二、四、五、八,均以51岁（尤其是70岁）以上的中老年阶段最多,其中循环系统类中心脏性猝死死亡最多;创伤、中毒类的死亡分别位居第三、六,均以21～50岁青壮年阶段最多.④男性院前死亡数及院前心脏性猝死数均明显多于女性.⑤院前心脏性猝死占循环系统类死亡的绝大部分（67.33%）,目击者现场心肺复苏（CPR）为4.46%,医护人员现场CPR成功率2.21%.结论：①心脏性猝死是中国大中城市最常见的院前死亡原因.②加强心脑血管疾病和呼吸系统疾病防治,提高中老年患者的常见急危重症早期识别与院前急救水平以及普及公众CPR对降低死亡有重要意义.③创伤致死是中国大中城市又一常见院前死因,加强安全生产、遵守交通法规、强化法制意识将是降低创伤,尤其是交通意外伤发生及其死亡的有力手段.     

院前急救指挥调度信息分析

目的：分析宜宾市院前急救指挥调度信息，旨在提高院前急救水平和指挥调度质量。方法：对2006年7月．2007年6月间宜宾市“120”指挥调度的群众呼救病种构成．日呼救高峰时段等资料进行分析。结果：全年受理的15917次群众呼救中，呼救病种的构成前四大类依次是：交通伤（32．76％）、除交通伤外的其它创伤（23．57％）、一般内科疾病（17．56％）、心脑血管病（9．75％）。日呼救高峰时段主要集中在18：00-24：00（31．36％）。全年呼救高峰期在1、2、5、8、10月。结论：宜宾市院前急救的主要病种是创伤（56．33％），应重视创伤的急救，提高院前急救水平。在呼救的高峰时期，要作好人员、物资准备，加强质量控制，提高指挥调度质量。     

我国大中城市院前心脏性猝死流行病学调查分析

目的调查我国大中城市院前心脏性猝死患者流行病学情况,探讨院前心脏性猝死病例特点。方法从我国8个大中城市急救中心系统数据库中导出2008年度全部死亡数据,就其有完整记录的资料进行统计分析。结果①院前心脏性猝死的调度时间、到达时间、现场时间、返回时间、总时间、急救半径分别为（2．12±1．02）min、（14．10±7．05）min、（24．79±12．08）min、（13．79±6．61）min、（54．80±25．36）min、7．90±3．92（km）;②院前心脏性猝死的病例数以第一季度为最多,且最多时间段是8：00～10：00,最少时间段是2：00～4：00;③男性院前心脏性猝死明显多于女性,但年龄明显小于女性;④院前心脏性猝死目击者CPR为4．48％,医护人员现场CPR成功率2．26％。结论①心脏性猝死已成为我国大中城市最常见的院前死亡原因;②加强心血管病防治,提高中老年患者的常见急危重症早期识别与院前急救水平以及普及公众CPR对降低死亡有重要意义。     

西宁市城东区1 471例院前急救患者流行病学分析

目的 调查西宁市城东区院前急救患者流行病学情况,探讨院前急救病例特点.方法 从青海省医疗紧急救援中心系统数据库中导出2008年度西宁市城东区全部数据进行统计分析.结果 ①院前急救患者的调度时间、到达时间、现场时间分别为(2.53±1.02)分钟、(9.15±4.38)分钟、(12.65±5.84)分钟,院前死亡患者分别为(2.45±1.03)分钟、(8.85±4.29)分钟、(27.31±12.62)分钟,院前心脏性猝死患者分别为(2.36±0.95)分钟、(9.47±4.53)分钟、(26.83±13.15)分钟,三者在调度时间、到达时间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但院前急救患者的现场时间明显少于院前死亡及院前心脏性猝死患者(P＜0.01).②院前急救、院前死亡及院前心脏性猝死患者分别以第四季度、第三季度、第三季度为最多.③在1 471例院前急救患者中,创伤类是院前急救中最多的,年龄以21～50岁青壮年阶段最多;其次是其他类;再次分别是神经系统、循环系统、呼吸系统、消化系统类,且均以51岁(尤其是70岁)以上的中老年阶段最多.④循环系统、神经系统、呼吸系统类的死亡分别位居第一、第二、第四,均以51岁(尤其是70岁)以上的中老年阶段最多,其中心脏性猝死又是循环系统类的死亡中最多的;创伤类的死亡位居第三,年龄以21～50岁青壮年阶段最多.⑤男性院前急救的数量、总死亡量及院前心脏性猝死均明显高于女性.结论 创伤和心脏性猝死分别以青壮年、中老年阶段为高发,并分别成为院前急救、院前死亡的最主要原因.     

东莞市镇区创伤院前死亡病例分析

目的:探讨严重创伤院前死亡病例的临床特点和高危因素。方法:回顾性分析本院2000～2005年创伤院前死亡患者285例的临床资料。结果:本组创伤院前主要致死原因是交通伤(73.3%),其次是坠落伤(12.6%);现场或送医院已经死亡214例(75.1%),途中死亡13例(4.6%),急诊科死亡58例(20.4%);91.2%的患者是多发伤;急救反应时间为15.3min。结论:尽快健全急救医疗服务体系(EMSS),努力提高急救人员对严重创伤的救治水平,普及全民的急救意识,可最大限度地降低创伤院前死亡率。     

品管圈在颅脑外伤院前急救质量管理中的运用效果分析

目的：探讨品管圈在颅脑外伤院前急救质量管理中的运用效果。方法选取2013年1~12月至本院急救的40例颅脑外伤患者(观察组)、2014年1~12月至本院急救的40例颅脑外伤患者(对照组)以及本院9名急救医护人员为研究对象。对照组：采用常规急救方式进行院前急救。观察组：采用品管圈进行院前急救。结果干预前患者死亡率、残疾率、植物生存率、痊愈率为17.50%、32.50%、10.00%、40.00%,干预后分别为2.50%、22.50%、0.00%、75.00%,干预后患者结局明显优于干预前( P<0.05)。干预前呼救至接受专业治疗的时间为(23.46±10.54)min,医院反应时间为(18.25±8.13)min,而干预后分别为(14.06±10.00)、(5.82±3.14) min,干预后呼救至接受专业治疗的时间、医院反应时间明显优于干预前(P<0.05)。结论品管圈能有效提升颅脑外伤院前急救质量,减少死亡率和致残率,缩短呼救至接受专业治疗的时间及医院反应时间,有助于提升预后。     

2036例院前急救患者的流行病学研究

目的 了解综合性医院院前急救患者的流行病学特点。方法回顾性分析2009年我院的院前急救患者的资料,对患者性别、就诊时间、疾病分类、转归等进行调查分析。结果2009年内院前急救患者2036例,男女比1．73：1;10～12月份为急救高峰月份;每天7：00—9：00,19：00—21：00为急救高峰时间;疾病分类中创伤占67．63％、严重创伤占8．74％、多发伤占3．49％、非多发伤占5．26％、非严重创伤占58．89％、内科疾病占23．62％、理化因素疾病5．45％、其他妇儿疾病占3．29％。多发伤是主要死因。结论分析本地区院前急救流行病学特点,有助于制定相应措施,合理配置院前急救资源,提高急危重患者院前急救成功率。可为提高院前急救质量与管理水平提供科学依据。     

院前急救的疾病分类及死因构成研究

目的 通过探讨院前急救的疾病分类和死因构成,达到提高院前急救的整体医疗护理水平.方法 对2006年重庆医科大学附属第一医院急诊科院前急救的相关数据进行统计分析.结果 2 060例院前急救病种分类依次为:交通伤412例(20.00%);意外伤342例(16.60%);心血管系统疾病311例(15.09%);脑血管系统疾病282例(13.69%);呼吸系统疾病179例(8.69%);急性中毒145例(7.04%);内分泌及代谢疾病137例(6.65%);消化系统疾病134例(6.50%).院前死亡病例占前5位的疾病分别是心血管疾病、脑血管疾病、交通伤、意外伤、呼吸系统疾病.结论 不断强化医务人员的业务知识和应急能力培训,使院前急救程序化、规范化,是提高院前急救整体医疗护理水平的关键.