MRI在乳腺癌新辅助化疗中的应用

乳腺癌新辅助化疗是指对乳腺癌患者先行全身化疗，再进行手术和（或）放疗的局部治疗；在局部治疗后继续完成拟订的化疗。新辅助化疗是局部晚期乳腺癌的标准治疗方案；对于某些可手术的乳腺癌患者，新辅助化疗也可作为术前治疗。近年来，核磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging，MRI）作为一种能评价新辅助化疗后肿瘤变化的临床检查手段，获得了越来越多的关注，关于MRI监测乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效的研究逐渐增多，并取得了相当的进展。     

磁共振成像联合超声检查对乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效的评估

目的 探讨磁共振成像(MRI)联合超声(US)检查在评估乳腺癌新辅助化疗(NAC)后完全病理缓解(pCR)中的临床价值.方法 回顾性收集2016年12月至2019年12月期间在青岛大学附属医院乳腺病诊疗中心完成了NAC后手术切除且符合纳入标准的原发性浸润性乳腺癌患者的MRI和MRI联合US检查评估NAC疗效的影像学资料...     

MRI在乳腺癌新辅助化疗中的地位

乳腺癌新辅助化疗(neoadjuvant chemotherapy,NAG)和辅助化疗具有相似的无病生存率及总生存率.对于需接受辅助化疗的早期乳腺癌患者,NAG是可供选择的治疗方案.在乳腺癌诊断方面,MRI灵敏度为85%～100%[1],对于浸润性导管癌则接近100%[2],而对浸润性小叶癌及导管原位癌则相对较低;特异度方面,文献报道的结果差异较大,为37%～100%[2].MRI在乳腺癌高危人群的筛查及隆胸术后女性乳腺检查这两方面的作用已得到广泛认同,但在NAG领域中MRI的作用有待进一步研究.     

常规超声联合声脉冲辐射力成像预测新辅助化疗对乳腺癌的效果

目的观察常规超声(US)联合声脉冲辐射力成像(ARFI)技术预测新辅助化疗(NAC)对乳腺癌效果的价值。方法对52例接受NAC的女性乳腺癌患者分别于化疗前1周内(T0)及4个周期化疗结束时(T4)行US及ARFI检查。疗程结束后手术切除肿瘤,获取病理学结果,以Miller-Payne(MP)病理反应分级为金标准,将MP3～5级患者归入组织学显著反应组(MHR组)、MP1～2级归入组织学非显著反应组(NMHR组);对比组间T0及T4时病灶最大径(D)、血流分级、弹性评分及平均剪切波速度(V_(mean)),计算最大径缩小率(ΔD)及V_(mean)缩小率(ΔV_(mean))。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析US、ARFI参数评估NAC疗效的效能。结果 30例MP3～5级(MHR组),22例MP1～2级(NMHR组)。T0时组间D、血流分级、弹性评分及SWV差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。T4时与MHR组相比,NMHR组残余病灶ΔD增加,血流分级0～1级比率增加、2～3级比率减少;弹性评分4～6分比率减少、1～3分比率增加,ΔV_(mean)增加(P均0.01)。US联合ARFI评估NAC疗效的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.95。结论 US、ARFI定量和定性参数均可预测NAC对于乳腺癌的疗效,二者联合预测效能较高。     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗后保乳手术研究进展

目的 探讨乳腺癌新辅助化疗后的肿瘤退缩模式、残留肿瘤的影像评估以及新辅助化疗后保乳手术的选择标准.方法 综述国内、外有关新辅助化疗后乳腺癌的临床、影像及病理研究的文献.结果 乳腺癌新辅助化疗可以提高保乳的可行性,新辅助化疗后肿瘤退缩模式及其相关因素尚不明确,MRI是目前新辅助化疗效果最准确的影像学评价方法,M.D.Anderson预后指数及美国国立癌症研究院确定的新辅助化疗后降期保乳标准有助于指导手术方式的选择.结论 新辅助化疗后的肿瘤退缩模式及其准确的影像评估是乳腺癌新辅助化疗后保乳手术选择及降低复发率的关键,也是将来的研究方向.     

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目的研究蒽环类联合紫杉类方案对三阴型乳腺癌进行新辅助化疗的疗效,应用动态增强磁共振成像(MRI)及组织病理学进行疗效评价。方法选择2008年1月至2011年12月北京大学第一医院乳腺疾病中心初始实施蒽环类联合紫杉类新辅助化疗并完成手术的三阴型乳腺癌病人为研究对象。疗效评价包括动态增强MRI临床评价及组织病理学评价。定义MRI评价包括临床完全缓解、临床部分缓解为临床评价有效,计算临床有效率;定义病理分级G3~G5为病理评价有效,计算病理有效率。结果共诊治1190例新发乳腺癌,其中三阴型乳腺癌129例(占10.8%),41例符合入组标准,新辅助治疗临床评价有效率为65.85%(27/41),病理评价有效率为85.37%(35/41),其中病理完全缓解率(pCR)为36.59%(15/41),新辅助治疗MRI评价与病理评价符合率为77.1%。结论蒽环类联合紫衫类方案是治疗三阴型乳腺癌的有效方法。动态增强MRI能准确评价三阴型乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效,并与病理评价相符合。     

MRI及B超对乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效评价的前瞻性研究

目的 观察B超及MRI在乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效评价中的作用.方法 对2007年7月至2008年7月接受新辅助化疗的85例原发性乳腺癌患者进行前瞻性研究,对比分析手术前新辅助化疗前、化疗2周期后、化疗4周期后患者的B超、MRI影像学资料,参照实体瘤疗效评价标准(RECIST)评价疗效,并与术后组织病理学检查进行比较.结果 人组患者共85例,均完成4周期新辅助化疗.MRI评估完全缓解(CR)者0例,部分缓解(PR)者56例,疾病稳定(SD)者27例,疾病进展(PD)者2例;B超评估CR者0例,PR者52例,sD者31例,PD者2例.MRI及B超对新辅助化疗后残余肿瘤检测的阳性预测值均为94.1%.其中新辅助化疗后残余肿瘤最大径线MRI测茸结果与病理镜下测量结果高度相关(r=0.783,P<0.05),B超对残余肿瘤测量结果与病理镜下测量结果中度相关(r=0.576,P<0.001).结论 MRI是乳腺癌新辅助化疗临床疗效评价的可靠方法,其准确性高于B超.     

MRI扩散加权成像表观扩散系数评估乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效的价值

目的： 探讨MRI扩散加权成像表观扩散系数（ADC）的变化在预测乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效中的价值。 方法： 回顾性分析2017年1月—2018年12月间收治的80例局部晚期乳腺癌患者临床资料。所有患者均行空芯针穿刺证实为乳腺癌并行新辅助化疗,在新辅助化疗第1周期前、手术前常规行乳腺MRI检查,记录新辅助治疗前与手术前肿瘤组织ADC值。分析肿瘤组织ADC值的变化（△ADC）与病理反应（MP分级）的关系,并通过ROC观察△ADC值判断新辅助化疗的效能。 结果： 全组患者中,新辅助化疗后病灶ADC值较化疗前增高（1.27×10-3 mm2/s vs. 0.98×10-3 mm2/s,P=0.000）;按类型分组分析显示,除三阴性乳腺癌ADC值化疗前后无统计学差异外（P>0.05）,其余类型的乳腺癌新辅助化疗后ADC值均较化疗前明显升高（均P<0.05）。组织学显著反应患者△ADC值明显大于组织学非显著反应患者（0.448×10-3 mm2/s vs. 0.209×10-3 mm2/s,P=0.004）。△ADC评价乳腺癌新辅助疗效的ROC曲线下面积为0.72,敏感度73.1%,特异度66.7%,当△ADC的截断值为0.239×10-3 mm2/s时,阳性预测值51.4%,阴性预测值83.7%,准确度68.8%。 结论： 在大多数乳腺癌中,ADC的变化对早期预测和评估新辅助化疗疗效有一定的价值。     

胸腺上皮肿瘤术前CT影像分期诊断可重复性的临床研究

目的分析胸腺上皮肿瘤的CT影像特点,探讨其用于术前分期诊断的可重复性。方法回顾性收集2010年4至7月上海交通大学附属胸科医院手术和病理确诊的30例胸腺上皮肿瘤患者的临床资料,参照国际胸腺肿瘤协作组织提议并倡导的胸腺肿瘤CT影像诊断标准分析,分析3位观察者之间CT影像用于描述肿瘤特征、评估术前肿瘤外侵范围的可重复性及与术后病理诊断的一致性。3位观察者中以职称为主任医师的主刀医师作为主要观察者,1名胸外科5年工作经历的主治医师及1名放射科10年工作经历的主治医师作为对照观察者。Kappa值为0~0.40时,提示诊断的一致性不好;0.41~0.75时,提示诊断的一致性较好;0.76~1.00时,提示诊断的一致性好。结果对于胸腺上皮肿瘤的基本影像特点,如肿瘤位置、轮廓、密度的判断,3位观察者的一致性较好(Kappa值为0.634~0.821);对肿瘤外形、强化形式、钙化的判断,主要观察者与另外两位观察者之间的一致性较好(Kappa值为0.4~0.626),而胸外科医师与放射科医师之间的诊断一致性较差(Kappa值为0.216~0.313);对于肿瘤侵犯纵隔脂肪和肺的判断,3位观察者诊断的一致性较差(Kappa值为0.104~0.585);对于肿瘤侵犯纵隔胸膜、心包、纵隔大血管以及膈神经的判断,3位观察者诊断的一致性较好(Kappa值为0.38~0.839)。3位观察者对肿瘤侵犯纵隔脂肪、胸膜的诊断与术后病理结果相比,一致性较差(Kappa值为0.203~0.493);主要观察者对肿瘤侵犯肺的诊断与术后病理结果相比,一致性较差(Kappa值为0.135),其余2位观察者的诊断结果一致性较好(Kappa值为0.366~0.712);3位观察者对肿瘤侵犯心包、纵隔大血管以及膈神经的诊断与术后病理结果相比,一致性较好(Kappa值为0.366~0.87)。结论 CT可用于描述胸腺上皮肿瘤的基本影像特征;在评估术前肿瘤外侵范围方面,CT影像学诊断的可重复性较好,并且与术后病理诊断的一致性较高,在肿瘤的术前分期诊断中具有重要价值。     

根据2013版肝脏影像报告与数据管理系统诊断肝脏病灶的一致性

目的观察根据2013版肝脏影像报告与数据管理系统[LI-RADS(v2013)]诊断肝细胞癌(HCC)发病高风险人群肝脏病灶的一致性。方法由2名医师(医师1、2)独立双盲阅读813例有HCC发病风险患者的1115个病灶的CT/MRI资料,分别采用LI-RADS(v2013)、LI-RADS(v2012,第1版)[即LI-RADS(v1.0)]进行诊断。分析医师间根据LI-RADS(v2013)评估病灶直径、主要影像学征象及分级诊断结果的一致性;以病理结果为金标准,比较根据LI-RADS(v2013)与LI-RADS(v1.0)进行诊断的结果差异。结果医师1、2评估病灶直径的组内相关系数(ICC)为0.998;评价动脉期高强化、门静脉期/延迟期低强化及包膜的Kappa系数分别为0.87、0.86、0.72;LI-RADS(v2013)分级诊断观察者内Kappa系数为0.85。2名医师协商后的最终分级诊断结果与金标准的Kappa系数为0.85;诊断阳性(LR3~5级)病灶的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值(PPV)及阴性预测值(NPV)分别为100%(757/757)、80.17%(287/358)、91.43%(757/828)及100%(287/287)。根据LI-RADS(v2013)、LI-RADS(v1.0)诊断阳性病灶差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论医师间评价LI-RADS(v2013)主要影像学征象及分级诊断结果的一致性均较好。     

乳腺癌组织Ki67表达与蒽环类联合紫杉类新辅助化疗效果的相关性

目的 探讨乳腺癌原发病灶肿瘤组织Ki67表达与葸环类联合紫杉类新辅助化疗疗效之间的相关性.方法 2008年1月至2009年6月共129例乳腺癌患者接受蒽环类联合紫杉类新辅助化疗,采用免疫组化方法前瞻性检测乳腺原发病灶粗针病理切片Ki67的表达水平,采用实体肿瘤疗效评价标准(RECIST 2000)及Miller-Payne病理学分级标准分别对新辅助化疗疗效进行MRI及病理学评价,并在此基础上进行临床疗效综合评价;探讨Ki67不同表达水平与疗效之间的相关性.结果 129例患者行新辅助化疗后经MRI评价87例(67.4%)有效,经组织病理学评价99例(76.7%)有效,经临床疗效综合评价110例有效(85.5%).Ki67表达≤10%组上述三种疗效评价方法的有效率分别为50.0%、62.5%及71.9%;Ki67表达>10%组则分别为73.2%、81.4%及89.7%;两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P值分别为0.020、0.030、0.010).经统计检验,Ki67的表达水平与临床综合疗效呈线性相关.结论 Ki67高表达的乳腺癌患者行蒽环类联合紫杉类新辅助化疗效果更好.     

Diffusion-weighted imaging in evaluating the response to neoadjuvant breast cancer treatment

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of diffusion imaging in the evaluation of response to neoadjuvant breast cancer treatment by correlating apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value changes with pathological response. From June 2007 to June 2009, all consecutive patients with histopathologically confirmed breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (including diffusion sequence) before and after neoadjuvant treatment. The ADC values obtained using two different methods of region of interest (ROI) placement before and after treatment were compared with MRI response (assessed using RECIST 1.1 criteria) and pathological response (assessed using Mandard's classification). Fifty-one women (mean age 48.41 years) were included in this study. Morphological MRI (RECIST classification) well evaluated the responder status after chemotherapy (TRG class; area-under-the-curve 0.865). Mean pretreatment ADC values obtained with the two different methods of ROI placement were 1.11 and 1.02 × 10(-3) mm(2) /seconds. Mean post-treatment ADC values were 1.40 and 1.35 × 10(-3) mm(2) /seconds, respectively. A significant inverse correlation between mean ADC increase and Mandard's classifications was observed for both the methods of ADC measurements. Diagnostic performance analysis revealed that the single ROI method has a superior diagnostic accuracy compared with the multiple ROIs method (accuracy: 82% versus 74%). The coupling of the diffusion imaging with the established morphological MRI provides superior evaluation of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment in breast cancer patients compared with morphological MRI alone. There is a potential in the future to optimize patient therapy on the basis of ADC value changes. Additional works are needed to determine whether these preliminary observed changes in tumor diffusion are a universal response to tumor cell death, and to more fully delineate the ability of ADC value changes in early recognizing responder from nonresponder patients.     

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??Exploration of the value of magnetic resonance imaging in early prediction of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer XIN Ling*, LIU Wen-qing, XU Ling, et al. *Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
Corresponding author: XU Ling, E-mail: xuling_en@126.com
Abstract Objective To explore the value of functional parameters changes in the early prediction of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods A total of 151 cases of breast cancer received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and subsequent surgery at Peking University First Hospital from January 2010 to December 2014 were studied retrospectively. Breast MRI examinations were underwent to define the clinical response to the treatment. The enrolled cases were divided into good response (GR) group and minor response (MR) group, and the relationship of MRI parameters changes(ΔD%??ΔADC%??ΔSmax% and ΔTIC) and therapy response was analyzed. A clinical response prediction model logit P based on combined functional parameters was established, and AUCs for therapeutic effect prediction were compared to evaluate prediction efficacy. Result Functional parameters changes (ΔADC%??ΔSmax%??
ΔTIC) after 2 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were significantly different between 2 groups??P<0.001??.The AUCs for response prediction of ΔD%??ΔADC%??ΔSmax% and ΔTIC were 0.600,0.820,0.807 and 0.786.The AUC for pathological prediction of logit P based on functional parameters was 0.898??95%CI 0.844 —0.953??. Conclusion There is predictive value of functional parameters changes (ΔADC%??ΔSmax% ??ΔTIC) after 2 cycles of neoadjuvant therapy for pathologic response.     

磁共振功能参数对乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效早期预测价值研究

目的 探索磁共振（MRI）功能成像对乳腺癌新辅助化疗（NAC）疗效的早期预测价值。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年12月北京大学第一医院乳腺疾病中心接受NAC的151例乳腺癌病人资料。根据NAC前后组织病理学疗效评价分为病理显效组（GR）与病理非显效组（MR）;分析两组病人在NAC 2周期后MRI肿瘤径线变化率（ΔD%）和功能成像参数表观扩散系数ADC值、最大线性斜率（Smax）的变化率（ΔADC%、ΔSmax%）以及时间-信号强度曲线（TIC）类型变化（ΔTIC）与组织病理学疗效评价的关系;绘制ΔD%、ΔADC%、ΔSmax%以及ΔTIC在2周期的变化与组织病理学疗效的曲线,计算ROC曲线下面积（AUC）。应用ΔADC%、ΔSmax%建立NAC 2周期后疗效预测模型logit P。结果 NAC 2周期前后2组ΔADC%、ΔSmax%以及ΔTIC差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。ΔD%、ΔADC%、ΔSmax%以及ΔTIC的AUC分别为0.600、0.820、0.807和0.786。logit P与组织病理学疗效的AUC为 0.898（95%CI 0.844～0.953）。结论 以2周期MRI功能参数变化为基础的早期疗效预测模型对NAC疗效具有预测价值。     

The role of breast MRI in newly diagnosed breast cancer: An evidence-based review

The utility of pre-operative MRI in patients with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer remains a topic of debate. Those who advocate for pre-treatment imaging contend that MRI may detect additional disease not otherwise appreciated on conventional imaging and may provide more accurate staging information to guide treatment. Additionally, it has been proposed that MRI can be utilized to assess extent of residual disease in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Conversely, those in opposition maintain that routine pre-operative MRI subjects patients to unnecessary ipsilateral mastectomies and prophylactic contralateral mastectomies with no difference in oncologic outcome. When stratified based on tumor biology and patient characteristics, the data suggests that pre-treatment MRI may be advantageous in certain subsets when compared to the general cohort of breast cancer patients. This review recapitulates the current literature on the impact of breast MRI on the surgical management and outcomes of newly diagnosed breast cancer.     

MRI Phenotype Is Associated With Response to Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage III Breast Cancer

Background: The preferred management for women with stage II or locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pathologic response to chemotherapy has been shown to be an excellent predictor of outcome. Surrogates that can predict pathologic response and outcome will fuel future changes in management. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrates that patients with LABC have distinct tumor patterns. We investigated whether or not these patterns predict response to therapy.Methods: Thirty-three women who received neoadjuvant doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy for 4 cycles and serial breast MRI scans before and after therapy were evaluated for this study. Response to therapy was measured by change in the longest diameter on the MRI.Results: Five distinct imaging patterns were identified: circumscribed mass, nodular tissue infiltration diffuse tissue infiltration, patchy enhancement, and septal spread. The likelihood of a partial or complete response as measured by change in longest diameter was 77%, 37.5%, 20%, and 25%, respectively.Conclusions: MRI affords three-dimensional characterization of tumors and has revealed distinct patterns of tumor presentation that predict response. A multisite trial is being planned to combine imaging and genetic information in an effort to better understand and predict response and, ultimately, to tailor therapy and direct the use of novel agents.     

Association between background parenchymal enhancement and tumor response in patients with breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy

PurposeTo analyze the relationships between background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) of the contralateral healthy breast and tumor response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in women with breast cancer.Materials and methodsA total of 228 women (mean age, 47.6 years ± 10 [SD]; range: 24–74 years) with invasive breast cancer who underwent NAC were included. All patients underwent breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after NAC and 127 patients underwent MRI before, during (after the 4th cycle of NAC) and after NAC. Quantitative semi-automated analysis of BPE of the contralateral healthy breast was performed. Enhancement level on baseline MRI (baseline BPE) and MRI after chemotherapy (final BPE), change in enhancement rate between baseline MRI and final MRI (total BPE change) and between baseline MRI and midline MRI (early BPE change) were recorded. Associations between BPE and tumor response, menopausal status, tumor phenotype, NAC type and tumor stage at diagnosis were searched for. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was defined as the absence of residual invasive cancer cells in the breast and ipsilateral lymph nodes.ResultsNo differences were found in baseline BPE, final BPE, early and total BPE changes between pCR and non-pCR groups. Early BPE change was higher in non-pCR group in patients with stages 3 and 4 breast cancers (P = 0.019) and in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative patients (P = 0.020).ConclusionEarly reduction of BPE in the contralateral breast during NAC may be an early predictor of loss of tumor response, showing potential as an imaging biomarker of treatment response, especially in women with stages 3 or 4 breast cancers and in HER2 – negative breast cancers.