羟基磷灰石义眼台植入89例

目的 观察羟基磷灰石眼座植入的临床效果。方法 75例羟基磷灰石义眼座Ⅰ期植入，14例Ⅱ期植入。随访3月一2年。结果89例眼睑及结膜均有不同程度水肿，1例羟基磷灰石义眼座暴露，不影响效果，没有处理。Ⅱ期植入2例出现下穹隆狭窄，经成形后恢复，89例义眼活动良好，配戴仿真义眼片后眼外观满意。结论 羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术式操作简单，美容效果佳。Ⅰ期较Ⅱ期植入义眼活动度及外观好，尽量行Ⅰ期植入。     

球形多孔羟基磷灰石义眼台植入术后结膜囊形态研究及义眼安装

目的探讨球形多孔羟基磷灰石义眼台植入术后结膜囊形态变化,以指导义眼安装。方法67例眼球摘除术患者同期植入直径18mm球形多孔羟基磷灰石义眼台,术后15天按常规方法制作并安装义眼片,用卡尺、直尺对义眼片各项值进行测量,间接反映术后结膜囊各项数值。结果义眼片各项测量值均较正常结膜囊数值小。结论分析术后结膜囊形态容积变化,为合理选择义眼台的大小和制作安装合适义眼片,提供一定的临床指导。     

巩膜花瓣状成形羟基磷灰石义眼台植入32例分析

目的 探讨巩膜花瓣状成形羟基磷灰石义眼台植入术的手术体会.方法 对32例行巩膜花瓣状成形羟基磷灰石义眼台植入术,随访3～18月,观察术后效果.结果 32例中1例结膜囊狭窄.均未发现义眼台暴露、脱出及感染等并发症.结论 巩膜花瓣状成形羟基磷灰石义眼台植入术术后并发症少,义眼台活动好,手术方便易行、疗效较可靠.     

改良的羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术的初步效果

目的:评价羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术的疗效.方法:对49例(49眼)眼内容物剜除术患者行Ⅰ期或Ⅱ期羟基磷灰石义眼座植入手术.结果:随5mo～4a的所有患者对外观及义眼活动度满意,无感染、结膜裂开和义眼座暴露等并发症.结论:改良的羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术具有操作简单,对组织损伤小,并发症少等优点,是一种可供选择的手术方式.     

巩膜花瓣状成形羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术疗效观察

目的 探讨巩膜花瓣状盛开有羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术的手术效果.方法 22例行有包裹无预置缝线的巩膜花瓣状成形HA植入术,随访3～17月,观察术后效果.结果 22例中术后1例结果菲薄,巩膜缝线外露,1月后重新缝合盘腊结腊治疗后愈合.1例结膜囊狭窄.未发生义眼座暴露、脱出及感染等并发症.结论 巩膜花瓣状成形羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术术后并发症少,义眼座活动好,手术方便易行、疗效较可靠.     

眼内容剜除术后羟基磷灰石义眼座Ⅱ期植入

目的:观察眼内容剜除术后羟基磷灰石义眼座Ⅱ期植入的修复效果.方法:对37例(37只眼)眼内容剜除术后患者采用自体巩膜包埋的羟基磷灰石义眼座眶内植入术,结果:术后1例出现高度眼睑肿胀及结膜水肿,30天后消退.3例结膜拆线后裂开,1例上睑下垂,2例上睑凹陷,经手术处理或保守治疗,随访2-24个月全部患者均获得良好的效果.结论:羟基磷灰石义眼座在Ⅱ期眼窝填充术中仍具有较好的临床疗效.     

不同术式羟基磷灰石义眼座植入的临床观察

目的观察不同术式的羟基磷灰石义眼座植入的效果及并发症。方法35例病例随机分为无包裹组19例和自体巩膜包裹组16例,通过不同手术方法植入羟基磷灰石义眼座。随访3m～18m。结果术后眼窝饱满度、义眼座活动度良好。主要并发症为结膜囊裂开,义眼座暴露,无包裹组暴露原因与全身营养不良有关,自体巩膜包裹组暴露原因与巩膜自溶有关。结论不同术式羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术后的并发症原因各不相同,提倡直接植入无包裹义眼座。     

羟基磷灰石义眼台植入的临床效果观察

目的 观察羟基磷灰石义眼台植入治疗严重眼外伤或眼球萎缩的效果。方法 对2003年1月开始在我院进行的58例羟基磷灰石植入术进行回顾性总结。结果 58例患者义眼台植入术后，取得了满意的效果。结论 采用适当的手术方法是手术成功的关键。     

Medpor义眼座植入术矫正眼窝凹陷畸形临床观察

目的探讨多孔聚乙烯义眼座(M edpor)植入矫正眼窝凹陷畸形手术效果。方法 55例(55只眼)包括眼球萎缩、眼球摘除术后、眼内容摘除术后及合并结膜囊狭窄的患者,随机植入M edpor义眼座或羟基磷灰石义眼座,随访观察术后义眼座暴露、感染等并发症情况,比较手术疗效。结果 Medpor义眼座与羟基磷灰石义眼座能取得相同的良好的治疗效果,但前者并发症更少。结论 Medpor义眼座植入术疗效可靠,Medpor具有良好的组织相容性,是矫正眼窝凹陷畸形的理想材料。     

改良式羟基磷灰石义眼座植入的临床观察

目的观察改良式羟基磷灰石义眼座植入的临床效果。方法21例眼内容摘除后行一期植入羟基磷灰石义眼座，巩膜花瓣样成形，义眼座植入巩膜壳内，前有双层巩膜壳包裹。结果术后所有病例随访6月～1年，术后上眶区饱满，与对侧眼相比无明显差异，切口一期愈合，义眼活动良好，矫正外形良好，未发现其他并发症。结论改良式羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术并发症少，疗效良好。     

Problems with the hydroxyapatite orbital implant: experience with 250 consecutive cases.

The coral derived hydroxyapatite sphere is a popular, integrated orbital implant designed to provide improved motility of the ocular prosthesis following enucleation. Although the implant has rapidly become widely used by ophthalmologists, little information is available regarding the problems of this technique in a large series of cases. Experience with 250 consecutive cases of hydroxyapatite orbital implant use was reviewed and the problems of the implants and their management investigated specifically. The reasons for enucleation included uveal melanoma (157 cases), retinoblastoma (70 cases), blind painful eye (22 cases), and intraocular medulloepithelioma (one case). Earlier treatment to the eye was performed before enucleation in 47 cases and included repair of ruptured globe (17 cases), plaque radiotherapy (18 cases), external beam radiotherapy (six cases), and others (six cases). During a mean of 23 months' follow up (range 6-40 months), there have been no recognisable cases of orbital haemorrhage related to the implant, and no cases of implant extrusion or implant migration. There was one case of presumed orbital infection (culture negative) that resolved with intravenous antibiotics and the implant was retained within the orbit. Other problems included conjunctival thinning in eight cases managed by observation and prosthesis adjustment, and conjunctival erosion in four cases managed by combinations of scleral patch graft, conjunctival flap, and prosthesis adjustment. The conjunctival erosion was caused by a poorly fitting prosthesis in three cases and wound dehiscence in one case. The problem rate in eyes receiving prior radiotherapy or surgery was not increased. The hydroxyapatite integrated orbital implant is a well tolerated motility implant without the high rate of extrusion and infection seen with other motility implants. The prosthesis fit may contribute to the tolerance of the implant.     

异体巩膜覆盖羟基磷灰石义眼台植入术临床观察

目的 研究异体巩膜覆盖羟基磷灰石义眼台植入术的疗效.方法 研究15例因各种原因致眼球功能丧失且影响外观患者,行眼球摘除后异体巩膜覆盖羟基膦灰石义眼台.随访至少3个月.结果 13例义眼台术后外观及义眼台活动良好.无感染,暴露,运动障碍,2例患者术后早期结膜裂开,眼台轻度暴露,药物保守治疗眼台未脱出,上皮最终均覆盖眼台,顺利植入义眼片.结论 异体巩膜覆盖羟基磷灰石义眼台植入术简便、有效、并发症少,适于临床推广.     

Amniotic membrane transplantation for conjunctival epithelization of exposed dermis-fat [corrected] graft

We report the use of amniotic membrane over dermis-fat graft to improve conjunctival epithelization when fat is exposed. A 38-year-old male with previous history of orbital implant extrusion managed with a dermis-fat graft, presented with exposed fat secondary to dermis retraction in its central area. This caused difficulty with the conjunctival growth. Eighteen days after the amniotic membrane graft placement, a complete conjunctival reepithelization and an appropriate ocular prosthesis adaptation were achieved. Therefore, the amniotic membrane graft is a useful method to improve conjunctival growth in cases of dermis-fat grafts with fat exposure and limited conjunctiva, are present.     

义眼座外露的原因分析

目的　了解义眼座植入术后义眼座外露的原因,为预防和治疗提供依据。方法　回顾性分析34 例义眼座植入术后义眼座外露的原因。结果　发现Ⅰ期(12 例)和Ⅱ期(22 例)发生外露的平均时间为术后38.6 个月和7.8 个月。所有患者或多或少均存在排异反应。处理得当者,排异反应就不表现,处理欠妥者,义眼座外露机会就增多。结论　义眼座外露的原因主要与排异反应、术中固定不良、术后处理不当、感染和磨擦等因素有关     

Role of Trichloroacetic Acid in Treating Posterior Conjunctival Cyst in an Anopthalmic Socket

Orbital cysts in anophthalmic socket are infrequent. Most of the cysts reported are anterior and the inability to retain a formerly well-fitted prosthesis is the most common symptom. We present a posterior conjunctival cyst developed after a dermo-fat graft reconstruction in an eviscerated socket. Eleven years after evisceration surgery due to irreparable ocular trauma an extrusion of the orbital implant occurred. Removal of the orbital implant and a socket reconstruction with dermis fat graft was done. Three years later, the patient again returned back to the treating ophthalmologist with complaint of an inability to retain the formerly well-fitted artificial prosthesis. A detailed ophthalmic examination failed to reveal any abnormality. The CT scan showed a posteriorly located conjunctival cyst in the right orbit. Tricholoroacetic acid (TCA) was injected intracystically into the conjunctival cyst. Ten months of follow-up did not show any recurrence of the conjunctival cyst and allowed complete tolerance of the prosthesis. This case report highlights the role of tricholoacetic acid in treating a posteriorly located conjunctival cyst in an anophthalmic socket.     

结膜囊成形术矫治无眼球性结膜囊狭窄

目的 评价几种结膜囊成形手术的疗效。方法 各种原因引起的结膜囊狭窄及闭锁87例分别用羊膜、皮肤、自体结膜岛状移植做结膜囊成形术行回顾性研究。结果 随访6-52月,无继发感染,75例治愈,能放置正常大小义眼片,外观满意,9例好转,能放置较小眼片,3例无效,重新手术。结论 对Ⅰ°、Ⅱ°结膜囊狭窄结膜缺损可用羊膜移植或自体结膜岛状移植,对Ⅲ°和结膜囊闭锁可用游离皮片移植,埋线法穹隆加深术能抵抗术后结膜囊收缩,眼座植入与结膜囊成形术可同期进行。     

羊膜包裹的羟基磷灰石义眼座植入

目的：观察羊膜包裹的羟基磷灰石义眼座植入的临床效果。方法：7例眼球摘除术后,以库存的人羊膜缝合包裹选定的合适直径的义眼座,后段覆盖羊膜多处开窗后将义眼座植入肌椎内,再通过义眼座前1／3处穿出4条缝线将4条直有肌椎内,再通过义眼座前1／3处穿出4条缝线将4条直肌缝合固定在义眼座上,然后分层缝合筋膜,结膜。结果：追踪观察8－39wk,除1例因局部放疗后眼结膜,筋膜萎缩,义眼座暴露,库存异体巩膜修补失败后,将义眼座取出外,其余6例外观饱满,义眼活动良好,结论：羊膜包裹的羟基磷灰石义眼座效果良好,羊膜可成为新的义眼座包裹物。     

Auricular cartilage versus donor sclera as a wrapping of hydroxyapatite orbital implants

AIM: To retrospectively compare postoperative outcomes after primary enucleation and placement of a hydroxyapatite(HA) implant without wrapping, wrapped with auricular cartilage or donor sclera. METHODS: Medical records of patients presented as intraocular tumor or severe ocular injury were identified from the electronic medical record system. Cases underwent enucleation and HA orbital implantation were enrolled in this study and were divided into 3 groups according to the wrapping material of HA implant. Cases with autogenous cartilage caps were enrolled in group A(n=11), with donor sclera caps in group B(n=12), and without any wrapping material in group C(n=9). Follow-ups were set at 1, 2 wk, 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo after surgery.RESULTS: Altogether 32 cases finished the followup and were enrolled in this study. Three cases(27.27%) in group A, 4 cases(33.33%) in group B, and 4 cases(44.44%) in group C developed one complication each after surgery. In group A, no HA exposure occurred, but conjunctival inclusion cyst occurred in one and severe conjunctive chemosis in two cases. In group B, one HA exposure occurred, conjunctive inclusion cysts occurred in one, severe conjunctive chemosis occurred in one, and conjunctival granuloma occurred in one case. In group C, one HA exposure occurred, severe conjunctive chemosis occurred in two cases, and conjunctival granuloma occurred in one case. The case of exposure of none-wrapped implant was noted in the first 6 mo after placement of the orbital implant. The case of exposure of donor sclerawrapped implant was noted at the 12 mo after placement of the orbital implant. Both exposure cases were treated successfully with conservative treatment.CONCLUSION: With low incidence of implant exposure and mild complications, auricular cartilage can be a good choice of alternative wrapping material of orbit implant with satisfied outcome.     

羟基磷灰石义眼座眶内植入139例分析

目的探讨带预置缝线的羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite，HA)义眼座直接植入眶内的手术效果。方法自1997年9月～2002年6月进行带预置缝线的HA义眼座直接植入眶内手术139例(139眼)，其中Ⅰ期眶内义眼座植入117眼，Ⅱ期眶内义眼座植入22眼。随访6～24月，平均11．8月。结果139眼术后出现轻微眼睑及球结膜水肿，4眼结膜切口裂开，经保守治疗自愈。2眼HA义眼座暴露，经修复后愈合。随访观察139眼义眼活动良好，眼窝饱满；Ⅰ期较Ⅱ期植入的义眼活动度大，外观更逼真。未发生义眼座脱出及感染等并发症。结论眼球摘除术后植入HA义眼座，提高了眼球运动效果和面部美观程度，效果较好。     

眼球摘除188例原因分析及义眼台植入的效果

目的对188例眼球摘除的原因进行分析，评价义眼台植入的效果。方法采用回顾性研究的方法，分析了眼球摘除的原因，并对眼球摘除的适应证及其并发症进行了讨论。结果眼球摘除的188例中，眼外伤93例，占49．47％；恶性肿瘤41例，占22．81％；失明伴眼痛、眼球萎缩及眼内炎等其他原因54例，占28．72％。其中义眼台植入76例，出现并发症者5例，包括2例结膜息肉，3例义眼台暴露。结论眼外伤是眼球摘除占首位的原因。眼球摘除后义眼台的及时植入，能改善外观，手术并发症少。