愈疡汤配合西药三联疗法清除幽门螺杆菌疗效观察

目的:观察中西药结合治疗消化性溃疡的疗效。方法:将70例幽门螺杆菌(Hp)相关性消化性溃疡患者随机分为中西药组36例、单纯西药组34例。单纯西药组采用奥美拉唑+阿莫西林+呋喃唑酮治疗;中西药组在单纯西药组用药上加用自拟中药愈疡汤。观察2组患者治疗前后胃镜、Hp及不适症状的变化。结果:中西药组在改善症状、溃疡愈合、Hp根除方面明显优于单纯西药组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05〉。结论:自拟中药愈疡汤配合西药三联疗法优于单纯西药治疗,是治疗Hp相关性消化性溃疡较为有效的途径。     

Experience of joint administration of neuromidin and ovestin for correcting cognitive disorders in females with hypoestrogenic syndrome

The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of combined administration of neuromidin and ovestin in low doses for pharmacocorrection of cognitive disorders in women after total ovariectomy. The obtained results are indicative of a pronounced efficacy of the proposed combined therapy for the pharmaco-correction of cognitive disorders as compared to the standard hormone replacement therapy in women with hypoestrogenic syndrome. This is confirmed by significant decrease of mental impairments on the conventional (Mattis dementia) clinical rating scale and in neuropsychological tests.     

三黄泻心汤加味联合标准三联根除Hp的疗效对比研究

目的观察三黄泻心汤加味组方(the Modified Sanhuangxiexin Decoction with Additional Herbs,MSAH)分别联合泮托拉唑+阿莫西林+克拉霉素对于根除幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)的疗效及相关症状改善情况,并与标准三联(泮托拉唑+阿莫西林+克拉霉素)、铋剂四联(铋剂+泮托拉唑+阿莫西林+克拉霉素)疗法进行比较。方法选取2015年10月至2016年2月于我科门诊就诊、行~(13)C呼气试验提示HP感染阳性并伴有相关消化不良症状,或胃镜提示慢性胃炎、胃溃疡的患者99例,按照随机数表法分为4组,分别给予标准三联(A组)、铋剂四联(B组)、泮托拉唑+MSAH(C组)、标准三联+MSAH(D组)4种不同的方案进行HP根除治疗,比较治疗结束后各组根除率及相关症状改善情况。结果 B组与D组的根除率高于A组和C组(P<0.05),而B组、D组根除率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。C组和D组的症状改善率明显高于A组和B组(P<0.05)。四组均无严重不良反应发生。结论 MSAH联合标准三联的根除率与铋剂四联相近,且临床症状改善率高,是一种较为理想的根除Hp方案。MSAH联合泮托拉唑亦可达到一定的根除效果,为对多种抗生素过敏又急需根除Hp的患者提供了新的治疗方案,同时可以延缓抗生素的耐药问题。     

Non-enzymatic pretreatment of nerve agent (soman) poisoning: a brief state-of-the-art review

The rapid onset of toxic signs following nerve agent intoxication and the apprehension that current therapy (atropine, oxime, diazepam) may not prevent brain damage, requires supportive pretreatment. Since the current pretreatment drug pyridostigmine fails in protecting brain-AChE, more effective pretreatment is necessary.A main focus of present-day pretreatment research is on bioscavengers, another is on centrally active reversible AChE-inhibitors combined with drugs showing anti-cholinergic, anti-glutamatergic, neuroprotective and non-sedating GABA-ergic activity. Strategies aimed at improving efficacy of pharmacological pretreatment will briefly be discussed. Galantamine, given as a pretreatment or stand-alone therapy, emerged as one of the best medical countermeasures against nerve agent poisoning in guinea pigs. Other preclinical studies demonstrated effective pretreatment consisting of physostigmine combined with procyclidine, scopolamine or bupropion (all single injections), against nerve agent poisoning in guinea pigs. A long sign-free pretreatment with physostigmine (Alzet pump), combined with single injection of procyclidine just before soman poisoning, enhanced the efficacy of a post-poisoning therapy consisting of 3 autoinjector equivalents of HI-6, atropine and diazepam, considerably.     

Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) for menopausal symptoms: A systematic review of its efficacy.

Since conventional hormone replacement therapy has fallen out of favour, alternatives are being sought by many women. These therapies include herbal preparations such as black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa). The purpose of this update of a previous systematic review is to evaluate the clinical evidence for or against the efficacy of black cohosh in alleviating menopausal symptoms. Five computerized databases (Medline, Embase, Amed, Phytobase and Cochrane Library) were searched to identify all clinical data that provided evidence on the efficacy of C. racemosa. Bibliographies of the articles thus located were scanned for further relevant publications. Only double blind, randomized, clinical trials (RCTs) were included in the evaluation of efficacy. No language restrictions were imposed. Trials were excluded if they did not focus on menopausal problems, they included women suffering medically induced menopause, they did not use black cohosh monopreparations, or they did not use placebo or a standard drug treatment for the control group. Six studies with a total of 1112 peri- and post-menopausal women met our inclusion criteria. The evidence from these RCTs does not consistently demonstrate an effect of black cohosh on menopausal symptoms; a beneficial effect of black cohosh on peri-menopausal women cannot be excluded. The efficacy of black cohosh as a treatment for menopausal symptoms is uncertain and further rigorous trials seem warranted.     

消遥丸与抗精神病药联合治疗女性精神分裂症的临床观察

目的：探讨消遥丸与抗精神病药联合治疗女性精神分裂症的临床疗效。方法：采用回顾性分析的方法,分析我院收治的女性精神分裂症患者的临床资料,依据治疗方式不同分为对照组（抗精神病药治疗组）35例和观察组（消遥丸与抗精神病药联合治疗组）50例。结果：观察组阳性和阴性症状评分均明显低于对照组,观察组临床治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,P〈0.05,差异均有统计学意义。结论：消遥丸与抗精神病药联合治疗女性精神分裂症临床疗效明显,预后良好,值得临床推广应用。     

The role of letrozole (Femara(R)) in breast cancer therapy: A clinical review

Letrozole is a third-generation aromatase inhibitor for use in postmenopausal women with hormonal-sensitive breast cancer. This drug was found to reduce or effectively shrink tumors in a significant number of such patients. It exhibits antitumor activity at a relatively low daily dose, and is highly potent and selective and well tolerated. Results from recent phase III clinical studies have confirmed the efficacy and the key role of this drug in the therapy of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Moreover, letrozole demonstrated higher activity and lower toxicity compared to tamoxifen in the first-line therapy of postmenopausal women affected with advanced breast cancer. However, it also represents a valid option in second-line therapy after tamoxifen failure. New data on this agent in adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment also suggest efficacy in the treatment of early breast cancer. This article reviews the clinical data on letrozole in all settings and its future potential in chemoprevention. (c) 2001 Prous Science. All rights reserved.     

Economic evaluation of norethisterone acetate/ethinylestradiol (FemHRT) for women with menopausal symptoms

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to assess the cost effectiveness of a continuous combined oral preparation of norethisterone (norethindrone) acetate and ethinylestradiol (NA/EE) [FemHRT] as both a first-line and second-line therapy for menopausal women. PERSPECTIVE: Third-party payer. METHODS: The cost effectiveness of NA/EE was assessed as both a first- and second-line therapy in comparison with conjugated equine oestrogen 0.625mg and medroxyprogesterone acetate 2.5mg (CEE/MPA) and no therapy. Analysis was conducted within a Markov model with states relating to the presence and absence of vaginal bleeding, menopausal symptoms and hip fracture. Analysis forecasted life expectancy, QALYs and lifetime costs for a 50-year-old menopausal woman. Compliance was modelled related to menopausal symptoms and vaginal bleeding. For the base-case analysis, it was assumed that compliant women would take therapy for up to 5 years. Sensitivity analysis assumed therapy was taken only for 1 year. RESULTS: Compared with both CEE/MPA and no therapy, NA/EE led to an increase in both costs and QALYs, both as a first- and second-line therapy. For first-line therapy, the incremental cost per QALY gained for NA/EE was $2200 Canadian dollars ($Can; 1999 values) [compared with no therapy] and was $Can20 300 (compared with CEE/MPA). For second-line therapy, the incremental cost per QALY gained for NA/EE was $Can900 (compared with no therapy) and was $Can16 400 (compared with CEE/MPA). Results were robust to most sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: NA/EE is a cost-effective therapy for women with menopausal symptoms both as a first-line and second-line therapy.     

Tamoxifen: a review of pharmacoeconomic and quality-of-life considerations for its use as adjuvant therapy in women with breast cancer

Extensive clinical experience, summarised in the recent overview of the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG), have confirmed that tamoxifen reduces the rate of both disease recurrence and mortality when administered as adjuvant therapy in women with early breast cancer. Tamoxifen is now established as the preferred adjuvant agent in postmenopausal women; in particular, patients with node-positive, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer have the most to gain from tamoxifen therapy. Data from a decision-analysis model indicated that tamoxifen monotherapy had a cost-utility ration {$US6000 per additional quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), in 1989 dollars} 5 to 6 times lower than that cited as the cost-acceptability cut-off point in the US. While tamoxifen monotherapy is effective in postmenopausal women, the EBCTCG overview findings indicate that a combined regimen of tamoxifen and antineoplastic chemotherapy has superior efficacy in the same patient group. An issue of current interest is whether the added benefit offered by such a regimen can be justified in terms of added toxicity and cost. Data from a decision-analysis model indicate that combined therapy has a high incremental cost-utility ratio ($US58 000 per additional QALY, in 1989 dollars) compared with no therapy in postmenopausal women. However, the quality-of-life measures TWiST (Time Without Symptoms and Toxicity) and Q-TWiST (quality-adjusted TWiST) indicate that the early toxicity associated with a combined regimen appears to be justified given the superior long term benefits. Patient preference data from 1 study further indicate that the degree of benefit offered by a combined regimen would be acceptable to the majority (73%) of patients. Other areas where pharmacoeconomic analyses may help define more closely the optimal use of adjuvant tamoxifen is in patients at low risk of developing metastatic disease and in determining the optimal duration of therapy. Both areas require further clinical data. In conclusion, tamoxifen adjuvant monotherapy has a low cost-utility ratio in postmenopausal women with node-positive, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Combined therapy in the same patient group has a high cost-utility ratio compared with no therapy but quality-of-life and patient preference data suggest that the costs may be justified. Firm conclusions relating to the use of the drug in other patient subgroups and the optimal duration of therapy await further research.     

孟鲁司特钠联合双歧杆菌四联活菌治疗小儿过敏性紫癜的临床疗效

目的 分析孟鲁司特钠联合双歧杆菌四联活菌治疗小儿过敏性紫癜的临床疗效.方法 选取就诊的90例过敏性紫癜患儿,按数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组45例.对照组采用常规的临床治疗方案,观察组在常规治疗的基础上加服孟鲁司特钠及双歧杆菌四联活菌治疗,持续用药至出院后2个月.结果 观察组患儿治疗总有效率、临床症状消失时间以及实验室检查结果、复发率明显优于对照组(P<0.05).结论 孟鲁司特钠联合双歧杆菌四联活菌能够缩短小儿过敏性紫癜的治疗时间,对于减轻临床症状,减少疾病的复发有很好的效果.     

Interactions between oral contraceptives and antifungals/antibacterials. Is contraceptive failure the result?

The effectiveness of oral contraceptives may be impaired by concomitant treatment with antimicrobials. This may occur because of reductions in plasma concentrations of ethinylestradiol by the induction of hepatic metabolism, as for rifampicin (rifampin) and possibly griseofulvin, or in a small percentage of women because of interference with enterohepatic recirculation. There are no scientific data to support the anecdotal evidence that the concomitant use of combined oral contraceptives and antimicrobials reduces contraceptive efficacy in the majority of women. It has been postulated that there is a subset of women in whom the enterohepatic recirculation of ethinylestradiol plays an important role. In these women the action of an antimicrobial may reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives by interfering with this mechanism. Studies that have quantitatively examined these effects may have failed to include women from this subset because of the small numbers involved in the studies. On the other hand, there are no good prospective studies comparing contraceptive failure rates between compliant women who use combined oral contraceptives with and without antimicrobials. All women using combined oral contraceptives should be informed of the very low level of risk of interactions with antimicrobials (probably about 1%) and that it is not possible to identify who may be at risk. Women concerned about this low level of risk should be given information about the use of barrier methods or avoidance of intercourse during the first 7 days of concomitant antimicrobial therapy and for 7 subsequent days. Women who have had previous contraceptive failures or developed breakthrough bleeding during concomitant antimicrobial use should be strongly advised to follow these precautions, as they may be part of the subset of women at higher risk of contraceptive failure.     

超声波加疤痕止痒软化膏治疗烧伤瘢痕瘙痒疗效观察

目的比较超声波与疤痕止痒软化膏联合应用治疗烧伤瘢痕瘙痒与单用超声波和单用的疤痕止痒软化膏疗效,了解联合治疗效果,指导临床治疗。方法将创面瘙痒的烧伤患者随机分为三组,超声波加疤痕止痒软化膏(A组)、疤痕止痒软化膏组(B组)和超声波组(C组),30d为一个疗程。结果超声波加疤痕止痒软化膏治疗效果与其他两组比较差异有统计学意义(P相似文献   

二甲双胍联合克罗米酚治疗多囊卵巢综合征的临床效果观察

目的 观察二甲双胍联合克罗米酚治疗多囊卵巢综合征的临床效果.方法 对我院收治的104例多囊卵巢综合症患者在均行常规促排卵治疗的基础上,进行平均随机分组,观察组52例,采用二甲双弧联合克罗米酚治疗;对照组52例,单纯使用二甲双胍治疗.两组在治疗前后测定双侧卵巢体积、血糖变化,空腹胰岛素、卵泡促激素、黄体生成素、睾酮水平等指标并进行对比.结果 两组患者治疗前后卵巢体积均有一定程度的缩小,BMI、空腹胰岛素、LH、T水平均有下降.结论 二甲双胍联合克罗米酚治疗PCOS,可有效降低患者BMI和激素水平,改善内分泌状态,促进排卵,是临床治疗该病的有效选择.     

奥曲肽联合三七总皂苷在急性胰腺炎综合治疗中的疗效观察

目的观察奥曲肽联合三七总皂苷在急性胰腺炎综合治疗中的疗效。方法将70例急性胰腺炎患者随机分为三组,综合治疗组20例,综合治疗+奥曲肽组24例,综合治疗+奥曲肽+三七总皂苷组26例。观察患者治疗后腹痛缓解时间,血淀粉酶,C反应蛋白(CRP)变化,并发症及住院天数等指标。结果综合治疗+奥曲肽+三七总皂苷组在血CRP、腹部症状体征的控制及住院时间方面显著优于综合治疗+奥曲肽组或综合治疗组。综合治疗+奥曲肽+三七总皂苷组在并发症控制方面显著优于综合治疗组,但与综合治疗+奥曲肽组比较差异无显著性。三组血淀粉酶水平变化方面差异无显著性。结论奥曲肽联合三七总皂苷在急性胰腺炎的综合治疗中可发挥协同作用,疗效优于单用奥曲肽。     

雌激素联合手术治疗对绝经后女性盆底功能障碍盆底肌力和尿流动力学指标的影响

目的观察雌激素联合手术治疗对绝经后女性盆底功能障碍的治疗效果。方法将120例绝经后女性盆底功能障碍患者分为雌激素治疗组、手术治疗组、雌激素联合手术治疗组,分别观察各组治疗前后盆底肌力变化,并进行尿流动力学检查。结果雌激素组与雌激素联合手术组治疗后盆底肌力增加;三组尿流动力学指标明显改善,且雌激素联合手术治疗组优于雌激素治疗组及手术治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论雌激素联合手术治疗绝经后女性盆底功能障碍疗效显著。     

射频联合紫衫醇＋卡铂方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的：观察多极射频消融（RFA）联合紫衫醇＋卡铂方案（PC）治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的临床效果。方法：30例晚期NSCLC（Ⅲ、Ⅳ期）采用RFA联合PC方案治疗,并与28例单纯PC方案化疗进行比较。结果：以疗效、生活质量评分及生存时间等指标评价,RFA联合PC方案治疗组明显优于单纯PC方案化疗组,疗效差异有显著意义,P〈0.01。结论：RFA联合PC方案化疗明显提高晚期NSCLC治疗效果,可作为晚期NSCLC的综合治疗方法。     

Colfosceril palmitate. A pharmacoeconomic evaluation of a synthetic surfactant preparation (Exosurf Neonatal) in infants with respiratory distress syndrome

Comprehensive clinical data provide strong evidence of the efficacy of the synthetic lung surfactant colfosceril palmitate (Exosurf Neonatal) administered as prophylaxis or rescue therapy in infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The use of rescue therapy with colfosceril palmitate is further supported by cost-effectiveness analyses which report a 9 to 48% reduction in the cost per survivor compared with placebo or historical controls, despite divergent study methodology and location. Importantly, the savings were evident in both larger (> or = 1250g) and smaller (700 to 1350g) infants. All studies considered costs or charges accrued during initial hospitalisation through to 1 year; measurement of long term resource use data and all resulting costs are required for a more complete pharmacoeconomic evaluation. The optimal timing of surfactant administration is likely to be an important economic issue given that efficacy data from a large international trial support earlier administration of colfosceril palmitate versus delayed therapy in high risk patients. Further economic benefits may be realised by the sequential use of antenatal corticosteroids and surfactant therapy, although this has yet to be prospectively investigated. In conclusion, clinical and pharmacoeconomic data strongly support the use of rescue therapy with colfosceril palmitate. Additionally, recent clinical data indicating that even better results may be achieved with earlier administration and/or combined use with antenatal corticosteroids should be assessed from an economic standpoint to determine the optimal prescribing strategy for this agent.     

Efficacy of trebananib (AMG 386) in treating epithelial ovarian cancer

Introduction: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death among gynecologic cancers. The majority of women are diagnosed with advanced stage disease. It is considered a chemosensitive cancer with a high initial response rate to first-line platinum and taxane-based chemotherapy. However, most patients with advanced EOC will relapse with subsequent resistance to conventional chemotherapy and ultimately succumb to their disease. Therefore, new therapeutic agents and strategies are desperately needed to improve the outcomes in patients with advanced EOC.

Areas covered: This review focuses on the use of Trebananib (a non-VEGF-dependent angiogenesis pathway inhibitor) in EOC. Angiogenesis has been recognized as an important process promoting EOC growth and metastasis. Targeting angiogenesis in EOC have been developed and studied with demonstrated clinical efficacy. Bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, that targets vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), has been the most well evaluated molecular targeted therapy in the treatment of advanced and recurrent EOC with proven clinical efficacy. However, VEGF-dependent angiogenesis pathway inhibitors are often associated with serious toxicities and drug resistance ultimately develops. Hence, new therapeutic approach targeting the angiopoietin-Tie-2 complex pathway (a non-VEGF-dependent angiogenesis pathway) has gained interest over the past few years as an alternative strategy to overcome VEGF-dependent anti-angiogenesis-related toxicity and resistance.

Expert opinion: Targeting angiopoietin-Tie-2 pathway represents a promising alternative approach to tumor anti-angiogenesis with a distinct toxicity profile from the VEGF-dependent pathway inhibitors. However, there are still many questions to be answered regarding the optimal treatment schedules, maintenance regimens, duration of maintenance therapy, and the best combination strategy.

Currently there is no reliable surrogate molecular, cellular, or genetic marker that would definitively predict response to anti-angiogenic therapy. Identification of certain relevant and predictive biomarkers in the future may optimize treatment’s efficacy by distinguishing the subset group of patients with EOC that would derive the most benefit from existing antiangiogenic treatment regimens.     

Efficacy of miocamycin in the therapy of non-specific genital infections (NSGI): non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) and acute urethral syndrome (AUS)

The therapeutic efficacy of miocamycin against Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia trachomatis was the object of this study. Two different groups of patients were included in the trial: 40 males and 20 females affected by NGU and AUS respectively. All the patients positive for chlamydiae and/or ureaplasmas received 1200 mg/die of miocamycin for 12 days; a microbiological examination was performed 5 days from the end of the therapy. The therapy with miocamycin caused the resolution of both symptoms and microorganisms present. The use of miocamycin in current therapy could be favourable.     

Everolimus: targeted therapy on the horizon for the treatment of breast cancer

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a signaling kinase of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (also known as Akt) signaling pathway that mediates cell growth and metabolism. Dysregulation of the mTOR pathway creates a favorable environment for the development and progression of many cancers, including breast cancer, and is associated with the development of resistance to endocrine therapy and to the anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) monoclonal antibody trastuzumab. Therefore, the addition of mTOR inhibitors to conventional breast cancer therapy has the potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy and/or overcome innate or acquired resistance. Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor with demonstrated preclinical activity against breast cancer cell lines, has been shown to reverse Akt-induced resistance to hormonal therapy and trastuzumab. Phase I-II clinical trials have demonstrated that everolimus has promising clinical activity in women with HER2-positive, HER2-negative, and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer when combined with HER2-targeted therapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy, respectively. Everolimus is generally well tolerated; hematologic abnormalities and stomatitis are most common adverse events when this drug is combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Based on these promising results, everolimus is currently under evaluation in a series of phase III Breast Cancer Trials of Oral Everolimus (BOLERO) trials of women with HER2-positive and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Results of these trials will help to establish the role of everolimus in the treatment of clinically important breast cancer subtypes.