胆石性肠梗阻的CT诊断

目的探讨CT对胆石性肠梗阻的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析8例经手术证实的胆石性肠梗阻患者的CT检查资料。所有病例均有胆囊结石、胆囊炎病史1～10年,并经B超和临床证实,其中5例有明确胆囊炎反复发作病史。发病时患者出现持续性中上腹痛,腹胀,恶心,呕吐,3例患者出现停止肛门排气排便典型肠梗阻症状,5例患者表现为不全性肠梗阻症状。结果所有病例CT图像上均可见胆囊窝结构紊乱,邻近胃窦或十二指肠降段壁增厚,胆囊空虚,胆囊及肝内胆管积气。1例胆石位于十二指肠降段;4例结石位于空肠段,其中2例结石位于屈氏韧带处;另3例结石位于回肠末段。结石呈圆形或椭圆形,直径2．7～5．0cm,梗阻以上肠管扩张,积气积液明显,可见液平面。3例完全性梗阻病例梗阻以下肠管空虚,5例不全梗阻病例梗阻以下肠管内仍可见少量气体及液体,结肠内可见粪便气体混合影。8例均在术前经CT得到正确诊断,准确率为100％。结论CT对胆石性肠梗阻的诊断准确性高。凡65岁以上老年人出现间歇性不完全性机械性肠梗阻,特别是既往有胆道病史而无腹部手术史者,应考虑胆石性肠梗阻的可能,应行CT检查明确诊断。     

X线及CT联合应用对胆石性肠梗阻的诊断价值

目的：探讨X线及CT联合应用对胆石性肠梗的阻诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析10例胆石性肠梗阻患者的X线及CT表现。结果：10例患者中2例胆结石位于十二指肠,4例胆结石位于空肠,3例胆结石位于回肠,1例胆结石位于横结肠,结石直径2．5～6．5cn2,平均3．5cm;4例出现胆囊一十二指肠瘘,1例出现胆囊一结肠瘘,1例出现胆囊一十二指肠一结肠复合瘘,瘘口平均直径约1．5cm,其影像学表现包括肠管扩张积气积液、梗阻段肠腔内环形高密度结石影、胆囊积气及消化道造影剂外漏。结论：X线及CT联合应用可明确诊断胆石性肠梗阻,为临床治疗提供重要信息。     

CT平扫对Bouveret综合征的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT平扫对Bouveret综合征的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析7例经手术证实的Bouveret综合征患者的CT表现及临床资料。结果 7例CT平扫均见肠腔内异位结石,结石上方肠梗阻,梗阻以下肠管空虚;胆道及胆囊积气2例,胆囊窝结构紊乱伴积气5例。结石位于空肠1例,位于回肠6例。1例随访可见胆石梗阻部位移动。结石呈圆形或类圆形,直径3～5 cm,高密度阳性结石4例,低密度阴性结石3例。7例术前CT平扫确诊为Bouveret综合征,准确率为100%。结论单纯CT平扫能对Bouveret综合征进行确诊,"肠袢扩张、胆系积气、异位结石"为Bouveret综合征三大重要的CT平扫表现。     

胆囊十二指肠内瘘伴胆石性肠梗阻的CT诊断价值分析

目的:评价螺旋CT对胆囊-十二指肠内瘘伴胆石性肠梗阻的诊断价值。方法:对8例经手术证实为胆囊-十二指肠内瘘伴胆石性肠梗阻的螺旋CT表现及重建技术进行回顾性分析。结果:8例患者中,2例胆石位于十二指肠降段;2例位于空肠;1例位于空回肠交界处;另外3例位于回肠内。胆石短径为(4.70±1.20)cm,长径为(6.09±1.90)cm。胆囊-十二指肠内瘘伴胆石性肠梗阻的CT直接征象主要有瘘口的显示以及胆石位于梗阻段肠腔内;间接征象主要有胆囊及胆道积气;胆囊塌陷及胆囊与十二指肠分界模糊、结构紊乱;肠梗阻。以上两种直接征象若同时存在即可作出诊断,如一种直接征象同时伴有两种或两种以上间接征象亦可作出诊断。结论:胆囊-十二指肠内瘘伴胆石性肠梗阻具有典型的CT表现,螺旋CT能够对其作出明确诊断。     

胆石性肠梗阻的影像诊断

目的研究胆石性肠梗阻影像表现及其诊断价值.方法回顾性分析15例经临床证实的胆石性肠梗阻患者的影像表现及其诊断价值.结果所有病例CT表现均见肠梗阻征象、肠腔内迷走结石（异位结石）及胆囊、胆系积气,2例显示腹腔游离积液,除1例胆囊切除者外另14例均见胆囊变形,胆囊与十二指肠分界不清,4例可见明确显示胆肠瘘.5例同时进行了腹部立卧位X线平片检查,其中1例碘水造影显示机械性肠梗阻、肠腔内充盈缺损、胆肠瘘,1例显示胆管积气,3例显示肠梗阻征象,2例未见异常.7例同时进行了腹部超声检查,均提示胆囊异常,其中3例显示胆系积气.结论胆石性肠梗阻有典型的CT表现,CT是胆石性肠梗阻最佳诊断方法,X线平片及超声可以作为筛查手段.     

多层螺旋CT在胆石性肠梗阻诊断中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT在胆石性肠梗阻诊断中的价值.方法 回顾分析15例经手术证实的胆石性肠梗阻病例的临床及影像资料.15例均行全腹部CT平扫、X线腹部平片和腹部超声检查.结果 多层螺旋CT显示肠梗阻共15例,不完全性小肠梗阻12例,完全性肠梗阻3例;异位结石15例,其中9例位于回肠,4例位于空肠, 1例于胆囊内及回肠内均可见结石,1例于胆囊-十二指肠瘘口及回肠内各见一结石;胆囊积气15例,胆道积气13例;胆囊窝结构紊乱15例,其中6例MPR图像清晰显示胆囊-十二指肠瘘.多层螺旋CT的诊断准确率可达100%.结论 多层螺旋CT在胆石性肠梗阻的定位和定性诊断中具有重要价值,为手术方案的制订提供影像学信息.     

螺旋CT在小肠梗阻诊断中的价值

目的:探讨螺旋CT在小肠梗阻诊断中的价值。方法:对64例小肠梗阻患者肌注低张剂、口服对比剂后行螺旋CT平扫和增强扫描,并与手术病理结果对照。结果:机械性小肠梗阻59例(其中肠肿瘤17例,炎性病变7例,腹外疝8例,腹内疝5例,肠粘连8例,腹茧症5例,胆石3例,肠套叠3例,肠扭转2例,粪块1例),CT诊断正确55例,诊断符合率93%。麻痹性肠梗阻5例,CT诊断正确3例,诊断符合率为60%。8例绞窄性肠梗阻,7例CT诊断正确,诊断符合率88%。结论:CT判断小肠梗阻的有无以及明确梗阻的部位、原因、程度和肠管缺血具有较高的准确性,是诊断小肠梗阻的可靠方法。     

肠石性小肠梗阻的CT诊断

目的分析肠石性小肠梗阻的特征性CT表现,评估CT对肠石性肠梗阻的诊断价值。资料与方法对21例手术或临床证实的肠石性小肠梗阻CT表现进行回顾性分析,由2位主治医生盲法对21例患者以及其他17例粘连性肠梗阻图像共同作出诊断。结果 16例胃石性肠梗阻均在梗阻移行处肠腔内见边界清楚的含气致密团块,10例见周边硬化缘,8例伴周围肠壁局部增厚,4例伴胃石,2例伴近端小肠扭转。胆石性肠梗阻5例,异位结石表现为环状钙化或完全钙化影,4例伴有胆囊形态异常及胆道积气。21例肠石性肠梗阻中17例诊断正确,CT对肠石性肠梗阻诊断阳性预测值为100%,阴性预测值为81.0%,敏感性为81.0%,特异性为100%,准确性为89.5%。结论 CT能明确显示肠石性小肠梗阻的特征表现,是诊断肠石性小肠梗阻的可靠手段。     

多层螺旋CT对老年肠梗阻诊断的价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对老年肠梗阻的诊断价值.方法:对36例老年肠梗阻患者MSCT表现进行分析,其中30例行手术治疗,6例保守治疗.结果:MSCT准确显示肠梗阻的病例为100%.30例手术治疗患者中,28例手术结果与MSCT表现相符,包括肠道肿瘤15例,粘连性肠梗阻6例,腹外疝2例,胆石性肠梗阻2例,炎性作用引起的肠梗阻3例.结论:MSCT对老年肠梗阻的程度、梗阻部位及梗阻原因的诊断有重大意义,可作为肠梗阻的首选检查方法.     

超声对胆石性肠梗阻的诊断价值

目的探讨胆石性肠梗阻的超声表现及诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析11例经手术病理证实的胆石性肠梗阻患者的临床资料与超声表现,并与X线平片、CT结果进行比较。结果 11例超声均显示肠腔内异位结石和肠梗阻征象,9例有胆道系统积气,8例可见胆囊变形、轮廓模糊,5例可见胆肠瘘直接征象,7例有少量腹水,5例可见局部肠壁增厚。结论超声检查胆石性肠梗阻有典型征象,对定位和定性诊断具有重要价值,可作为首选检查方法为临床选择治疗方案提供影像依据。     

Atypical cases of gallstone ileus evaluated with multidetector computed tomography

OBJECTIVE: To describe the multidetector computed tomography (CT) findings in 3 patients with atypical gallstone ileus. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated computed radiography and CT images from three cases of surgically proven gallstone ileus. Two radiologists evaluated by consensus all images for the presence of ectopic gallstone, small bowel obstruction, intrahepatic pneumobilia, cholecystic pneumobilia. One author recorded whether diagnosis of gallstone ileus was made prospectively on radiologic reports and correlated findings to pathology. RESULTS: All cases of gallstone ileus were atypical in that one patient had porcelain gallbladder, one had recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, and one was only 35 years of age. Prospective clinical diagnosis of gallstone ileus was made in only 1 patient at computed radiography and all 3 patients at CT. Retrospectively, small bowel obstruction and cholecystic pneumobilia were identified retrospectively in all 3 patients at both computed radiography and MDCT, and an ectopic gallstone, intrahepatic pneumobilia, and choledochoduodenal fistula was seen in 2, 1, and 0 patients at computed radiography and 3, 2, and 3 patients at CT respectively. CONCLUSION: Multidetector CT is an accurate means to diagnose gallstone ileus, even in patients with atypical features. In particular, multidetector CT is useful for identifying the ectopic gallstone at the transition point between dilated and decompressed bowel.     

Gallstone ileus analysis of radiological findings in 27 patients

PURPOSE: We retrospectively compared the clinical value of plain abdominal film, abdominal sonography and abdominal CT in diagnosing gallstone ileus in 27 patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 27 patients (23 women and 4 men, age range 58-96 years; mean age 71.5 years) with surgically proven gallstone ileus were submitted to plain film, sonography and CT of the abdomen. Abdominal plain films were performed in 19 cases in upright position (postero-anterior projection), in eight cases in supine position. Abdominal US were performed with 3.5 and/or 7.5 MHz probes. CT was performed with a helical unit (slice thickness 4mm, reconstruction interval 4mm, pitch 1.5), after intravenous contrast agent (120 ml) infusion (3 ml/s, 55 s acquisition delay from bolus starting) and using a power injector. The following findings were searched on: pneumobilia, air in gallbladder, cholecysto-digestive fistula, extraluminal fluid, bowel loops dilatation, intestinal air-fluid levels, ectopic stones. RESULTS: Plain abdominal films showed the following findings: air-fluid levels (77.78% of cases), bowel loops dilatation (88.89%), site of obstruction (44.4%), pneumobilia (37.04%), air in gallbladder (3.70%), ectopic stone (33.33%). Abdominal sonography demonstrated bowel loops dilatation (44.44%), extraluminal fluid (14.81%), ectopic stones (14.81%), gallbladder abnormalities, (37.04%), pneumobilia (55.56%). CT findings retrospectively observed were: bowel loops dilatation (92.59%), air-fluid levels (37.04%), bilio-digestive fistula (14.81%), pneumobilia (88.89%), ectopic stone (81.48%), extraluminal fluid (22.22%). The Rigler's triad, that is pneumobilia, bowel mechanical obstruction and ectopic stone detection was observed 4 times with RX (14.81%), 3 times with US (11.11%) and 21 times with CT (77.78%). CONCLUSIONS: Air-fluid levels and bowel loop dilatation were the radiological findings more frequently observed in our series. Plain abdominal film allowed us mainly to identify signs of obstruction, US were more effective in disclosing biliary pathology, CT allowed us to correctly diagnose biliary ileus with much higher accuracy.     

Gallstone ileus: CT findings

Gallstone ileus is a rare complication of recurrent gallstone cholecystitis. The classic radiographic triad of small bowel obstruction, pneumobilia and ectopic gallstone on abdominal plain radiograph is described with CT imaging. Because of the better resolution of CT compared with abdominal radiography and its recent accession to emergency use, radiologists should be aware of CT findings of gallstone ileus. We report a case in which gallstone ileus was initially diagnosed by CT. Received: 30 July 1999; Revised: 18 October 1999; Accepted: 18 October 1999     

胆石性肠梗阻的X线诊断(附8例报告)

本文报道8例胆石性肠梗阻,并复习有关文献。较大的胆石常经胆肠瘘进入肠道。结石直径大于4cm,肠腔狭窄等因素都易导致结石在肠道内嵌顿。本病多见老年慢性胆囊炎胆石症患者,女性尤为好发,临床上小肠梗阻常为不完全性,症状呈间断变化为其特征。主要X 线表现有:(1)肠梗阻;(2)腹部直接或间接显示胆石影;(3)胆管积气或存在胆肠瘘。CT 和超声对诊断有帮助。胆石嵌顿于十二指肠球部造成胃出口梗阻为本病的罕见类型,称为Bouveret‘s 综合征。     

Role of helical CT in diagnosis of gallstone ileus and related conditions

OBJECTIVE: Small-bowel obstruction from gallstone impaction is a pathological entity frequently observed in elderly patients with a history of cholelithiasis or cholecystitis. Diagnostic imaging plays a great role in the management of patients with suspected gallstone ileus and overall in the correct predictive diagnosis: in the last years, some experiences in radiologic diagnosis of this entity by sonography, abdominal plain film and CT, and occasionally MRI have been reported. Some questions related to gallstone ileus are to be considered: one of them is the possibility of recurrence, which increases the operatory risk in these patients. Recurrence may be due either to the presence of overlooked stones that were already in the bowel at the time of surgery but not identified and not removed or to the migration of other stones in patients not previously cholcystectomized. In cases of acute abdomen, establishing an effective conservative therapy may be a critical point. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the capabilities of helical single-detector and MDCT scanners to allow a correct diagnosis of this disease. CONCLUSION: Helical single-detector and MDCT may improve the diagnosis of gallstone ileus, providing important information regarding the exact number, size, and location of ectopic stones and the site of intestinal obstruction or direct visualization of a biliary-enteric fistula, to help clinicians in the therapeutic management of patients.