黄芪属植物三萜类化学成分

对黄芪属43种植物中的三萜类化学成分及其结构特征作了较系统的综述。     

紫珠果实化学成分的研究

目的：研究紫珠困实化学成份。方法：９５％乙醇提取及硅胶层析。结果：从中得到两个已知五环三萜，通过光谱法鉴定为β－香树素（β－ａｍｙｒｉｎ）１和熊果酸（ｕｒｓｏｌｉｃ ａｃｉｄ．）２。结论：以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分得。     

紫丁香叶三萜类化学成分研究

目的研究木犀科丁香属植物紫丁香(Syringa oblata Lindl.)叶的化学成分。方法利用硅胶柱色谱法、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱法、中压柱层析及半制备高效液相色谱等方法分离纯化;通过核磁共振谱、质谱等光谱数据鉴定化合物结构。结果分离得到8个三萜类化合物,分别鉴定为Maslinic acid(1),3β-O-trans-p-coumaroyl maslinic acid(2),3β-O-cis-p-coumaroyl maslinic acid(3),2α-Hydroxy ursolic acid(4),3β-O-trans-p-coumaroyloxy-2α-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(5),3β-O-cis-p-coumaroyloxy-2α-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(6),3β-O-trans-p-coumaroyl tormentic acid(7),3β-O-cis-p-coumaroyl tormentic acid(8)。结论化合物1～8均为首次从丁香属植物中分离得到。     

青风藤三萜类的化学成分

目的:研究青风藤Sinomenium acutum的化学成分.方法:通过反复硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱和重结晶等方法进行分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定结构.结果:从青风藤中分离鉴定了5个三萜类化合物,分别是羽扇豆醇(1)、羽扇豆酮(2)、赤杨醇(3)、赤杨酮(4)、乙酰齐墩果酸(5).结论:以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

华中五味子化学成分的研究

目的对传统中药华中五味子中的化学成分进行初步研究。方法运用多种色谱方法分离纯化,通过现代波谱解析技术(如NMR和MS等)和理化数据的文献对照,鉴定结构。结果与结论从华中五味子中分离得到了10个化合物,分别鉴定为五味子酚(schisanhenol,1)、五味子酯乙(schisantherin B,2)、chicanine(3)、pregomisin(4)和甘五酸(schizandronic acid,5)、去氧五味子素(6)、前戈米辛(7)、内消旋二氢愈创木脂素(8)、五味子酯甲(9)、戈米辛P顺芷酸酯(10)。首次从该植物中分离得到化合物前戈米辛(7)。     

黄荆子三萜类化学成分研究

目的 研究马鞭草科牡荆属植物黄荆果实的三萜类化学成分.方法 采用硅胶柱层析、ODS柱层析、Sephadex LH-20柱层析等色谱法分离纯化黄荆子三萜类化学成分,并根据理化性质和波谱数据对化合物结构进行鉴定.结果 分离得到了7个化合物,分别是2α,3α,19α-三羟基乌苏-12-烯-28-酸(1)、2α,3β-二羟基齐墩果-12-烯-28-酸(2)、2α,3β,19α-三羟基乌苏-12-烯-28-酸(3)、2α,3ββ,19α,23-四羟基齐墩果-12-烯-28-酸(4)、2α,3β,23-三羟基齐墩果-12-烯-28-酸(5)、2α,3α,24-齐墩果三羟基-12-烯-28-酸(6)、乌苏酸(7).结论 化合物1、3、4、5、6为首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

连翘的化学成分研究

目的对中药连翘Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.) Vhal果实的化学成分进行系统研究。方法将连翘果实用体积分数为95%的乙醇冷浸7 d,用乙酸乙酯萃取,结合各种柱色谱方法对乙酸乙酯部位进行系统地化学成分分离,根据理化性质和光谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果分离并鉴定了14个化合物的结构。4个二萜化合物:19-formyl-ent-labda-8(17),13E-dien-15-oic acid(1);3α,18-dihydroxy-ent-labda-8(17),13E-dien-15-oic acid(2);3α-hydroxy-ent-labda-8(17),12E-14-trien-18-ol(3)和3α-hydroxy-ent-labda-8(17),12E-14-trien-19-oic acid(4)。6个木脂素类:松脂素(5)、松脂素-4-O-β-葡萄糖苷(6)、表松脂酚(7)、连翘脂素(8)、连翘苷(9)和安五脂素(10)。4个三萜类:白桦脂酸(11)、熊果酸(12)、齐墩果酸(13)和methyl-3α-hydroxyolean-18-ene-28-oa...     

刺柏化学成分的初步分析

柏科刺柏属植物刺柏（JuniperustaiuanianaHayata,epitymut）在福建各地均有分布,民间以其根治疗麻疹后高热,茎、叶治疗麻疹不透[1]。国外报道从同属植物中分到有抗癌、抗菌、杀虫[2－7]等多种生理活性成分。Kupchan和Jonsthan等从柏科不同属植物6个不同种分得鬼臼毒素（PodophyUatoxin）．Akakori和Tammami等从圆松（J．Chi－nensis）和J.bermachama中分得去氧臼毒素（De－oxypoidoyllo－toxin）它们均显有抗癌活性。因毒性较大,临床使用受到限制,经研制成功很鬼臼毒噻苷（VW26）和鬼臼乙叉苷（VP16－213）,已试用临床,VP16…     

白花败酱中三萜类化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱色谱、中压液相色谱、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱色谱及制备液相色谱等多种色谱技术,从白花败酱95%乙醇提取物中分离得到7个三萜类化合物。根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据确定了它们的结构,分别为29-乙酰氧基齐墩果酸-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷(1)、齐墩果酸(2)、3β-羟基-24-降-乌苏-4(23),12(13),20(30)-三烯-28-酸(3)、3β-羟基-24-降-乌苏-4(23),12-二烯-28-酸(4)、熊果酸(5)、常春藤皂苷元(6)、齐墩果酸3-O-阿拉伯糖苷(7)。化合物1为新化合物,化合物3、4、6、7为首次从该植物中分离得到。通过对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW 264.7细胞(小鼠单核巨噬细胞)释放的一氧化氮(NO)影响实验测定了化合物的抗炎活性,结果表明化合物1、2、3、4、6、7有显著抑制NO作用。     

迷迭香二萜酚类成分鼠尾草酸的研究进展

迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)系唇形科迷迭香属多年草本植物,研究表明迷迭香中主要的二萜酚类成分鼠尾草酸(carnosic acid)除了具有抗氧化作用,还具有抗癌、神经保护、抗炎、减肥、抑菌等多种药理活性,表现出较高的药用价值,并且可以广泛应用于药品、保健品、化妆品、食品添加剂及食用油等行业,为了促进鼠尾草酸的新药研究和开发利用,本文对其近年来的研究进展进行综述。     

Phenolic Antioxidant Compounds Produced by in Vitro. Cultures of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis.) and Their Anti-inflammatory Effect on Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Microglia

Abstract

Different culture types (shoot culture, callus culture, and cell suspension culture) of Rosmarinus officinalis. L. were established and their ability to biosynthesize the phytochemicals carnosic acid, carnosol, and rosmarinic acid were assessed and compared with subcultures of the same stem plant over time. Furthermore, we examined the antioxidative effect of extracts from different culture types by measuring their scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals as well as their anti-inflammatory potential on neonatal microglial rat cells activated by means of the inflammogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) taking nitric oxide (NO) as parameter. Our results show that during an investigation period of 17 months, the shoot culture accumulated varying amounts of carnosic acid and carnosol, which were also present in callus culture but about 20- to 80-fold lower than in the shoot culture. In suspension culture, only carnosic acid and no carnosol could be detected. The level of carnosic acid in suspension culture was threefold less than detected for the callus culture on average. The amount of rosmarinic acid produced in shoot culture and callus culture were comparable, whereas in suspension culture higher concentrations of rosmarinic acid could be measured than in shoot and callus culture. Thus, the content of carnosic acid, carnosol, and rosmarinic acid in the extracts depended on the differentiation grade of the cell culture type. The DPPH radical-scavenging activity of the extracts depended on the amount of all three phytochemicals, in particular of rosmarinic acid. The anti-inflammatory character of the extracts was mainly based on their carnosic acid content.     

RP-HPLC法测定迷迭香中鼠尾草酸和迷迭香酸的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法同时测定迷迭香药材中鼠尾草酸和迷迭香酸的含量。方法运用PhenomenexC18（250 mm×4.60 mm,5μm）为分析柱;柱温30℃;流动相为乙腈（A）-0.1%磷酸（B）梯度洗脱：0～10min,25%A,10～15 min：25%～75%A,15～25 min：75%A;流速1.0 mL min^-1;检测波长284 nm。结果迷迭香酸和鼠尾草酸与其他组分的分离效果好,两者分别在0.046 55～1.862 0μg和0.372 7～14.908μg呈良好的线性关系（r值为0.999 94和0.999 97）,平均回收率分别为99.0%（RSD=1.1%,n=9）和98.1%（RSD=1.5%,n=9）。结论该测定方法简便、准确、重现性好,方便了迷迭香药材中鼠尾草酸和迷迭香酸的含量测定。     

Insecticidal Activities of Commercial Rosemary Oils (Rosmarinus officinalis.) Against Larvae of Pseudaletia unipuncta. and Trichoplusia ni. in Relation to Their Chemical Compositions

Abstract

Rosemary [Rosmarinus officinalis. L. (Lamiaceae)] essential oil has insecticidal properties and is the active ingredient in a number of commercial insecticides. Like other plant essential oils, the chemical composition of rosemary oil can vary based on genotype, geography, climate, and method of preparation. This study explored the relationship between chemical composition and insecticidal activity of 10 commercial samples of rosemary oil, based on laboratory bioassays with two agricultural pests, the armyworm Pseudaletia unipuncta. Haworth (Noctuidae) and the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni. Hübner (Noctuidae). Nine major terpenoid constituents of rosemary oil were quantified in the samples by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major constituents were 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, β-pinene, and camphor; on average 1,8-cineole made up 52% of the oil by weight. Bioassayed individually, camphor was the most toxic compound to the armyworm (LD₅₀ = 189.4 μ g larva^{? 1}) whereas μ-terpineol was the most toxic to the looper (LD₅₀ = 128.5 μ g larva^{? 1}). LD₅₀ values for the ten rosemary oils ranged from 167.1 to 372.1 μ g larva^{? 1}in the armyworm and from 58.9 to 335.9 μ g larva^{? 1} in the looper. Correlation analysis comparing rosemary oil toxicity to chemical composition revealed slight but significant correlation for d.-limonene and α-terpineol in bioassays with the looper but no correlations between constituents and toxicity with the armyworm. An “artificial” rosemary oil was prepared by mixing the nine major constituents in proportions reflecting the average proportion of each constituent in the 10 commercial oils. In the armyworm, this “artificial” oil was significantly less toxic than five of the intact oils; in the looper, the artificial oil was less toxic than three of the intact oils. Our results suggest that toxicity of rosemary oil, at least to lepidopteran larvae, is a consequence of the combined (and possibly synergistic) effects of several chemical constituents, with no individual compound making a dominating contribution.     

超临界CO_2萃取法提取迷迭香油工艺及其化学组分研究

目的:优化超临界CO2萃取迷迭香油工艺,并分析其主要化学组分。方法:采用正交试验优化超临界CO2萃取迷迭香油工艺的参数,将提取物的化学成分经气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)进行分离鉴定,并计算各组分的相对百分含量。结果:优化的最佳工艺为萃取压力20MPa,萃取温度45℃,分离压力6MPa,萃取时间120min。迷迭香油中鉴定出21种化学组分,占挥发油总量的97.99%。迷迭香挥发油中含量较高的成分是1,8-桉叶素(27.23%)、α-蒎烯(19.43%)、樟脑(14.26%)、莰烯(11.52%)等。结论:超临界CO2萃取迷迭香油具有提取时间短、提取率高等优点;浙江产迷迭香与西班牙型较为接近。     

迷迭香精油通过嗅觉通路改善小鼠学习记忆的研究

目的探讨迷迭香精油通过嗅觉通路改善C57BL/6小鼠学习记忆能力及其可能的机制。方法通过鼻吸入迷迭香精油的方法 ,以毁损嗅上皮模型作对照,分组进行Lashley-III水迷宫和嗅觉辨识记忆实验,并进行免疫组化,观察各组小鼠海马CA1区乙酰胆碱酯酶、谷氨酸的表达情况。结果迷迭香精油组小鼠的水迷宫实验和嗅觉辨别记忆实验潜伏期低于其他组(P<0.05),免疫组化结果显示该组小鼠海马CA1区乙酰胆碱酯酶、谷氨酸的表达增强。结论迷迭香精油能够通过嗅觉通路改善小鼠的学习记忆功能,其机制可能与嗅觉通路中神经递质的改变有关。     

Efficacy of Rosmarinus officinalis leaves extract against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity

Context Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is used to treat different cancer types, although it causes severe hepatotoxicity due to its oxidative stress effect. Rosmarinus officinalis, L. (Lamiaceae) has a therapeutic potential against hepatotoxicity due to its antioxidant activity.

Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract of Rosmarinus officianalis leaves (MEROL) and its efficacy against CTX-induced hepatotoxicity.

Materials and methods The phytochemical analyses were assessed spectrophotometericaly. To assess the MEROL efficacy, 72 Swiss albino mice were divided into six groups. Group 1 was control, groups 2 and 3 included mice which were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 100 or 200?mg/kg of MEROL at days 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16; group 4 was injected (i.p.) with CTX (200?mg/kg) at day 17, groups 5 and 6 were injected (i.p.) with MEROL as groups 3 and 4 followed by 200?mg/kg CTX at day 17, respectively. At day 22, six mice from each group were sacrificed and the others were sacrificed at day 37.

Results MEROL has a high content of total phenolics, saponins, total antioxidant capacity and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The median lethal dose (LD₅₀) value of MEROL was 4.125?g/kg b.w. The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC₅₀) value for DPPH radical scavenging was 55?μg/mL. Pretreatment with 100?mg/kg MEROL for 16 d ameliorated CTX-induced hepatotoxicity represented in lowering the levels of the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lipid profile and minimizing the histological damage.

Conclusions Pretreatment with 100?mg/kg b.w. MEROL mitigated CTX-induced hepatotoxicity due to its antioxidant activity.     

Rosmarinus officinalis L. extract and some of its active ingredients as potential emulsion stabilizers: a new approach to the formation of multiple (W/O/W) emulsion

Nowadays, novel topical formulations loaded with natural functional actives are under intense investigations. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate how the rosemary extract and some of its active ingredients [rosmarinic acid (RA), ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA)] affect technological characteristics of multiple emulsion. Formulation has been prepared by adding investigated solutions (10%) in water/oil/water (W/O/W) multiple emulsion consisting of different lipophilic phases: olive oil and liquid paraffin, with 0.5% emulsifying agent (complex of sodium polyacrylate and polysorbate 20) under constant stirring with mechanical stirrer at room temperature. The emulsion parameters were evaluated using centrifugation test, freeze–thaw cycle test, microscopical and texture analyses. Rosemary's triterpenic saponins UA and OA showed the highest emulsion stabilizing properties: they decreased CI from 3.26% to 10.23% (p?<?0.05). According to obtained interfacial tension data, the effect of rosemary active ingredients is not surfactant-like. Even though emulsifier itself at low concentration intends to form directly the multiple emulsion, the obtained results indicate that rosemary extract containing active ingredients does not only serve as functional cosmetic agent due to a number of biological activities, but also offer potential advantages as a stabilizer and an enhancer of W/O/W emulsions formation for dermopharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations.     

密蒙花中的新苯乙醇甙

从密蒙花（Buddleia officinalis)中分离得到一个新苯乙醇甙，通过波谱分析，确定新化合物结构为β－(3‘,4‘-二羟基，6‘-N－吡啶盐酸盐基－苯基）－乙基－O－α－L－吡喃鼠李糖基－（1→3）－β－D－（4″－O－咖啡酰基）－呋喃葡萄糖甙，命名其为密蒙花新甙B。