夏枯草中苯丙素和三萜的分离和鉴定

从夏枯草中用色谱法分离得到1个新的苯丙素类化合物1和5个已知的三萜类化合物2－6,经波谱法和化学法鉴定为3,4,α-三羟基苯丙素丁酯（1）,2α,3α,24－三羟基乌苏－12,20（30）－二烯－28－酸（2）、2α,3α,24－三羟基齐墩果－12－烯－28－酸（3）、2α,3α,24－羟基乌苏－12－烯－28－酸（4）、2α,3β－二羟基齐墩果－12－烯－28－酸（5）和2α,3β－二羟基乌苏－12－烯－28－酸（6）,5个三萜类化合物均为首次从夏枯草中分离得到。     

哈土蟆卵油化学成分研究（Ⅱ）

目的 分离鉴定哈土蟆卵油化学成分。方法 硅胶、LH－20柱色谱分离，通过IR、NMR及MS光谱分析法确定结构。结果 分得6个化合物，分别鉴定为（Ⅰ）棕榈酸－α－单甘油酯、（Ⅱ）棕榈酸－α，α'－甘油二酯、（Ⅲ）油酸－α－单甘油酯，（Ⅳ）硬脂酸、（Ⅴ）棕榈酸胺和（Ⅵ）棕榈酸乙酯及硬脂酸乙酯。结论6个中物均为首次从哈土蟆卵中分离得到。     

昆明山海棠雄性抗生育成分的研究

昆明山海棠茎皮乙醇提取物中雄性抗生育活性成分的分离，显示氯仿部分及正丁醇部分为活性部分。用硅胶柱对这两部分进一步分离后，得到雷藤素乙（Ⅰ）、雷藤素甲（Ⅱ）、雷酚二萜酸（Ⅲ）、雷酚萜醇（Ⅳ）、3－oxo-olean-12-en-29-oicacid(Ⅴ）、齐墩果酸（Ⅵ）、3β，22α-dihydroxy-△^12-oleanen-29-oic acid(Ⅶ）、3－乙酰氧基齐墩果酸（Ⅷ）、雷公藤内酯甲（Ⅸ）、雷公藤次硷（Ⅹ）、胡萝卜甙（Ⅺ）、β－谷甾醇（Ⅻ）、1－表儿茶素（ⅩⅢ）及富马酸（ⅩⅣ）。其中3－oxo-olean-12-en-29-oic acid，齐墩果酸及富马酸为首次从雷公藤属植物中发现。雷藤素乙。雷酚萜醇，3－β，22α-dihydroxy-△^12-oleanen-29-oic acid及胡萝卜甙为首次从昆明山海棠中分离得到。药理筛选显示雷藤素乙及雷藤素甲对于雄性大鼠具有可逆性雄性抗生育活性，其有效剂量分别为每天200及30μg/kg。     

獐牙菜三萜化学成分研究

目的研究獐牙菜Swertia bimaculata的化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱分离纯化,通过理化常数和光谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果从獐牙菜分离得到6种化合物,根据波谱分析和理化数据鉴定为：齐墩果酸（oeanlic acid,1）,乌苏酸（ursolic acid,2）,α-香树脂醇乙酸酯（α-amyrin acetate,3）,β-香树脂酮（β-amyrenone,4）,1β,3β-二羟基乌苏烷-12-烯-28-酸（1β,3β-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacid,5）,2α,3β,19α,23-四羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸（2α,3β,19α,23β-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid,6）。结论化合物4～6为首次从獐牙菜属中分离得到,3为首次从獐牙菜中分离得到。     

赤芝孢子粉三萜化学成分研究

从赤芝孢子粉（Ganoderma lucidum Karst）酯溶发分离得到五种三萜类化合物经理化常数和光谱（UV，IR，MS，^1H和^13CNMR）分析分别鉴定为赤芝孢子酸A（ganosporeric acid A,I),gandoeric acid B(Ⅱ），ganderic acid C(Ⅲ），ganoderic acid E(Ⅳ），ganodermanontriol(Ⅴ）。其中赤芝孢子酸A是新化合物，其余均为首次从赤芝孢子粉中得到。经药理实验表明赤芝孢子酸A对CCl4和GaNI引起的小鼠转氨酶升高有降低作用，对丙酸杆菌引起的小鼠免疫性肝损伤有保护作用。     

穿龙薯蓣总皂苷中甾体皂苷的分离与鉴定

目的 研究穿龙薯蓣总皂苷中水溶性甾体皂苷，寻找新的活性化合物。方法 用硅胶柱色谱、薄层色谱及高效液相色谱等进行分离，通过酸水解、理化常数和波谱学分析（IR，NMR，MS，HMQC，HMBC）鉴定化合物结构。结果 从穿龙薯蓣总皂苷中分得2个甾体皂苷（1个水难溶性皂苷和1个水溶性皂苷），其化学结构分别鉴定为薯蓣皂苷元－3－O－{α-L-鼠李糖（1→2）－[β-D-葡萄糖（1→3）]}-β－D－葡萄糖皂苷（I），薯蓣皂苷元－3－O－[α－L－鼠李糖（1→3）－α-L-鼠李糖（1→4）－α－L－鼠李糖（1→4）]-β－D－葡萄糖皂苷（Ⅱ）。结论 Ⅱ为首次从穿龙薯蓣中分离得到的新化合物，命名为穿龙薯蓣皂苷Dc。     

青霉素生物合成与代谢流量控制

在δ－（Ｌ－α氨基己二酰）－Ｌ－半胱氨酰－Ｄ－缬氨酸合成酶,异青霉素Ｎ合成酶、酰基辅酶Ａ异青霉素Ｎ酰基转移酶等酶的作用下,产黄青霉将３个前体氨基酸经中间产物－（Ｌ－α氨基己二酰）－Ｌ－半胱氨酰－Ｄ－缬氨酸（ＡＣＶ）和异青霉素（ＩＰＮ）生物合成为青霉素。这一过程在产生青霉素Ｇ或Ｖ的同时,伴 着６－氨基青霉酸（６－ＡＰＡ）、８－羟基青霉咪唑酸（８－ＨＰＡ）、６－氧哌啶２－羟酸（ＯＰＣ）和青霉噻唑酸等     

豨莶脂溶性成分的研究

从豨莶(Siegesbeckia orientalis L.)的地上部分,分离出八个化合物,其中I和I根据理化性质和光谱数据确定其结构为ent-17-acetoxy-18-isobutyryloxy-16(α)-kauran-19-oicacid(I)和ent-17-ethoxy-16(α)-kauran-19-oicacid(II),均为新化合物,分别被命为豨莶酯酸(siegesesteric acid,I)和豨莶醚酸(siegesetheric acid,I)。其余化合物分别鉴定为腺梗豨莶萜醇酸(ent-16β,17-dihydroxy-kauran-19-oicacid,II),奇任醇(kirenol,IV,β-谷甾醇葡萄糖甙(β-sitosterolglucoside,V),二十一醇(heneicosanol,VI),花生酸甲酯(methyl arachidate,VII)和β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,VII)。除奇任醇和β-谷甾醇外,均为首次从该植物中分得。     

凤丫蕨化学成分研究

目的研究风丫蕨Coniogramme japonica的化学成分。方法采用色谱法进行分离,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果分离得到14个化合物,分别鉴定为onitisin（1）、1,3-双棕榈酸甘油酯（2）、5α,8α-过氧麦角甾-6,22E-二烯-3β-醇（3）、β-谷甾醇棕榈酸酯（4）、棕榈酸（5）、硬脂酸（6）、豆甾-4-烯-3β,6β-二醇（7）、芹菜素（8）、β-谷甾醇（9）、β-胡萝卜苷（10）、葡萄糖（11）、9S,12S,13S—trihydroxy-10-octadecenoic acid（12）、胡萝卜苷棕榈酸酯（13）、4-oxododecanedioic acid（14）。结论化合物1～3、5～8和11—14均是首次从凤丫蕨中得到。     

蛇毒中鞣花酸类及三萜类成分研究

自蛇毒（ＤｕｃｈｅｓｎｅａｉｎｄｉｃａＦｏｃｋ）全草中分离出６个化合物，其中，２个为新化合物，分别命名为蛇莓甙Ａ（ｄｕｃｈｅｓｉｄｅＡ）和蛇莓甙Ｂ（ｄｕｃｈｅｓｉｄｅＢ），经化学及光谱（ＵＶ，１Ｒ，１ＨＮＭＲ，１３ＣＮＭＲ，ＮＯＥＤＳ和ＭＳ）分析确定，蛇莓甙Ａ的结构为３＇－Ｏ－甲基－鞣花酸－４－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃木糖甙（Ⅰ），蛇莓甙Ｂ的结构为３＇－Ｏ－甲基－鞣花酸－４－Ｏ－α－Ｌ－呋喃阿拉伯糖甙（Ⅱ）。另外４个化合物为已知三萜类化合物：３β－羟基－乌苏烷－１２－烯－２８－羧酸（Ⅲ），２α，３β，１９α－三羟基－乌苏烷－１２－烯－２８－羧酸（Ⅳ），２α，３β，１９α－三羟基－乌苏烷－１２－烯－２８－羧酸－２８－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖甙（Ⅴ），２α，３α，１９α－三羟基－乌苏烷－１２－烯－２８－羧酸－２８－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖甙（Ⅵ）。其中化合物Ⅳ，Ⅴ和Ⅵ为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

傣药黑面神内生菌 Bacillus pumilus 化学成分研究

目的 研究一株从傣药黑面神（Breynia fruticosa）中分离得到的内生菌 Bacillus pumilus的化学成分。方法 采用正相硅胶柱色谱、反相硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱等方法进行分离,利用理化性质及波谱数据并结合文献对照确定化合物的结构。结果 从 Bacillus pumilus 发酵液中分离得到 23 个已知化合物,分别鉴定为12-羟基茉莉酮酸（1）、环-（色氨酸-缬氨酸）-二肽（2）、环-（色氨酸-异亮氨酸）-二肽（3）、环-（亮氨酸-异亮氨酸）-二肽（4）、环-（亮氨酸-亮氨酸）-二肽（5）、环-（亮氨酸-缬氨酸）-二肽（6）、吲哚-3-甲酸（7）、吲哚-3-甲醛（8）、黄豆醇B（9）、4,7-二羟基异黄酮（10）、4,7-二羟基-6-甲氧基异黄酮（11）、4,5,7-三羟基异黄酮（12）、对羟基苯乙酸（13）、N-(4-戊氧基)乙酰胺（14）、3-甲硫基-丙烯酸（15）、10-甲基-十一烷酸（16）、十三烷酸（17）、12-甲基-十四烷酸（18）、十五烷酸（19）、十六烷酸（20）、（Z）-9-十六烯酸（21）、10-甲基-11-羟基-正十二烷酸（22）、9, 10-亚甲基十八烷酸（23）。结论 化合物 1~8,13~23 为首次从黑面神内生菌 Bacillus pumilus 代谢产物中分离得到。 关键词： 中图分类号：     

A norsesquiterpene lactone and a benzoic acid derivative from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus and their glucosidase and glycogen phosphorylase inhibiting activities

Two novel compounds, 3-methoxypterolactone ( 1) and 2-amino-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid ( 2), were isolated from leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinsk, together with nine known compounds: pterolactone ( 3), gallic acid ( 4), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid ( 5), oleanolic acid ( 6), beta-boswellic acid ( 7), alpha-boswellic acid ( 8), beta-amyrin ( 9), beta-amyrone ( 10) and 3beta-O-trans-caffeoyl-morolic acid ( 11). The structure elucidation was based on spectroscopic methods, including two-dimensional NMR experiments ( (1)H- (1)H COSY, HMQC and HMBC). All isolated compounds were evaluated for their glycosidase and glycogen phosphorylase inhibitory activities. 2-Amino-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid and gallic acid showed significant alpha-glucosidase and glycogen phosphorylase inhibitory activities.     

Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives Obtained from a Commercial Crataegus Extract and from Authentic Crataegus spp.

Eleven hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were isolated from a 70% methanolic Crataegus extract (Crataegi folium cum flore) and partly verified and quantified for individual Crataegus species (C. laevigata, C. monogyna, C. nigra, C. pentagyna) by HPLC: 3-O-(E)-p-coumaroylquinic acid (1), 5-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl-quinic acid (2), 4-O-(E)-p-coumaroylquinic acid (3), 3-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid (4), 4-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid (5), 5-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid (6), 3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid (7), 4,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid (8), (-)-2-O-(E)-caffeoyl-L-threonic acid (9), (-)-4-O-(E)-caffeoyl-L-threonic acid (10), and (-)-4-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl-L-threonic acid (11). Further, (-)-2-O-(E)-caffeoyl-D-malic acid (12) was isolated from C. submollis and also identified for C. pentagyna and C. nigra by co-chromatography. The isolates 10 and 11 were not found in the authentic fresh specimen, indicating that they may be formed during extraction by acyl migration from the 2-O-acylderivatives. Also, 9 and 11 are described here for the first time. All structures were assigned on the basis of their spectroscopic data (¹H-, ¹³C-NMR, MS, optical rotation).     

番荔枝化学成分研究

从番荔枝(Annona squamosa)中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为liriodenine(AS—1),穆坪马兜铃酰胺(moupinamide,AS-2),-(-)-kauran-16α-01-19-oic acid(AS-3),16β,17-dihydroxy-(-)-kauran-19-oic acid(AS-4),anonaine(AS-5),16α,17-dihydroxy-(-)-kauran-19-oic acid(AS-6),(-)-isokaur-15(16)-en-17,19-dioic acid(AS-7),番荔枝酰胺squamosamide(AS-8),16α-methoxy-(-)kauran-19-oicacid(AS-9),sachanoic acid(AS-10),(-)-kauran-19-al-17-oic acid(AS-11),daucosterol(AS-12)。其中,番荔枝酰胺(AS-8)是新化合物,AS-9是第一次从植物中得到的天然产物。     

Hydroxy- and amino-substituted piperidinecarboxylic acids as gamma-aminobutyric acid agonists and uptake inhibitors

The syntheses of (3RS,4RS)-4-hydroxypiperidine-3-carboxylic acid (4), (3RS,5SR)-5-hydroxypiperidine-3-carboxylic acid (20), (3RS,4SR)-4-acetamidopiperidine-3-carboxylic acid (10), and (3RS,5SR)-5-acetamidopiperidine-3-carboxylic acid (18), related to the specific gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake inhibitors (RS)-piperidine-3-carboxylic acid (nipecotic acid) and (3RS,4SR)-4-hydroxypiperidine-3-carboxylic acid (21), are described. Furthermore, (3RS,4SR)-3-hydroxypiperidine-4-carboxylic acid (14), related to the specific GABA agonist piperidine-4-carboxylic acid (isonipecotic acid), has been synthesized. The structures of 4, 10, 14, 18, and 20 have been established by 270-MHz 1H NMR spectroscopic analyses. The affinity of the compounds for the GABA receptors and for the neuronal (synaptosomal) GABA uptake system in vitro has been measured. Compound 14 interacts selectively with the GABA receptors but less effectively than isonipecotic acid and the cis-isomer 22. Compounds 4, 18, and 20 are inhibitors of the GABA uptake system, although much weaker than nipecotic acid and (3RS,4SR)-4-hydroxypiperidine-3-carboxylic acid (21). Compound 10 is inactive in both test systems.     

Fukiic and piscidic acid esters from the rhizome of Cimicifuga racemosa and the in vitro estrogenic activity of fukinolic acid

Hydroxycinnamic acid esters of fukiic acid and piscidic acid were isolated from a 50% ethanolic extract obtained from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga racemosa (Ranunculaceae). Besides 2-E-caffeoylfukiic acid (fukinolic acid), 2-E-feruloylfukiic acid (cimicifugic acid A), 2-E-isoferuloylfukiic acid (cimicifugic acid B), 2-E-feruloylpiscidic acid (cimicifugic acid E) and 2-E-isoferuloylpiscidic acid (cimicifugic acid F), free caffeic, ferulic and isoferulic acids were isolated. The estrogenic activity of fukinolic acid was shown by increased proliferation (126% at 5 x 10(-8) M) of an estrogen dependent MCF-7 cell system with reference to estradiol (120% at 10(-10) M).     

Inhibitory activity for chitin synthase II from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by tannins and related compounds

In the course of search for potent inhibitors of chitin synthase II from natural resources, seven tannins and related compounds were isolated from the aerial part of Euphorbia pekinensis and identified as gallic acid (1), methyl gallate (2), 3-O-galloyl-(-)-shikimic acid (3), corilagin (4), geraniin (5), quercetin-3-O-(2"-O-galloyl)-beta-D-glucoside (6), and kaempferol-3-O-(2"-O-galloyl)-beta-D-glucoside (7). These and nine related compounds, (-)-quinic acid (8), (-)-shikimic acid (9), ellagic acid (10), kaempferol (11), quercetin (12), quercitrin (13), rutin (14), quercetin-3-O-(2"-O-galloyl)-beta-D-rutinoside (15) and 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (16), were evaluated for the inhibitory activity against chitin synthase II and III. They inhibited chitin synthase II with IC(50) values of 18-206 microM, except for two organic acids, (-)-quinic acid (8) and (-)-shikimic acid (9). Among them, 3-O-galloyl-(-)-shikimic acid (3) was the most potent inhibitor against chitin synthase II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with an IC(50) value of 18 microM. The inhibition appears to be selective for chitin synthase II, as they did not appreciably inhibit chitin synthase III.     

过山蕨中有机酸类化学成分

目的研究过山蕨(Camptosorus sibiricusRupr.)中有机酸类化学成分。方法采用反复硅胶柱层析分离纯化,通过理化常数测定和光谱分析鉴定其化学结构。结果从过山蕨中分离得到了11个有机酸类化合物,即咖啡酸(caffeic acid,1)、香豆酸(courmaric acid,2)、原儿茶酸(protocate-chuic acid,3)、对羟基苯甲酸(4 hydroxybenzoic acid,4)、异香草酸(isovanillic acid,5)、2,4二羟基苯甲酸(2,4 dihydroxybenzoic acid,6)、肉桂酸(cinnamic acid,7)、丁二酸(succinic acid,8)、棕榈酸(palmitic acid,9)、香豆酸4OβD吡喃葡萄糖苷(transpcoumaric acid 4OβDglucopyranoside,10)、咖啡酸4OβD吡喃葡萄糖苷(caffeic acid 4OβDglucopyranoside,11)。结论化合物2~11,均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

Studies of sulfhemoglobin formation by various drugs (3) (author's transl)

Sulfhemoglobin (SHb) and methemoglobin (MHb) formations by various compounds were examined by single and three consecutive intraperitoneal administrations to mice. With a single administration, methemoglobinemia was induced by diphenylamine (DPA), 1-naphthylamine (NA), phenylnaphthylamine (PNA), N-(1-naphthyl) anthranilic acid (N1) and N-(1'-naphthyl)-2-aminophenylacetic acid (IG240), and was not observed with phenylanthranilic acid (PAA), N-benzoyl-N'-phenyl-2, 6-diaminobenzoic acid (BPAA), flufenamic acid (FA), mefenamic acid (MFA), N-(2-6-dichlorophenyl) anthranilic acid (CPAA), N-(2', 6'-dichlorophenyl)-2-aminophenylacetic acid (CPPA), nine derivatives of N1 and two derivatives of IG240. On the other hand, sulfhemoglobinemia, with a single administration, was found to be induced by NA. Furthermore, with three consecutive administrations, such was induced by DPA, PAA, BPAA and FA even though SHb was not demonstrated with a single administration, and was not observed with MF, CPAA, CPPA and various derivatives of N1 and IG240.     

Antiproliferative constituents in the plant 8. Seeds of Rhynchosia volubilis.

The MeOH extract of the seeds of Rhynchosia volubilis (Leguminosae) showed antiproliferative activity against human gastric adenocarcinoma [MK-1, 50% growth inhibition (GI50): 25 microg/ml], human uterus carcinoma (HeLa, GI50: 30 microg/ml), and murine melanoma (B16F10, GI50: 8 microg/ml) cells. Bioactivity-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of gallic acid methylester (1), gallic acid (2), 7-O-galloylcatechin (3), 1,6-di-O-galloylglucose (4), 1-O-galloylglucose (5), and trigalloylgallic acid (6), and their antiproliferative activity was estimated. All showed much stronger inhibition against B16F10 cell growth than against HeLa and MK-1 cell growth. Compound 2 and its tetramer (6) with a free carboxyl group showed higher activity than those which did not have a free carboxyl group. In relation to the gallic acid tetramer (6), two gallic acid dimers (ellagic acid and dehydrodigallic acid) and trimers (tergallic acid dilactone and flavogallonic acid dilactone) were tested for their activity, and compared with those of the isolates.