Prevalence of genotypic resistance to nucleoside analogues, nonnucleoside analogues, and protease inhibitors in HIV-infected persons in Athens, Greece

The objective was to study the prevalence of genotypic resistance to nucleoside analogues (NRTIs), nonnucleoside analogues (NNRTIs), and protease inhibitors among HIV-1-infected persons in Athens, Greece. Patients followed at two HIV units were examined for prevalence of emergence of antiretroviral resistance mutations (ARMs) in this observational study where complete therapy history was available. All mutations were recorded according to the October/November 2005 IAS-USA Drug Resistance Mutations Figures. A total of 234 patients underwent genotypic testing of 2069 followed (1987-2004). The most frequent ARMs of each drug category were to NRTIs at codons M184V [present in 149 tests (63.6%)], M41L [79 (33.8%)], K70R [66 (28.2%)], M184VI [58 (24.8%)], T215YF [53 (22.7%)], D67N [82 (35.0%)], T215Y [72 (30.8%)], K219Q [47 (20.1%)], K219E/Q [54 (23.1%)], and L210W [49 (20.9%)], respectively. The most prevalent mutations related to NNRTIs were K103N [present in 59 tests (25.2%)], G190A [50 (21.4%)], and Y181C [48 (20.5%]. Mutations in the protease gene showed that the ARM at residue L63P was the most prevalent present in 119 samples (50.9%). L90M (26.5%) was among the most frequently observed single key protease mutations in our series, although variables of V82 and I54 amino acid substitutions were more frequent. M184V (63.6%) and K103N (25.2%) were the most frequent mutations related to NRTIs and NNRTIs, respectively.     

临沧市2012年高效抗反转录病毒治疗失败的AIDS患者耐药基因变异分析

目的：了解临沧市2012年经高效抗反转录病毒治疗（highly active antiretroviral therapy, HAART）失败的AIDS患者耐药基因的变异情况。方法调查HAART失败AIDS患者的流行病学特征,检测CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数和病毒载量,对HIV RNA＞1×10^3 copies/ml的患者行HIV-1耐药基因检测。结果66例中有53例检出基因耐药突变。最常见的核苷类反转录酶抑制剂耐药突变位点为M184V、D67N和K70R,非核苷类反转录酶抑制剂耐药突变位点为K103N、G190A和V179D。仅发现3个蛋白酶抑制剂突变位点,分别为D33F、M46I和L76V。结论临沧市AIDS患者出现较多反转录酶抑制剂突变位点是一线抗反转录病毒治疗失败的主要原因。在选择二线治疗方案时,增加蛋白酶抑制剂可避免多重耐药导致的治疗失败。