膝关节周围骨肿瘤原位微波灭活术后下肢功能的评价

目的评价膝关节周围骨肿瘤原位微波灭活治疗后下肢功能。方法2006年7月～2007年11月采用微波原位灭活方法治疗膝关节周围骨肿瘤18例，其中骨肉瘤12例，骨巨细胞瘤6例；男10例，女8例；位于股骨远端12例，胫骨近端4例，腓骨近端2例；Enneking肿瘤分级ⅠB期8例，ⅡB期10例；平均随访10．7个月。结果18例均存活，无术后感染、皮肤坏死病例，术后未发生灭活骨段骨折、肿瘤广泛转移，肿瘤局部复发1例（术后4个月），根据Enneking骨骼肌肉肿瘤术后下肢功能评定标准评价下肢功能：优14例，良2例，中1例，差1例。结论原位微波灭活治疗膝关节周围恶性骨肿瘤可获得优良的肢体关节功能。     

骨肉瘤截肢患者的护理

骨肉瘤是最常见的原发性恶性肿瘤之一，由原始的骨间质细胞分化而来，直接或间接产生肿瘤样骨样组织和骨组织。该病传统的治疗是尽早手术截肢或关节离断，近年来主要采用联合大剂量化疗后保肢治疗即行整段切除灭活后异体骨移植或关节置换，使肢体的截肢率明显降低；但手术截肢仍是主要的治疗方法。我院1990-2005年收治骨肉瘤行手术截肢20例，现将骨肉瘤截肢患者的护理体会总结如下。     

骨肉瘤保肢手术方法的初步评价

目的:评价骨肉瘤5种保肢手术方法患者的复发、生存率及并发症发生率的差异.方法:1985年2月～1999年12月入院手术的70例Ⅱb期肢体骨肉瘤患者.手术方法:保肢手术50例,为广泛或根治性切除术,其中灭活再植25例,人工假体置换12例,异体半关节置换9例,带血管腓骨移植4例;截肢术20例.所有病例经过3～17年随访,平均9.5年.结果:保肢纽和截肢组相比复发率和生存率均无显著性差异.保肢手术各种方法间患者术后复发、远期生存率有差异,但统计学意义不显著.保肢术后并发症发生率较截肢组高.感染、骨折、骨不连、假体松动等,灭活再植术、异体骨移植组居多.结论:骨肉瘤保肢术以人工关节置换首选,灭活再植、异体骨移植应特别注意并发症的防治.     

多功能微波手术治疗系统的应用

微波治疗骨肿瘤，是利用微波的产热效应，直接对肿瘤组织进行灭活。手术操作的简要过程包括：在遵循“间室”概念的前提下，先对病变组织周围的重要神经、血管等组织进行分离，保护，通过插入式微波天线对肿瘤组织进行温控灭活，同时对周围健康组织采取降温保护措施。根据“温度一时间”曲线决定灭活时间，术后病理证实经处置后组织的失活率为100％。肿瘤灭活后形成的骨缺损处给予异体骨、骨水泥重建，必要时行内固定。患者术后早期即开始功能锻炼，保持了良好的肢体及关节运动功能。     

两种不同微波灭活技术在肢体骨巨细胞瘤治疗中的比较

目的 回顾性分析两种不同的微波灭活技术应用于肢体骨巨细胞瘤的手术方法,观察手术疗效,从而找出一种更加安全有效的应用微波治疗肢体骨巨细胞瘤的手术方法.方法 2006年9月至2010年9月,21例肢体骨巨细胞瘤的患者在我院接受手术治疗,其中原发病例18例,复发3例（均为局部复发,未发现远处转移）.病变部位股骨8例,胫骨5例,肱骨5例,桡骨2例,尺骨1例.肿瘤伴发病理性骨折3例.8例行肿瘤原位微波灭活刮除术,即先行肿瘤原位微波灭活后刮除肿瘤;13例行肿瘤囊内刮除微波辅助残腔灭活术,即先采用常规的方法刮除肿瘤后,辅助以微波灭活肿瘤刮除术后的残腔.全部病例均得到病理学证实.结果 全部患者均得到随访,平均随访时间23个月.各有1例肿瘤微波原位灭活刮除及肿瘤刮除微波辅助残腔灭活的病例,术后10个月及18个月局部复发.2例股骨远端病例及1例胫骨近端病例在术后6-12个月内发生骨折,均为肿瘤原位微波灭活刮除病例.无伤口并发症及深部感染的发生,无远处转移.术后MSTS功能评分微波原位灭活刮除组平均为24分,囊内刮除辅助微波灭活组平均为28分,全部微波灭活治疗的病例平均为26分.结论微波灭活技术是一种有效的治疗肢体骨巨细胞瘤的手术方法,可以获得较满意的术后局部复发率.肿瘤囊内刮除微波辅助残腔灭活术在保持局部低复发率的基础上,进一步降低了微波灭活术后骨折的发生率.     

骨骼（060424～060436）

2-甲氧基雌二醇对多发性骨髓瘸患者骨髓细胞的影响；^89SrCl2治疗转移性骨肿瘤的临床应用;组织化学染色法在骨肉瘤诊断中的应用;骨肉瘤的影像诊断;两种灭活方法治疗骨巨细胞瘤疗效比较;同种异体胃移植治疗儿童良性胃肿瘤；经腓骨截骨切除胫骨远端骨软骨瘤16例;[编者按]     

不离体酒精浸泡灭活法治疗原发性恶性骨肿瘤

目的：推荐一种不切断骨在体内酒精灭活治疗原发性恶性骨肿瘤的方法，以缩短治疗周期，延长使用周期和减少骨愈合方面的并发症。方法：利用原发恶性骨肿瘤膝关节上、下高发的特点，解离关节，清除瘤灶，将含瘤骨段套入塑料袋中，并注入９５％ 酒精。灭活后修复缺损的骨，重建关节。共治疗８ 例。结果：获得随访的８ 例，中位时间２３ 个月（８～４２ 个月）。１ 例因软组织复发而截肢，２ 例因肺转移死亡，但无１ 例灭活骨复发，５ 例肢体功能满意。结论：体内酒精灭活治疗原发恶性骨肿瘤是一种较理想的灭活控制局部复发的方法。由于无需骨折愈合，肢体功能恢复满意     

负瘤骨截除后煮沸灭活再植治疗亚性骨肿瘤的临床研究（附16例报告）

用煮沸灭活的方法治疗恶性骨肿瘤１６例，即将截除的瘤段煮沸灭活，然后再植回原位达到保肢的目的。随访１年至４年４个月，健在８例。煮沸灭活之骨都已成活并和主骨愈合。局部感染２例，骨折３例，复发３例，保留后的肢体功能较好。同其它保肢方法如假体、异体骨置换，酒精灭活等比较，此方法具有经济、安全、简单易行等优点，值得推广。     

负瘤骨截除后煮沸灭活再植治疗恶性骨肿瘤的临床研究（附16例报告）

用煮沸灭活的方法治疗恶性骨肿瘤１６例，即将截除的瘤段煮沸灭活，然后再植回原位达到保肢的目的。随访１年至４年４个月，健在８例。煮沸灭活之骨都已成活并和主骨愈合。局部感染２例，骨折３例，复发３例，保留后的肢体功能较好。同其它保肢方法如假体、异体骨置换，酒精灭活等比较，此方法具有经济、安全、简单易行等优点，值得推广。     

40例肢体骨肿瘤及骨转移癌瘤段切除重建

目的 探讨肢体骨肿瘤及骨转移癌行瘤段切除重建的方法和意义。方法 用5种方法30例骨肿瘤患者进行修复重建；(1)瘤段切除关节融合术；(2)瘤段切除异体半关节移植术；(3)瘤段切除人工假体置换术；(4)瘤段切除髓内针骨水泥重建术；(5)瘤灶切刮异体骨、骨水泥修复术。结果 30例骨肿瘤患者中，术后无瘤存活26例，死亡4例，其中2例局部复发而截肢。28例患者患肢功能按Ennekjng骨肿瘤外科治疗后功能评定标准，优良率达83．4％。10例11侧骨转移癌患者术后疼痛消失8例9侧，占81．8％，减轻2例，占19．2％；术后存活3个月以上者9例，占90％；恢复日常活动者8例，占80％。结论 综合评估肢体肿瘤患者的病情，选择合适的手术方法行瘤段切除修复重建，可为患者保留一个具有一定功能的肢体；适度的外科手术对于提高骨转移癌患者终末期的生存质量有积极的意义。     

Oncogénétique et psycho-oncologie, une collaboration recommandée...

Résumé: La possibilité depuis 1994, de connaître la probabilité individuelle de développer certains cancers a permis de proposer de nouvelles modalités de prévention, de traitements et contribué au développement actuel de loncogénétique. Une meilleure connaissance des répercussions psychologiques tant pour les patients que pour les apparentés est désormais possible et limplication des psycho-oncologues dans ce cadre de la réalisation des tests prédictifs, recommandée. La mission de «messager» qui incombe au «cas-index» doit faire lobjet dune attention particulière. La complexité de linformation et la dimension paradoxale que peut avoir parfois la communication à propos des choix, rend difficile lévaluation de la qualité du consentement. La situation particulièrement délicate dune aide à la décision à légard de la chirurgie prophylactique, exige une collaboration étroite des généticiens et des psycho-oncologues.Les soins de support en oncologie     

The role of papillomaviruses in human cancers

This review comprehensively evaluates the influence of gene-gene, gene-environment and multiple interactions on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods of studying these interactions and their limitations have been discussed herein. There is a need to develop biomarkers of exposure and of risk that are sensitive, specific, present in the pathway of the disease, and that have been clinically tested for routine use. The influence of inherited variation (polymorphism) in several genes has been discussed in this review; however, due to study limitations and confounders, it is difficult to conclude which ones are associated with the highest risk (either individually or in combination with environmental factors) to CRC. The majority of the sporadic cancer is believed to be due to modification of mutation risk by other genetic and/or environmental factors. Micronutrient deficiency may explain the association between low consumption of fruit/vegetables and CRC in human studies. Mitochondrial modulation by dietary factors influences the balance between cell renewal and death critical in colon mucosal homeostasis. Both genetic and epigenetic interactions are intricately dependent on each other, and collectively influence the process of colorectal tumorigenesis. The genetic and environmental interactions present a good prospect and a challenge for prevention strategies for CRC because they support the view that this highly prevalent cancer is preventable.     

Antifungal combination therapy in localized candidosis

A mouse model of localized candidosis in air-filled subcutaneous cysts imitating thrush has been developed. We have now tested various antifungal combinations in this animal model. Flucytosine (5-FC) + amphotericin B (Amph B) showed the highest efficacy, a clear additive or even synergistic effect was seen. The combination of 5-FC + imidazole or triazole derivative was less efficacious, an additive effect was rare. The combination of 5-FC + Amph B was also tested against Candida albicans strains showing various degrees of 5-FC-resistance. A significant reduction in 5-FC-resistant mutants was seen after the treatment with the combination.     

Les génériques en cancérologie: à molécule identique, médicaments identiques? Les biosimilaires, des super-génériques?

Résumé: Les biosimilaires vont bientôt voir leur apparition en Europe. Comment un laboratoire peut-il aborder le développement de son dossier dAMM? Quelles sont les bases légales et les recommandations officielles? Comment la similarité et/ou le caractère générique peuvent-ils être démontrés? Les règles sont-elles identiques à celles des produits chimiques conventionnels pour lesquels, notamment en cancérologie, il existe des médicaments génériques? Comment faire pour que la sécurité et lefficacité des médicaments biosimilaires soient assurées pour les patients?     

Cancer immunotherapy

Unprecedented progress has seen made in the last decade in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The recent approval of nivolumab （Opdivo）, the first anti-programmed cell death-1 （PD-1） antibody, for metastatic melanoma in Japan, marked a milestone in the rapidly advancing field of cancer immunotherapy. Nivolumab together with ipilimumab （Yervoy）, the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 （CTLA-4） antibody, are the first 2 drugs in the class of ＂immune checkpoint inhibitors＂ that have delivered impressive responses in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell cancer （RCC） as well as a variety of solid tumors.     

Effect of tumor therapeutic irradiation on the mechanical properties of teeth tissue

Tumor irradiation of the head-neck area is accompanied by the development of a so-called radiation caries in the treated patients. In spite of conservative therapeutic measures, the process results in tooth destruction. The present study investigated the effects of irradiation on the demineralization and remineralization of the dental tissue. For this purpose, retained third molars were prepared and assigned either to a test group, which was exposed to fractional irradiation up to 60 Gy, or to a non-irradiated control group. Irradiated and non-irradiated teeth were then demineralized using acidic hydroxyl-cellulose gel; afterwards the teeth were remineralized using either Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee. The nanoindentation technique was used to measure the mechanical properties, hardness and elasticity, of the teeth in each of the conditions. The values were compared to the non-irradiated control group. Irradiation decreased dramatically the mechanical parameters of enamel and dentine. In nonirradiated teeth, demineralization had nearly the same effects of irradiation on the mechanical properties. In irradiated teeth, the effects of demineralization were negligible in comparison to non-irradiated teeth. Remineralization with Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee led to a partial improvement of the mechanical properties of the teeth. The enamel was more positively affected by remineralization than the dentine.     

Consultation multidisciplinaire pour les patients atteints d’une pathologie tumorale (carcinome infiltrant ou lésion précancéreuse) liée à HPV : la consultation multidisciplinaire papillomavirus

Given the recent increase in the number of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cancers in other locations than gynaecological, the number of patients with two cancers at distinct sites, and because of the lack of exhaustive data, we decided to create a multidisciplinary network around an HPV consultation at the Georges-Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP). This network aims to set up the best tools for detecting HPV-associated “multisite” precancerous lesions in order to determine the possible impact of dedicated care for this at-risk population. This monthly consultation was created at the HEGP in June 2014. It is currently organized around five consultations: gynaecological, ENT, urological, digestive and immunological. Every patient who has been diagnosed with HPV-related cancer and whose care is provided at the HEGP is offered this particular follow-up: systematically, once the initial lesion has been treated, the patient is convened annually for a day during which it benefits from the consultations mentioned above. A consultation with a psychologist is systematically proposed. Local samples are taken at each site: a cytological examination, the analysis of known predictive and prognostic virological markers are carried out. This study fits more broadly in a theme of clinical and fundamental research around cancers related to HPV.     

Differentiation state and invasiveness of human breast cancer cell lines

Summary Eighteen breast cancer cell lines were examined for expression of markers of epithelial and fibroblastic differentiation: E-cadherin, desmoplakins, ZO-1, vimentin, keratin and ₁ and ₄ integrins. The cell lines were distributed along a spectrum of differentiation from epithelial to fibroblastic phenotypes. The most well-differentiated, epithelioid cell lines contained proteins characteristic of desmosomal, adherens and tight junctions, were adherent to one another on plastic and in the basement membrane matrix Matrigel and were keratin-positive and vimentin-negative. These cell lines were all weakly invasive in anin vitro chemoinvasion assay. The most poorly-differentiated, fibroblastic cell lines were E-cadherin-, desmoplakin- and ZO-1-negative and formed branching structures in Matrigel. They were vimentin-positive, contained only low levels of keratins and were highly invasive in thein vitro chemoinvasion assay. Of all of the markers analyzed, vimentin expression correlated best within vitro invasive ability and fibroblastic differentiation. In a cell line with unstable expression of vimentin, T47D_CO, the cells that were invasive were of the fibroblastic type. The differentiation markers described here may be useful for analysis of clinical specimens and could potentially provide a more precise measure of differentiation grade yielding more power for predicting prognosis.