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1.
目的:研究尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织血管内皮生长因子的变化。方法:采用尾悬吊模拟失重,分为悬吊7 d和21 d及相应对照4组,每组10只健康雄性SD大鼠,共40只大鼠。并采用免疫组织化学技术检测肺组织的血管内皮生长因子表达情况。结果:7 d尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织血管内皮生长因子的表达水平明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05),且21 d悬吊组模拟失重大鼠肺组织血管内皮生长因子的表达水平仍较高(P<0.05),但增高程度已明显低于7 d悬吊组。结论:在模拟失重条件下肺组织血管内皮生长因子的表达水平增高,并且随着时间延长增高程度会有所降低.  相似文献   

2.
目的 观察模拟失重对大鼠肺组织显微结构及其一氧化氮合酶(NOS)表达的影响,为模拟失重时肺组织的适应机制研究积累资料.方法 采用Wistar雄性大鼠-30°尾部悬吊模拟失重生理效应.常规光镜和免疫组织化学方法 观察悬吊7 d组(TS7)、14 d组(TS14)及对照组(Con)肺组织显微结构和结构型NOS(cNOS)、诱导型NOS(iNOS)表达.结果 TS7组大鼠出现肺实变、肺水肿、支气管黏膜内淋巴细胞浸润、肺泡内有红细胞及肺泡融合.TS14组大鼠肺病变较TS7组大鼠明显加重,表现为肺泡融合增多、肺泡内更多红细胞和肺泡壁增厚.各组大鼠肺组织cNOS表达区域主要为支气管上皮细胞、血管内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞,各组间表达水平无统计学差异.iNOS表达在TS7、TS14组血管内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞表达显著增多,其中TS14组血管内皮细胞表达量高于TS7组.结论 模拟失重大鼠肺组织形态学变化可能与肺循环iNOS表达增加有关.  相似文献   

3.
尾悬吊模拟失重对雌性大鼠生殖功能的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
目的: 探讨模拟失重对雌性大鼠生殖功能的影响及其发生机制,为太空探索者的健康保护提供可借鉴的科学线索。方法: 利用尾部悬吊法建立模拟失重状态大鼠模型;选取Wistar雌性大鼠72只,随机均分为6组,3个实验组分别为:模拟失重7 d组、模拟失重14 d组和模拟失重21 d组;3个对照组是与模拟失重组相对应的自由活动组。应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清中雌二醇(E2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)和黄体生成素(LH)水平;HE染色观察卵巢组织结构,特异性脂褐素染色观察卵巢组织衰老状况;逆转录定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术检测细胞衰老相关分子端粒酶逆转录酶(TERT)、p53、p16、p21和P27的mRNA表达水平;免疫组织化学方法检测P53、P16、P21和P27的蛋白表达;随机取健康雄性大鼠分别与各组雌性大鼠合笼,比较生育仔鼠数量和存活率。结果: 与各对照组相比, 模拟失重7 d组、14 d组和21 d组大鼠血清中E2下降,FSH和LH上升(P<0.05);大鼠卵巢组织卵泡数量明显减少,卵巢组织发生细胞衰老现象,细胞衰老相关分子TERT mRNA表达被抑制(P<0.05),衰老相关的细胞周期调控分子p53、p16、p21和p27在mRNA和蛋白水平表达均升高(P<0.05)。各模拟失重组雌性大鼠生育的仔鼠数量较相应的对照组明显减少(P<0.05),仔鼠存活率显著下降(P<0.01)。结论: 尾悬吊模拟失重导致雌性大鼠生殖功能下降,该现象与模拟失重诱导卵巢组织细胞衰老和下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴内分泌功能紊乱相关。  相似文献   

4.
观察模拟失重对大鼠海马齿状回神经发生的影响,为进一步阐明模拟失重对成年大鼠海马齿状回神经发生影响的规律及其相关生物学机制提供基本的实验依据。采用尾部悬吊法建立大鼠模拟失重模型,通过5-溴-2’-脱氧尿苷(5-bromo-2’-de-oxyuridine,BrdU)标记分裂细胞、微管相关蛋白(doublecortin,DCX)标记神经干细胞、神经元核蛋白(NeuN)标记神经元及胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)标记神经胶质细胞的单、双重免疫组织化学染色方法比较尾部悬吊后7、14、28d模拟失重组大鼠与相应时间对照组大鼠之间海马齿状回神经前体细胞增殖、迁移和分化的情况。结果显示:模拟失重后7、14d尾部悬吊法模拟失重大鼠齿状回的BrdU免疫阳性细胞数目较相应对照组明显减少(P<0.01),而模拟失重后28d时两组大鼠齿状回BrdU免疫阳性细胞数目无显著差异(P>0.05)。本研究结果提示,模拟失重可抑制海马齿状回神经发生的水平。  相似文献   

5.
模拟失重对大鼠比目鱼肌肌重和形态结构的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的 研究模拟失重对大鼠抗重力肌—比目鱼肌的湿重、干重及形态结构的影响.方法 采用健康雌性Sprague-Dawlwy大鼠117只,按照体重配对原则随机分悬吊各组及其各自的对照组.采用组织学方法和透射电镜观察尾部悬吊法模拟失重状态下,比目鱼肌干、湿重体重比的变化,以及肌纤维的光镜结构与超微结构的变化.结果 与对照组相比,比目鱼肌干重体重比、湿重体重比在悬吊7d组即明显下降,悬吊14d组达峰值,此后有所回升.悬吊14d后的比目鱼肌,光镜下肌束结构紊乱,肌纤维面积和面积构成减少,肌纤维间间隙加大,结缔组织增生.电镜下可见肌原纤维分解,局部溶解,Z线排列紊乱、中断,肥厚层破坏,部分的纹带中出现坏死区.以上变化在解除悬吊7d时不能完全恢复.结论 尾部悬吊可致大鼠比目鱼肌萎缩,光镜结构和超微结构出现异常改变.  相似文献   

6.
目的:通过建立大鼠慢性缺氧心肌肥大模型,探讨慢性缺氧致大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的发生规律及其机制.方法:将大鼠随机分为慢性缺氧组和正常对照组,每组30只,慢性缺氧组置于氧浓度为(10.0±0.5)%的大型玻璃舱中,分别持续缺氧14、21、28 d,分别于第14、21、28 d处死大鼠,取心脏称重,留右心室,进行形态学观察,分析心肌细胞凋亡形态及计量,检测肌球蛋白β重链(B-MHC)、原癌基因B淋巴细胞瘤-2(bcl-2)、Bad等mRNA及Bcl-2、Bad蛋白的表达水平.结果:(1)慢性缺氧14、21、28 d组大鼠右心室/(左心室+室间隔)[RV/(LV+s)]、右心室/体重(RV/BW)比值及右心室β-MHC mRNA和蛋白表达均明显高于正常对照组(均P<0.01),并且随时间延长而增高(均P<0.01).(2)慢性缺氧心肌细胞凋亡指数14、21、28 d组大鼠均明显高于正常对照组(均P<0.01),且随着时间的延长而增加(均P<0.01).(3)慢性缺氧14、21、28 d组大鼠右心室bcl-2 mRNA表达和Bcl-2蛋白表达均明显低于正常对照组(均P<0.05),缺氧28 d组bcl-2 mRNA表达和Bcl-2蛋白表达较缺氧14 d组显著降低(均P<0.05).慢性缺氧14、21、28 d组大鼠右心室bad mRNA表达和Bad蛋白表达与正常对照组比较无明显改变(均P>0.05).(4)慢性缺氧14、21、28 d组大鼠右心室bcl-2/bad比值均明显低于正常对照组(均P<0.05),缺氧28 d组bcl-2/bad比值较缺氧14 d组显著降低(P<0.05).结论:慢性缺氧可以诱导大鼠右心室心肌细胞凋亡和心肌肥大,且大鼠右心室心肌细胞凋亡和心肌肥大程度随着缺氧时间的延长而增加.慢性缺氧通过抑制大鼠右心室心肌细胞抗凋亡基因bcl-2表达,使bcl-2/bad比值下调,打破原有的平衡,导致心肌细胞凋亡.  相似文献   

7.
目的:研究二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)对模拟失重大鼠红细胞膜流动性的影响.方法:将30只健康SD大鼠随机分为地面对照组(Ⅰ)、悬吊对照组(Ⅱ)和悬吊实验组(Ⅲ).悬吊实验组鼠料中添加DHA、 EPA , 其他2组为普通鼠料.悬挂40 d后利用激光衍射法测定红细胞变形指数、取向指数, 荧光偏振法测定红细胞膜流动性, 硫代巴比妥酸荧光法测定红细胞膜脂质过氧化物(LP0), 激光共聚焦显微镜观测红细胞纤维型肌动蛋白的改变及含量.结果:失重下大鼠红细胞的变形指数、取向指数以及红细胞膜的流动性明显降低( P<0.05), LPO增加, 红细胞形态和骨架发生改变, F-actin含量明显降低(P<0.05).结论:在模拟失重条件下, 红细胞膜流动性降低, DHA、 EPA可拮抗损伤作用, 对红细胞膜具有较强的保护作用.  相似文献   

8.
Zan LK  Song YJ  Teng GX  Li H  Liu W  Jia Y  Zhou M  Sun YL  Qi JP 《中华病理学杂志》2011,40(12):834-839
目的 探讨大鼠脑缺血后血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和血管生成素(angiopoietin,Ang)的表达变化及其在血管生成和血管通透性变化中的作用.方法 选择160只雄性SD大鼠,采用随机区组法分为假手术组,缺血2h、6h、12h、1d、3d、7d和14d组,用线栓法制作大脑中动脉阻塞脑缺血损伤模型,分别于脑缺血后不同时间点处死大鼠.通过逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)、Western blot及免疫组织化学方法检测大鼠脑缺血后不同时间点VEGF、Ang-1及Ang-2 mRNA和蛋白的表达变化.CD31标记鼠脑缺血后不同时间点的血管数量.Evans blue检测血脑屏障通透性.结果 大鼠脑缺血后VEGF mRNA表达逐渐增高,12 h达第一个高峰(0.7249 ±0.1933,P<0.01),7d达第二个高峰(0.5264±0.1519,P<0.01);VEGF蛋白表达也逐渐增高,于12 h达高峰(1.1017±0.1302,P<0.01).Ang-2 mRNA和蛋白在脑缺血组织也逐渐增高,均12 h达高峰(0.6747±0.2416,P<0.01;1.1197±0.1780,P<0.01).与之相反,Ang-1 mRNA和蛋白表达逐渐降低,分别于3 d(0.3220±0.1427,P<0.01)和1 d(0.1298±0.0293,P<0.01)达最低水平,这些因子在脑缺血后的表达促进血管生成.脑缺血后血管通透性逐渐增加,EB含量在缺血1d达高峰[(6.219±0.887) μg/g,P<0.01].结论 大鼠脑缺血后VEGF、Ang-1和Ang-2共同协调作用促进血管生成,在组织损伤修复过程中发挥着重要的作用.  相似文献   

9.
目的 研究细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)在尾吊模拟失重后Wistar大鼠股动脉的相性和紧张性收缩反应中的作用.方法 利用离体血管环灌流技术,在无抑制剂存在或给予丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶(MEK)抑制剂PD98059后,以Powerlab记录仪检测并记录大鼠股动脉对去甲肾上腺素(NE)的收缩反应,比较两组间收缩反应的曲线下面积(AUC)、相性和紧张性收缩反应.结果 尾吊14 d后,与对照比较,NE诱导的收缩反应的曲线下面积、相性和紧张性收缩反应均下降.PD98059 没有显著影响尾吊后大鼠股动脉收缩反应的AUC,但却显著降低了对照组大鼠股动脉收缩反应的AUC.与对照组比较,PD98059对尾吊后大鼠股动脉的相性和紧张性收缩反应的抑制率明显下降.此外,在对照组,PD98059在血管相性和紧张性收缩反应中的抑制率间差异并无统计学意义(P>0.05),但在悬吊组其差异则有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 尾吊模拟失重后,ERK在大鼠股动脉相性和紧张性收缩反应中的作用均下降.尾吊诱发的模拟失重效应可能通过抑制ERK在大鼠股动脉粗、细肌丝调节中的作用从而损伤其收缩反应.  相似文献   

10.
背景:尾悬吊模拟失重可造成骨丢失,骨髓基质干细胞增殖能力与分化方向也直接影响着骨髓腔内细胞水平骨代谢的平衡并最终改变骨的质量。 目的:观察尾悬吊大鼠骨髓基质干细胞体外向成骨细胞和脂肪细胞分化的能力及相关因子的表达。 方法:SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、尾悬吊组。取大鼠骨髓细胞体外培养,传1代后分别向成骨细胞和脂肪细胞两个方向诱导分化,成骨组第16天行碱性磷酸酶染色,第28天检测细胞外基质矿化能力,real-time PCR法检测第28天骨形态发生蛋白2 mRNA的表达,成脂组第21天检测脂蛋白酯酶的比活性及mRNA的表达,第30天油红O法检测脂滴形成能力。 结果及结论:尾悬吊组大鼠骨髓基质干细胞成骨分化早期碱性磷酸酶阳性细胞表达率显著高于对照组,但分化晚期骨形态发生蛋白2 mRNA的表达水平及细胞外基质矿化能力较对照组显著降低;尾悬吊大鼠骨髓基质干细胞成脂分化过程中脂蛋白酯酶的表达、比活性及脂滴形成能力均显著高于对照组。说明尾悬吊可潜在刺激骨髓基质干细胞早期成骨分化能力,但显著抑制其矿化能力,从而抑制成骨,其机制可能与抑制骨形态发生蛋白2的表达有关;可显著促进骨髓基质干细胞向脂肪细胞分化。尾悬吊造成大鼠骨量的丢失可能与其对骨髓基质干细胞分化方向的影响有关。  相似文献   

11.
Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.  相似文献   

12.
Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc2 (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.  相似文献   

13.
About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread epidemics of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a panhypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of substrate beriberi and substrate pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse endemic disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for primates. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.  相似文献   

14.
15.
There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.  相似文献   

16.
Newton H 《Medical history》2011,55(2):153-182
Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.  相似文献   

17.
Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.  相似文献   

18.
The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.  相似文献   

19.
HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.  相似文献   

20.
Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.  相似文献   

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