缺血预处理前加用腺苷对未成熟兔心肌再灌注损伤的影响

目的和方法:建立3-4周龄幼兔离体心脏左心作功模型,心脏缺血期间均间断灌注心脏停搏液,研究缺血预处理前加用腺苷对未成熟兔再灌注心肌的保护作用并探讨其机制。结果:再灌注期,缺血预处理前加用腺苷的心脏的左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室内压上升最大速率(+dp/dt_max)和左室内压下降最大速率(-dp/dt_max)恢复最佳,肌酸激酶(CK)漏出率低,心肌组织丙二醛(MDA)含量低、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性高,心肌组织三磷酸腺苷和二磷酸腺苷(ATP+ADP)含量高;心肌含水量(MWC)低。结论:缺血预处理前加用腺苷能强化缺血预处理对未成熟兔再灌注心肌的保护作用。     

STAT3介导缺血后处理心肌保护作用的研究

目的研究大鼠心肌经历缺血再灌注损伤后心功能指标的变化,探讨缺血后处理是否具有保护作用,并探寻STAT3在其中的作用机制。方法SD大鼠32只,随机分为4组：对照组、缺血再灌注组、缺血后处理组、缺血后处理组＋NSC-74859（STAT3抑制剂）组。建立大鼠离体心脏工作模型,观察心脏在各组条件下心率、LVSP、＋dp／dtmax、-dp／dtmax、冠脉流量的变化及心肌酶谱的改变。结果缺血后处理组与缺血再灌注组相比,复灌期心率,冠脉流出液中CK及LDH的含量明显降低,左室收缩压、左心室压力变化率、冠状动脉流出量明显升高。而抑制STAT3表达后,此保护效应明显减弱。结论缺血后处理有助于减轻缺血再灌注所致心肌损伤,这一作用由STAT3转录因子介导。     

有机磷农药敌敌畏和对硫磷所致大鼠循环衰竭时的血流动力学特征

目的：在胆碱酯酶抑制剂（ChEI）类有机磷农药敌敌畏、对硫磷所致大鼠循环衰竭模型上，观察循环衰竭前后大鼠血流动力学及心电图变化，旨在阐明有机磷农药中毒引起的循环衰竭的血流动力学特征。方法:健康Wistar雄性大鼠，体重（320±20） g，腹腔注射累积染毒，直至平均动脉压（MBP）降至45 mmHg为循环衰竭标准。观察循环衰竭前后血流动力学指标及心电图变化。结果:2种农药所致大鼠循环衰竭时，收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、平均血压（MBP）、心率（HR）、左室内压上升段最大变化速率（+dp/dt_max）、心肌纤维缩短速度（Vpm）以及+dp/dt_max与等容收缩期压力（IP）的比值（+dp/dt_max/IP）均显著低于染毒前，反映心脏舒张功能的左室舒张压（LVDP)、左室内压下降段最大变化速率（-dp/dt_max）、IP均显著高于染毒前（P<0.01）;心电图显示心率缓慢，心律失常。结论:有机磷农药导致大鼠循环衰竭时心率、心脏收缩功能和舒张功能均显著下降，心脏起搏与传导功能受损。     

地奥心血康对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的抗脂质过氧化作用的研究

目的:揭示地奥心血康(DK)对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的抗氧化作用与机制。方法:用成年杂种犬复制心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型。多道生理记录仪监测心功能指标;酶法测定AST、CK、LDH含量;荧光法测血清与心肌细胞膜MDA含量;电子自旋共振(ESR)记录微分谱线进行体外羟自由基捕捉实验。结果:①生理盐水对照(NS)组随着缺血再灌注时间的延长,LVSP,±dp/dt_max呈进行性下降;而DK组缺血再灌注后LVSP和±dp/dt_max虽有下降,但显著高于NS组(P＜0.05);②血清中AST,CK,LDH含量随缺血/再灌时间延长均增高,于再灌120min后DK显著低于NS组(P＜0.05);③血清MDA含量于再灌注240min时DK组显著低于NS组(P＜0.05);④DK组心肌细胞膜MDA含量也显著地低于NS组(P＜0.05);⑤在DK浓度为0.71%、1.43%和2.14%时,羟自由基强度分别减少66%、80%和100%。结论:DK对心肌缺血再灌注损伤犬的心功能和心肌细胞膜有明显的保护作用,其很强的清除羟自由基的功能是实现这种保护效应的重要机制。     

缺血后处理对离体大鼠心肌线粒体功能的影响

目的：建立离体大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤模型,观察缺血后处理对大鼠心肌线粒体功能的影响,并探讨线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道（mitoK_ATP）在缺血后处理心肌保护中的作用。方法：采用Langendorff装置建立离体大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤模型。将SD大鼠随机分为对照组（C）、模型组（M）、缺血后处理组（IPO）、5-羟癸酸拮抗缺血后处理组（5-HD+IPO）,每组8只。各组均先灌注平衡20 min,C组：续灌70 min;M组：缺血前灌注4 ℃ St.Thomas停跳液（10 mL/kg）,全心缺血40 min,复灌30 min;IPO组：全心缺血40 min,复灌前先开放10 s,缺血10 s,反复6次,时间为2 min,复灌28 min;5-HD+IPO组：缺血后处理前给予含5-羟癸酸（100 μmol/L）的K-H液灌注5 min,余同IPO组,复灌23 min。观察各组平衡末与再灌注末心肌线粒体膜电位、氧自由基及呼吸功能的变化。结果：(1) 各组再灌注末心肌线粒体膜电位较平衡末显著降低,而C组显著高于其它3组,IPO组明显高于5-HD+IPO与M组,5-HD +IPO组高于M组。(2) 各组再灌注末与平衡末比较,心肌线粒体氧自由基含量显著升高,其中M组显著高于其它3组,5-HD +IPO组高于IPO及C组,IPO组高于C组。(3) 各组再灌注末较平衡末线粒体呼吸功能明显受损,且C组优于其它3组,IPO组优于5-HD+IPO与M组,5-HD +IPO组优于M组。结论：(1) 缺血后处理通过维护线粒体膜电位稳定、减少线粒体氧自由基的产生、保护线粒体呼吸链及功能,减轻心肌的再灌注损伤。(2) 5-HD不能完全阻断缺血后处理的心肌保护作用。(3) 缺血后处理的心肌保护效应可通过激活心肌mitoK_ATP实现,同时还有其它因素参与了缺血后处理的心肌保护。     

非兴奋性电刺激对正常及心肌梗死兔心功能的影响及其作用的局部性

目的:观察于绝对不应期发放电刺激对正常和心肌梗死(MI)兔在体心脏心功能的影响及其对心肌作用的局部性。方法:64只家兔随机分为正常组和MI组两大组,每组又分为前壁和后壁两组。复制MI模型,4周后每组开胸,窦性心律下,分别于前壁组和后壁组的左心室前壁和后壁,发放绝对不应期方波电刺激(CCM)。观察左心室收缩压(LVSP)左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)及其微分(±dp/dt_max)的变化。结果:正常组前壁和后壁CCM刺激时LVSP及+dp/dt_max均显著大于刺激前(P<0.05),LVEDP低于、-dp/dt_max负值大于刺激前(P<0.05),且不同部位的CCM刺激对心功能的影响不同,左心室前壁的上述作用大于后壁(P<0.05);MI组前壁和后壁CCM刺激时LVSP及+dp/dt_max亦大于刺激前(P<0.05),LVEDP低于、-dp/dt_max负值亦大于刺激前(P<0.05),但前后壁两组之间无显著差别(P＞0.05)。结论:于绝对不应期发放电刺激能明显增强正常和MI后心肌的收缩和舒张功能,CCM刺激对心肌的作用是局部性的。     

心肌缺血预处置对心肌组织11,12-二十碳三烯酸的影响

目的: 观察心肌缺血预处置和再灌注损伤时心肌内源性11,12-环氧二十碳三烯酸(11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoicacid, 11,12-EET)的改变, 探讨内源性11,12-EET在缺血预处置中的作用。方法: 使用雄性Wistar大鼠,通过结扎(60 min)和松开(30 min)冠状动脉左前降支, 复制心肌缺血/再灌注模型; 采用缺血5 min, 再灌注5 min两次造成缺血预处置。实验分5组: ①假手术组(sham); ②缺血再灌注组(I/R); ③短阵缺血预处置组(SI); ④短阵缺血预处置缺血/再灌注组(SI+I/R)。采用气相色谱法测定心肌11,12-EET的含量, 并观察再灌注过程中心功能的变化。结果: I/R组+dp/dt_max、-dp/dt_max以及LVDP均低于、心肌11,12-EET高于sham组及SI+I/R组(P<0.01); 而SI+I/R组心肌11,12-EET也高于sham组(P<0.01)。结论: 整体动物心肌再灌注使大量内源性11,12-EET释放, 是再灌注损伤机制之一;缺血预处置抑制再灌注时心肌11,12-EET的增加, 可能与缺血预处置心肌保护作用有关。     

缺血预处理经抑制p53表达减轻缺血再灌后大鼠海马神经元损伤

目的：观察缺血预处理能否对大鼠缺血再灌注后海马CA1区神经元凋亡起拮抗作用，并探讨p53基因在其中的作用。 方法： 复制全脑缺血再灌注及缺血预处理模型，利用HE染色，流式细胞仪，RT-PCR和免疫组化方法检测海马CA1区锥体细胞形态学变化、神经元凋亡百分率及p53基因表达。 结果：缺血预处理（IPC）组的神经元存活数目［(217±9)/0.72 mm²］明显高于单纯缺血再灌注（IR）组［(29±5)/0.72 mm²］，P＜0.01；IPC组的凋亡百分率(2.07%±0.21%)显著低于IR组(4.26%±0.08%), P＜0.01; IPC组p53基因表达显著弱于IR组。 结论： 缺血预处理可通过抑制p53基因表达，从而抑制大鼠海马神经元凋亡，对缺血神经元起保护作用。     

COX-2抑制剂通过非COX依赖性途径对抗心肌氧化损伤

目的： 研究环加氧酶2（COX-2）抑制剂尼美舒利和COX-1抑制剂比罗昔康在对抗心肌氧化应激损伤中的作用及其机制。方法: 离体大鼠心脏行Langendorff灌流，分别给予H₂O₂、pyrogallol（可产生超氧阴离子）或Vit C+Fe2+（可产生羟自由基），观察心脏收缩功能、心肌LDH和MDA含量。心肌COX的活性用PGI₂的稳定产物6-Keto-PGF_1α的含量表示。结果: 尼美舒利（3 mg/kg）可明显减轻H₂O₂引起的收缩功能下降（10 min 应激时LVDP为72%±10% vs 61%±11%，P<0.05），减少LDH释放［（5.5±2.5）U/L vs （8.0±2.1）U/L，P<0.05）］。而比罗昔康（3 mg/kg）虽然能抑制H2O2应激时LVDP的下降（73%±10% vs 61%±11%，P<0.05），却加重LVEDP的上抬［（29.00±5.61）mmHg vs（23.16±3.57） mmHg，P<0.01］。尼美舒利亦能减轻超氧阴离子和羟自由基引起的心肌损伤作用。尼美舒利和比罗昔康预处理对H₂O₂应激心肌6-Keto-PGF_1α含量无明显影响。线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道（mitochondrial ATP sensitive potassium channel，mitoK_ATP）的阻断剂5-HD可取消尼美舒利减轻H₂O₂引起的LVDP和±dp/dt_max降低作用（分别为53%±12% vs 69%±3%、58%±11% vs 72%±7%和37%±8% vs 51%±4%，P<0.01）。结论: COX-2抑制剂尼美舒利可以对抗心肌氧化损伤，其机制通过非COX依赖性途径发挥作用，而mitoK_ATP可能参与尼美舒利的保护作用。     

氟伐他汀对缺血再灌注损伤兔心肌细胞间粘附分子的影响

目的:探讨氟伐他汀短期预处理对缺血再灌注损伤兔心肌的保护作用及其机制。方法:日本大耳白兔21只随机分为3组:①假手术对照组(Sham组),②缺血再灌注组(IR组),③氟伐他汀干预组(F组)。实验中持续监测左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张末压(LWEDP)、左室内收缩压最大上升速率和下降速率(±dp/dtmax)的变化,再灌注结束后用伊文氏蓝和TTC染色法确定缺血和梗死心肌范围,用RT-PCR进行心肌局部ICAM-1 mRNA表达测定。结果:缺血再灌注后,F组上述心功能各项指标较IR组明显改善,心肌组织ICAM-1 mRNA水平较IR组显著降低;心肌梗死面积较IR组明显减小。结论:氟伐他汀短期预处理可降低心肌缺血再灌注后心肌ICAM-1 mRNA表达,降低心肌梗死程度,改善心功能,对心肌缺血再灌注损伤有明显的保护作用。     

Anti-arrhythmic effect of diosgenin in reperfusion-induced myocardial injury in a rat model: activation of nitric oxide system and mitochondrial KATP channel

This study was designed to investigate the anti-arrhythmic effect of diosgenin preconditioning in myocardial reperfusion injury in rat, focusing on the involvement of the nitric oxide (NO) system and mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium (mitoK_ATP) channels in this scenario. After isolation of the hearts of male Wister rats, the study was conducted in an isolated buffer-perfused heart model. Global ischemia (for 30 min) was induced by interruption of the aortic supply, which was followed by 90-min reperfusion. Throughout the experiment, the electrocardiograms of hearts were monitored using three golden surface electrodes connected to a data acquisition system. Arrhythmias were assessed based on the Lambeth convention and were categorized as number, duration and incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), and premature ventricular complexes (PVC), and arrhythmic score. Additionally, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in coronary effluent were estimated colorimetrically. Diosgenin pre-administration for 20 min before ischemia reduced the LDH release into the coronary effluent, as compared with control hearts (P < 0.05). In addition, the diosgenin-receiving group showed a lower number of PVC, VT and VF, a reduced duration and incidence of VT and VF, and less severe arrhythmia at reperfusion phase, in comparison with controls. Blocking the mitoK_ATP channels using 5-hydroxydecanoate as well as inhibiting the NO system through prior administration of l-NAME significantly reduced the positive effects of diosgenin. Our finding showed that pre-administration of diosgenin could provide cardioprotection through anti-arrhythmic effects against ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts. In addition, mitoK_ATP channels and NO system may be the key players in diosgenin-induced cardioprotective mechanisms.     

Cardiac sodium/calcium exchanger preconditioning promotes anti-arrhythmic and cardioprotective effects through mitochondrial calcium-activated potassium channel

Background: Reverse-mode of the Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger (NCX) stimulation provides cardioprotective effects for the ischemic/reperfused heart during ischemic preconditioning (IP). This study was designed to test the hypothesis that pretreatment with an inhibitor of cardiac delayed-rectifying K⁺ channel (I_Kr), E4031, increases reverse-mode of NCX activity, and triggers preconditioning against infarct size (IS) and arrhythmias caused by ischemia/reperfusion injury through mitoK_Ca channels. Materials and methods: In the isolated perfused rat heart, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury was created by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. Two cycles of coronary occlusion for 5 min and reperfusion were performed, or pretreatment with E4031 or sevoflurane (Sevo) before the 30 min occlusion with the reversed-mode of NCX inhibitor (KB-R7943) or not. Results: E4031 or Sevo preconditioning not only markedly decreased IS but also reduced arrhythmias, which was significantly blunted by KB-R7943. Furthermore, these effects of E4031 preconditioning on IS and arrhythmias were abolished by inhibition of the mitoK_Ca channels. Similarly, pretreatment with NS1619, an opener of the mitoK_Ca channels, for 10 min before occlusion reduced both the infarct size and arrhythmias caused by ischemia/reperfusion. However, these effects weren’t affected by blockade of the NCX with KB-R7943. Conclusion: Taken together, these preliminary results conclude that pretreatment with E4031 reduces infarct size and produces anti-arrhythmic effect via stimulating the reverse-mode NCX, and that the mitoK_Ca channels mediate the protective effects.     

Catestatin reduces myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury: involvement of PI3K/Akt, PKCs, mitochondrial KATP channels and ROS signalling

Catestatin (CST) limits myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury with unknown mechanisms. Clearly phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, including intra-mitochondrial PKCε, mitochondrial K_ATP (mitoK_ATP) channels and subsequent reactive oxygen species (ROS)-signalling play important roles in postconditioning cardioprotection, preventing mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. Therefore, we studied the role of these extra- and intra-mitochondrial factors in CST-induced protection. Isolated rat hearts and H9c2 cells underwent I/R and oxidative stress, respectively. In isolated hearts CST (75nM, CST-Post) given in early-reperfusion significantly reduced infarct size, limited post-ischaemic contracture, and improved recovery of developed left ventricular pressure. PI3K inhibitor, LY-294002 (LY), large spectrum PKC inhibitor, Chelerythrine (CHE), specific PKCε inhibitor (εV1-2), mitoK_ATP channel blocker, 5-Hydroxydecanoate (5HD) or ROS scavenger, 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG) abolished the infarct-sparing effect of CST. Notably the CST-induced contracture limitation was maintained during co-infusion of 5HD, MPG or εV1-2, but it was lost during co-infusion of LY or CHE. In H9c2 cells challenged with H₂O₂, mitochondrial depolarization (an index of mPTP opening studied with JC1-probe) was drastically limited by CST (75nM). Our results suggest that the protective signalling pathway activated by CST includes mitoK_ATP channels, ROS signalling and prevention of mPTP opening, with a central role for upstream PI3K/Akt and PKCs. In fact, all inhibitors completely abolished CST-infarct-sparing effect. Since CST-anti-contracture effect cannot be explained by intra-mitochondrial mechanisms (PKCε activation and mitoK_ATP channel opening) or ROS signalling, it is proposed that these downstream signals are part of a reverberant loop which re-activates upstream PKCs, which therefore play a pivotal role in CST-induced protection.     

Activation of big conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BK) protects the heart against ischemia–reperfusion injury

Activation of the large-conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channel (BK) in the cardiac inner mitochondrial membrane has been suggested to protect the heart against ischemic injury. However, these findings are limited by the low selectivity profile and potency of the BK channel activator (NS1619) used. In the present study, we address the cardioprotective role of BK channels using a novel, potent, selective, and chemically unrelated BK channel activator, NS11021. Using electrophysiological recordings of heterologously expressed channels, NS11021 was found to activate BK α + β1 channel complexes, while producing no effect on cardiac K_ATP channels. The cardioprotective effects of NS11021-induced BK channel activation were studied in isolated, perfused rat hearts subjected to 35 min of global ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. 3 μM NS11021 applied prior to ischemia or at the onset of reperfusion significantly reduced the infarct size [control: 44.6 ± 2.0%; NS11021: 11.4 ± 2.0%; NS11021 at reperfusion: 19.8 ± 3.3% (p < 0.001 for both treatments compared to control)] and promoted recovery of myocardial performance. Co-administration of the BK-channel inhibitor paxilline (3 μM) antagonized the protective effect. These findings suggest that tissue damage induced by ischemia and reperfusion can be reduced by activation of cardiac BK channels.     

Role of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel-mediated PKC-ε in delayed protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated hearts of sevoflurane-preconditioned rats

This study aimed to determine the role of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (mitoK_ATP) channels and protein kinase C (PKC)-ε in the delayed protective effects of sevoflurane preconditioning using Langendorff isolated heart perfusion models. Fifty-four isolated perfused rat hearts were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=9). The rats were exposed for 60 min to 2.5% sevoflurane (the second window of protection group, SWOP group) or 33% oxygen inhalation (I/R group) 24 h before coronary occlusion. The control group (CON) and the sevoflurane group (SEVO) group were exposed to 33% oxygen and 2.5% sevoflurane for 60 min, respectively, without coronary occlusion. The mitoK_ATP channel inhibitor 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) was given 30 min before sevoflurane preconditioning (5-HD+SWOP group). Cardiac function indices, infarct sizes, serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations, and the expression levels of phosphorylated PKC-ε (p-PKC-ε) and caspase-8 were measured. Cardiac function was unchanged, p-PKC-ε expression was upregulated, caspase-8 expression was downregulated, cTnI concentrations were decreased, and the infarcts were significantly smaller (P<0.05) in the SWOP group compared with the I/R group. Cardiac function was worse, p-PKC-ε expression was downregulated, caspase-8 expression was upregulated, cTnI concentration was increased and infarcts were larger in the 5-HD+SWOP group (P<0.05) compared with the SWOP group. The results suggest that mitoK_ATP channels are involved in the myocardial protective effects of sevoflurane in preconditioning against I/R injury, by regulating PKC-ε phosphorylation before ischemia, and by downregulating caspase-8 during reperfusion.     

A preliminary study on the cardioprotection of acupuncture pretreatment in rats with ischemia and reperfusion: involvement of cardiac beta-adrenoceptors

The purpose of this study was to determine the cardioprotective effects of the repetitive pretreatment of acupuncture in rats with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (MIR). Experimental MIR was produced by ligating and reperfusing the left anterior descending coronary artery in the rats. The elevated ST segments of electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac arrhythmias, and ratio of infarct size/risk zone were compared among the normal control (NC), ischemia and reperfusion (IR), electro-acupuncture (EA), electro-acupuncture plus propranolol (EAP), and EA at nonacupoint (EAN) groups. Before the experiment, EA was applied at bilateral Neiguan acupoints (PC6) in the forelimbs in EA and EAP groups for 30 min once a day for 3 consecutive days. In the EAN group, the same EA treatment was administered at bilateral nonacupoints in the hind limbs. In the EAP group, propranolol, a nonspecific antagonist of beta-adrenoceptors, was administered intraperitoneally 15 min before each EA pretreatment. The results showed that the elevated ST segment of ECG, cardiac arrhythmia score, and ratio of infarct size/risk zone were significantly attenuated in the EA group when compared with those in the IR group (P < 0.05), indicating a cardioprotection of EA pretreatment. When propranolol was given before each EA pretreatment in the EAP group, the cardioprotective effect of EA pretreatment was abolished, showing an involvement of beta-adrenoceptors in mediating the effect of EA pretreatment. There was no significant cardioprotective effect observed in the EAN group. The results suggest that pretreatment may be a better way to apply acupuncture in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease.     

Remote preconditioning,perconditioning, and postconditioning: a comparative study of their cardioprotective properties in rat models

OBJECTIVE:

Ischemia reperfusion injury is partly responsible for the high mortality associated with induced myocardial injury and the reduction in the full benefit of myocardial reperfusion. Remote ischemic preconditioning, perconditioning, and postconditioning have all been shown to be cardioprotective. However, it is still unknown which one is the most beneficial. To examine this issue, we used adult male Wistar rat ischemia reperfusion models to compare the cardioprotective effect of these three approaches applied on double-sided hind limbs.

METHODS:

The rats were randomly distributed to the following five groups: sham, ischemia reperfusion, remote preconditioning, remote perconditioning, and remote post-conditioning. The ischemia/reperfusion model was established by sternotomy followed by a 30-min ligation of the left coronary artery and a subsequent 3-h reperfusion. Remote conditioning was induced with three 5-min ischemia/5-min reperfusion cycles of the double-sided hind limbs using a tourniquet.

RESULTS:

A lower early reperfusion arrhythmia score (1.50±0.97) was found in the rats treated with remote perconditioning compared to those in the ischemia reperfusion group (2.33±0.71). Meanwhile, reduced infarct size was also observed (15.27±5.19% in remote perconditioning, 14.53±3.45% in remote preconditioning, and 19.84±5.85% in remote post-conditioning vs. 34.47±7.13% in ischemia reperfusion, p<0.05), as well as higher expression levels of the apoptosis-relevant protein Bcl-2/Bax following global (ischemia/reperfusion) injury in in vivo rat heart models (1.255±0.053 in remote perconditioning, 1.463±0.290 in remote preconditioning, and 1.461±0.541 in remote post-conditioning vs. 1.003±0.159 in ischemia reperfusion, p<0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Three remote conditioning strategies implemented with episodes of double-sided hind limb ischemia/reperfusion have similar therapeutic potential for cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, and remote perconditioning has a greater ability to prevent reperfusion arrhythmia.     

磷酯酶A2抑制剂DTNB对大鼠心肌 缺血再灌注心律失常的影响

目的:研究非钙依赖性的磷脂酶A₂ (PLA₂)和ATP敏感性钾通道(K_ATP)在大鼠心肌缺血再灌注(I/R)心律失常中的作用。方法:结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支造成缺血10 min,然后放开再灌注10 min。在心肌缺血前5 min分别给予PLA₂抑制剂5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)(DTNB)(16 mg/kg),K_ATP开放剂pinacidil(0.2 mg/kg),K_ATP阻断剂glibenclamide(0.3 mg/kg)。结果:与对照组相比,DTNB可降低心律失常评分、磷酸肌酸激酶(CPK)和乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)值(P＜0.05);而glibenclamide对I/R心律失常无影响,但升高CPK,LDH值(P＜0.05);与glibenclamide组比,在glibenclamide阻断K_ATP后,DTNB可引起致死性心律失常,并可升高LDH值(P＜0.05);pinacidil可完全抑制I/R引起的室颤和室速。结论:PLA₂抑制剂DTNB可减轻I/R损伤,表明PLA₂在I/R心律失常中起着重要作用,同时也表明激活的K_ATP具有抗I/R心律失常的作用。但DTNB对抗I/R心律失常的作用与K_ATP的关系仍有待进一步研究。