多功能下肢康复器-CPM的临床应用

目的：探讨多功能下肢康复器CPM在骨科治疗护理中的应用。方法：指导病人早期正确使用多功能下肢康复器CPM，进行关节的功能锻炼。结果：多功能下肢康复器CPM的应用，促进了关节功能的恢复。结论：多功能下肢康复器CPM，为早期关节功能锻炼提供了安全有效的治疗措施，减少了病人的痛苦，缩短了病人康复时间，解决了治疗护理工作中的难题。     

膝关节长“刺”：逃不脱的“宿命”？

如果在人体内众多关节中评选“孺子牛”，膝关节无疑最有资格：它是下肢关节中活动最频繁的关节；它是活动度大的关节里，负重最多的关节。     

骨性关节炎系列讲座——必须重视异常肢体力线的矫治

据统计,西方人下肢关节的骨关节炎以原发性为多,即关节软骨随年龄增长而发生退行性改变;而中国人,则以因下肢力线排列异常引起的继发性骨关节炎占多数。因此,增加有关下肢关节力线的知识,对中老年人预防和治疗下肢骨关节炎甚为重要。 人类直立行走时,下肢大关节,即髋、膝和踝关节的关节软骨面经受着数不清的反复冲     

中年人常做下肢操

生活中，人每只脚有26块骨头、33个关节和许多肌肉肌腱。如果跟腱或是小腿肌肉太紧张，时间久了有可能引起踝部和脚前部不适。中年人在关心足部运动的同时也不能忽略下肢的锻炼，以达到保持关节灵活性，改善新陈代谢的效果。这里推荐一种简便易行的下肢操。     

一种步态测量方法及其在康复应用中的实验研究

本文介绍了一种运行可靠、测试方便的便携式步态分析测试系统，它可以在不同路况，不同环境下对受试者进行测试，准确记录人体在行走过程中下肢各关节的实时角度及脚部受力情况。该系统由单片机、FPGA、光电编码器、脚底压力传感器、存贮器等组成。测试完成后，单片机读出记录器的数据，通过Matlab的仪器控制工具箱传送到Matlab中分析处理，从而为康复训练提供依据。     

下肢残肢功能综合训练系统机构与控制系统设计

目的为最大程度保留下肢截肢患者残肢残存功能,充分发挥假肢代偿功能,研制开发了具有数字化控制和反馈功能的髋、膝关节训练系统,并对该系统进行了整体机构和控制系统设计。方法充分考虑了下肢截肢患者大、小腿截肢的不同特点,训练系统分为两个子系统：髋关节训练系统和膝关节训练系统。训练系统的整体控制分为主动控制模式和被动控制模式,采用PLC和触摸屏完成控制功能。结论使用该训练系统,可增大下肢截肢患者的关节活动角度、增加残肢肌容积、促进残肢愈合,从根本上提高残肢功能、促进残肢定型、改善残肢装配假肢所需条件。     

冬春不犯老寒脚有诀窍

人到了五六十岁，关节会退化，下肢关节的软骨会逐渐变薄脱落，出现骨质增生，可以引起膝关节周围酸痛，活动时还可听到关节内摩擦的响声，蹲下站立时尤其明显，每当遇到寒冷或阴雨冬天则会加重，这就是人们常说的“老寒腿”。那么，冬春季节老寒腿该怎样防止或减轻疼痛呢？第一，加强锻炼。经常锻炼，可以使关节得到活动，一方面能使关节不易发僵，接触面加大，     

下肢关节康复器YTK-F型机在下肢骨折患者术后膝关节功能恢复中的应用及效果观察

目的：分析下肢关节康复器YTK-F型机在下肢骨折患者术后膝关节恢复中所获得的临床应用效果。方法：将2020年9月～2022年9月在医院接受下肢骨折治疗的患者54例作为观察对象，根据电脑随机分组法将患者分为观察组与对照组，每组各有患者27例，对照组患者给予常规治疗，观察组患者在对照组基础上加用下肢关节康复器YTK-F型机。结果：观察组患者康复效果显著优于对照组患者，P<0.05。治疗前两组患者膝关节活动度、膝关节功能评分、疼痛评分以及生活质量均无明显差异，P>0.05；治疗后观察组患者与对照组患者上述指标存在显著统计学差异，P<0.05。结论：YTK-F型下肢CPM机在下肢骨折患者的术后膝关节功能恢复中获得了较为显著的效果。     

老人爬高楼 膝关节易受伤

如今繁华的大都市里高楼林立，许多老年人想通过爬楼梯的方式锻炼身体。的确，爬楼梯和爬山一样，都是一种很好的锻炼心肺功能的方式。但是，爬楼梯，尤其是爬高楼，偶尔为之尚可，若经常如此，则可能对关节造成伤害。因为爬山、爬楼梯，尤其是爬高楼，会对下肢关节产生非常大的压力，而老年人由于骨骼、关节已退化，无法承受如此高强度的锻炼，久之，便可导致关节的磨损。     

踝关节反复扭伤该怎么办

踝关节就是俗话常说的脚脖子，与人体下肢其他关节相比，踝关节是一个活动量较大的关节，导致其受到损伤的机会较多。另外踝关节韧带、软组织与其他关节相比覆盖较少，缓冲比较少。随着现在社会高速发展，大家都比较崇尚运动，各年龄段的人群对运动都看得比较重要，运动量大，踝关节损伤的概率也会增加。本文主要分析了踝关节的损伤的具体表现以及损伤后如何处理的问题。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.