翼点入路前交通动脉瘤显微手术治疗33例分析

【摘要】目的探讨翼点入路前交通动脉瘤显微手术治疗的时机、方法以及疗效。方法回顾性分析2007-01-2011-06经翼点入路显微手术夹闭33例前交通动脉瘤患者的资料。结果25例行瘤颈夹闭术,8例行动脉瘤夹闭加包裹术。手术效果按GOS评分：良好24例（72．7％）,中度残疾5例（15．2％）,重度残疾2例（6．1％）,死亡2例（6．1％）。结论前交通动脉瘤Hunt—Hess分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级的病人要尽早手术,Ⅲ级的病人发病3d内及2周后手术,Ⅳ～V级患者病情稳定后再考虑手术。术前对动脉瘤进行分型及提供预案,经翼点入路显微外科手术夹闭前交通动脉瘤,术中血管暴露清楚,瘤颈夹闭可靠,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

显微手术治疗破裂前交通动脉瘤35例临床分析

目的 探讨显微外科手术治疗前交通动脉瘤的手术方法及疗效.方法 回顾性分析桂林医学院附属医院神经外科白2008年1月至2011年1月经翼点入路显微手术治疗的35例破裂前交通动脉瘤患者的临床资料,总结手术技巧及疗效. 结果 本组动脉瘤均成功夹闭.随访时间3～6个月,术后死亡2例,轻度残疾3例(1例遗留精神症状),恢复良好11例,完全康复19例.结论 翼点入路手术治疗前交通动脉瘤暴露充分、并发症少；夹闭动脉瘤前充分分离、清晰暴露“H”形的前交通动脉复合体是手术成功的关键；合理的选择动脉瘤夹及血管穿通支的保护尤其重要.     

前交通动脉动脉瘤显微外科手术治疗

采用标准经翼点入路手术夹闭52例前交通动脉动脉瘤,术后随访6个月至2年,Glasgow预后分级恢复良好者47例(90.38%)、轻残3例(5.77%)、中残2例(3.85%).表明经翼点入路显微外科手术是治疗前交通动脉动脉瘤较为理想的方法.     

显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的探讨经翼点入路显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的方法。方法在气管插管全麻及控制性低血压下手术,采用Yasargil翼点入路,应用显微外科技术对52例颅内动脉瘤患者行动脉瘤颈夹闭或包裹术(其中8例应用内镜辅助)。结果本组48例行瘤颈夹闭术,4例行包裹术,术中动脉瘤破裂10例。术后45例治愈出院,4例有不同程度的偏瘫,3例死亡。结论熟练的显微外科技术是颅内动脉瘤手术成功的重要保障;预见性采用控制性低血压及暂时阻断载瘤动脉是术中动脉瘤破裂出血的重要应急措施;应用内镜辅助可更确切的夹闭动脉瘤颈,降低术后并发症的发生率。     

385例前交通动脉瘤显微手术治疗疗效分析

目的探讨前交通动脉瘤的术前诊断、手术时机及手术技巧对术后疗效的影响。方法回顾性分析作者自1997年1月至2012年6月行显微外科手术治疗前交通动脉瘤385例患者的临床表现、影像资料、手术治疗及预后情况。结果 385例患者中,Hunt-Hess 0级5例(未破裂),Ⅰ级7例,Ⅱ级177例,Ⅲ级148例,Ⅳ级39例,Ⅴ级9例;采用翼点入路383例,2例采用冠状切口入路;早期(3 d)手术238例,中期(3 d~2 w)手术118例,晚期(2 w)29例。治愈340例(88.3%)、好转13例(3.4%)、植物生存6例(1.6%)、死亡26例(6.8%)。结论经翼点入路显微外科手术治疗前交通动脉瘤,术中暴露清楚,夹闭瘤颈可靠,术后并发症少,是一种有效的方法。选择最佳手术时机,熟练掌握显微操作技术及显微解剖知识是手术成功的关键。     

颈内动脉-后交通动脉瘤显微手术夹闭与血管内栓塞对比分析

目的 探讨显微手术夹闭和血管内栓塞对颈内动脉-后交通动脉瘤预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析204例颈内动脉-后交通动脉瘤病例,其中扩大翼点入路显微手术夹闭（显微外科治疗组）97例,经血管内栓塞（血管内介入治疗组）107例.结果 术后改良Rankin评分,血管内介入治疗组：0~2分101例,3～5分4例,死亡2例;显微手术组：0～2分83例,3～5分11例,死亡3例.随访：血管内栓塞组瘤颈残留13例,动脉瘤复发5例;显微外科治疗组瘤颈残留7例,动脉瘤复发1例.结论 血管内栓塞在术后病残率、病死率方面优于显微手术夹闭,但术后瘤颈残留、动脉瘤复发要高于显微手术夹闭.     

前循环动脉瘤显微外科手术治疗

目的 探讨前循环动脉瘤患者的手术时机,总结临床经验.方法 回顾分析210例前循环动脉瘤患者显微外科手术资料,其中183例伴蛛网膜下隙出血患者Hunt-Hess分级为I ～Ⅱ级82例、Ⅲ级77例、Ⅳ级21例和V级3例.结果 共199例行动脉瘤瘤颈夹闭术,11例行动脉瘤切除包裹术.Glasgow预后分级恢复良好者97例(46.19%)、轻残80例(38.09%)、重残24例(11.43%)、死亡9例(4.29%).结论 前循环动脉瘤的显微外科手术需根据患者具体情况选择手术时机,对不同类型前循环动脉瘤术中的判断及处理措施,是手术获得成功的重要因素.     

前交通动脉瘤的诊断和治疗

报告前交通动脉瘤35例,占同期颅内动脉瘤的25%。30例行颅内动脉瘤直接手术,其中动脉瘤颈结扎或夹闭术21例,动脉瘤切除术5例,动脉瘤包裹术4例。大多数病人采用经单额纵裂入路,在显微外科技术下至少可保留一侧嗅觉。本组总死亡率为10%,0～Ⅲ级病人无死亡。本文对前交通动脉瘤直接手术的技术及术后并发症的预防进行讨论。     

大脑后动脉动脉瘤的显微手术治疗

目的探讨大脑后动脉(PCA)动脉瘤的临床特征、显微外科治疗的方法及效果。方法 2002年1月至2011年6月显微手术治疗PCA动脉瘤14例,其中经翼点入路手术2例,颞下入路手术11例,Poppen入路手术1例。10例动脉瘤行动脉瘤瘤颈夹闭术,1例梭形动脉瘤行动脉瘤孤立术,3例闭塞载瘤动脉。结果术后1周死亡1例,植物生存1例,偏瘫及动眼神经麻痹4例,无明显并发症8例;术后1周至6月,6例行DSA复查,5例行CT血管造影复查,其中7例动脉瘤完全夹闭,2例瘤颈仍残留;1例动脉瘤夹位置移位。12例病人成功随访2~9年,7例恢复良好,3例肢体偏瘫,1例动眼神经仍麻痹,1例术后昏迷卧床3年发生肺部感染后死亡。结论 PCA动脉瘤发病率较低,手术入路的选择与动脉瘤的位置密切相关,术中应尽可能保护脑干、大脑后动脉的穿支及动眼神经等颅内重要解剖结构。     

前交通动脉瘤显微手术技巧探讨

目的总结显微手术治疗破裂前交通动脉瘤的适应证、手术技巧要点及并发症的防治。方法回顾性分析应用显微手术治疗的36例破裂前交通动脉瘤患者的临床资料。结果本组36例中,33例行瘤颈夹闭满意,2例动脉瘤和前交通动脉一起被夹闭,1例行动脉瘤包裹术。出院时治疗结果好31例,差3例,死亡2例。所有患者术后随访3-36个月均无再出血发生。结论翼点入路手术治疗前交通动脉瘤暴露充分、术式成熟、并发症少;夹闭动脉瘤前充分分离、清晰暴露“H”形的前交通动脉复合体是手术成功的关键;合理的选择动脉瘤夹及血管穿通支的保护尤其重要。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.