Risk factors for acute kidney injury in overweight patients with acute type A aortic dissection: a retrospective study

Background

To identify risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in overweight patients who underwent surgery for acute type A aortic dissection (TAAD).

Methods

A retrospective study including 108 consecutive overweight patients [body mass index (BMI) ≥24] between December 2009 and April 2013 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital has been performed. AKI was defined by Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria, which is based on serum creatinine (sCr) or urine output.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 43.69±9.66 years. Seventy-two patients (66.7%) developed AKI during the postoperative period. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify two independent risk factors for AKI: elevated preoperative sCr level and 72-h drainage volume. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) was required in 15 patients (13.9%). The overall postoperative mortality rate was 7.4%, 8.3% in AKI group and 5.6% in non-AKI group. There is no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.32).

Conclusions

A higher incidence of AKI (66.7%) in overweight patients with acute TAAD was confirmed. The logistic regression model identified elevated preoperative sCr level and 72-h drainage volume as independent risk factors for AKI in overweight patients. We should pay more attention to prevent AKI in overweight patients with TAAD.     

A Nomogram to Predict the 28-day Mortality of Critically Ill Patients With Acute Kidney Injury and Treated With Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe and common complication in critically ill patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. At present, there is not a tool to predict the prognosis of critically ill patients with AKI and treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was to construct a prediction model for the 28-day mortality of patients with AKI and treated with CRRT. From January 2009 to September 2016, A total of 846 cases were included in our study.ResultsA total of five variables selected by multi-factor Cox regression analysis were used to constructed three predictive models and adopted bootstrapping for internal validation. Finally, we get five sets of models (three sets of construction models and two sets of internal verification models) with similar predictive value. The stepwise model, which including four variables (CCI score, Alb, Phosphate (24h) and SOFA score), was the simplest model, so we chose it as our final predictive model and constructed a nomogram based on it. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the stepwise model and the stepwise bootstrap model (BS stepwise) were respectively 0.78(0.75,0.82) and 0.78 (0.75,0.82). The AUC of the stepwise model and the BS stepwise in patients with sepsis were 0.77 (0.73,0.81) and 0.77 (0.73,0.81). The AUC of the stepwise model and the BS stepwise in patients without sepsis were 0.83 (0.78,0.89) and 0.83 (0.78,0.89).ConclusionsWe developed a four-marker-based prognostic tool that could effectively predict each individual's 28-day mortality for patients with AKI and treated with CRRT.     

老年脓毒症并发急性肾损伤患者持续肾脏替代治疗启动时液体过负荷与预后的相关性

目的探讨老年脓毒症并发急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury, AKI）患者在持续肾脏替代治疗（continuous renal replacement therapy, CRRT）启动时液体过负荷（fluid overload, FO）与预后的关系。 方法选取2015年6月至2018年12月浙江医院重症医学科收治的接受CRRT的65岁以上老年脓毒症并发AKI患者68例,收集患者入ICU后诊断为脓毒症时的基线资料,CRRT启动时的AKI分期、血生化指标、序贯器官衰竭评分（sequential organ failure assessment, SOFA）评分、前一日尿量,入ICU后诊断为脓毒症到CRRT启动时的液体进出量、间隔时间以及利尿剂、血管活性药物应用等情况。主要结局为CRRT启动后28 d死亡。比较CRRT启动后28 d生存患者与死亡组患者的基线资料、CRRT启动时的临床资料,以及不同液体容量状态患者的临床资料并作生存曲线分析,将单因素分析（采用秩和检验、t检验及χ²检验）有统计学意义的指标纳入多因素Logistic回归模型,分析CRRT启动后28 d死亡的相关因素。 结果68例患者在CRRT启动后28 d时存活22例（生存组）,死亡46例（死亡组）;两组患者基线资料中仅年龄、平均动脉压的差异有统计学意义（Z=1.991,t=2.491;P<0.05）;CRRT启动时,两组患者SOFA、前一日尿量、每日去甲肾上腺素用量、液体正平衡量、FO>10%患者比例的差异均有统计学意义（t=0.879,Z=2.343、2.042、2.222、2.229,χ²=6.852;P<0.05）。CRRT启动时,FO>10%与FO≤10%的两组患者,仅年龄、血尿素氮、间隔时间、液体正平衡量的差异有统计学意义（Z=4.110、2.079、6.101、6.964,P<0.05）;FO>10%的患者在CRRT启动后28 d的死亡率显著高于FO≤10%的患者（83.8%、54.1%,χ²=6.852,P<0.01）。将年龄、基线平均动脉压、CRRT启动前一日尿量、CRRT启动时的SOFA及血尿素氮、每日去甲肾上腺素用量、液体正平衡量、诊断为脓毒症到CRRT启动时的间隔时间、FO>10%的患者比例纳入多因素logistic回归模型,结果显示CRRT启动时的SOFA以及FO>10%是CRRT启动后28 d死亡的独立相关因素（OR=1.354、16.140,95%CI=1.069-1.715、1.883-138.379,P<0.05）。 结论老年脓毒症并发AKI患者在CRRT启动时FO>10%是28 d死亡的独立危险因素,在液体负荷持续加重时应尽早启动CRRT。     

Risk factors for acute kidney injury after pancreatoduodenectomy,and association with postoperative complications and death

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality after general surgery, although little is known among patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy. The objective was to investigate the association between AKI and postoperative complications and death after pancreatoduodenectomy.MethodsAll patients ≥18 years who underwent a pancreatoduodenectomy 2008–2019 at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, were included. Standardized criteria for AKI, including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine volume measurements, were used to grade postoperative AKI.ResultsIn total, 970 patients were included with a median age of 68 years (IQR 61–74) of whom 517 (53.3%) were men. There were 137 (14.1%) patients who developed postoperative AKI. Risk factors for AKI included lower preoperative eGFR, cardiovascular disease and treatment with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors or diuretics. Those who developed AKI had a higher risk of severe postoperative complications, including Clavien-Dindo score ≥ IIIa (adjusted OR 3.35, 95% CI 2.24–5.01) and ICU admission (adjusted OR 7.83, 95% CI 4.39–13.99). In time-to-event analysis, AKI was associated with an increased risk for both 30-day mortality (adjusted HR 4.51, 95% CI 1.54–13.27) and 90-day mortality (adjusted HR 4.93, 95% CI 2.37–10.26). Patients with benign histology and AKI also had an increased 1-year mortality (HR 4.89, 95% CI 1.88–12.71).ConclusionsPostoperative AKI was associated with major postoperative complications and an increased risk of postoperative mortality. Monitoring changes in serum creatinine levels and urine volume output could be important in the immediate perioperative period to improve outcomes after pancreatoduodenectomy.     

A型主动脉夹层术后严重高胆红素血症并发急性肾损伤患者的预后及危险因素

目的 探讨A型主动脉夹层术后严重高胆红素血症并发急性肾损伤（AKI）患者的预后及危险因素。 方法 回顾性筛选西京医院2015年1月~2018年12月行A型主动脉夹层手术治疗的患者,术后同时发生严重高胆红素血症和AKI的患者被纳入研究。研究终点包括住院死亡和长期死亡。采用单因素和多因素分析住院死亡相关的危险因素,使用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线来评估患者的长期生存率以及AKI的不同分期对长期生存的影响。 结果 221例患者被纳入研究,50例患者接受持续性肾脏替代治疗（CRRT）,82例患者住院死亡。1年、2年和3年累积病死率分别是39.0%、40.2%和41.1%。多因素Logistic 回归分析显示,A型主动脉夹层术后严重高胆红素血症并发AKI患者死亡的独立危险因素为:术后第1天平均动脉压（OR0.967,95%CI 0.935-1.000;P<0.01）、术后机械通气时长（OR 1.189,95%CI 1.003-1.410;P<0.05）、术后总输血量（OR 1.019,95%CI 1.003-1.036;P<0.05）以及AKI 3期（OR 12.639,95%CI5.409-34.388;P<0.01）。 结论 A型主动脉夹层术后严重高胆红素血症并发AKI患者的住院病死率以及长期病死率较高。AKI 3期,术后较低的平均动脉压,延长的术后机械通气以及增加的术后输血量是患者住院死亡的危险因素。因此,临床医生应该更密切地监测具有这些高风险的患者。     

Effect of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on mortality of total arch replacement in subacute/chronic type A aortic dissection

BackgroundPreoperative reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a prognostic factor for postoperative mortality following cardiovascular surgery. We investigated the relationship between the LVEF and the outcome of total arch replacement (TAR) in patients with subacute/chronic type A aortic dissection (TAAD).MethodsA total of 136 patients with subacute/chronic TAAD who received a TAR at Beijing Anzhen hospital from January 2015 to January 2018 were included in the analysis. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between the LVEF and the surgical outcome in this subset of patients.ResultsThe in-hospital mortality rate 4.4%, and 6.6% of patients experienced neurologic complications. During the median follow-up period of 3.97 years [interquartile range (IQR) 3.20–4.67 years], the all-cause mortality was 10.3% (14/136). The multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis demonstrated that reduced LVEF was an independent predictor of mid-term mortality (hazards ratio =0.93, 95% CI: 0.86–0.99, P=0.03). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with a LVEF <55% had a significantly worse prognosis than those with a LVEF ≥55%.ConclusionsDuring the mid-term follow-up period, subacute/chronic TAAD patients had a satisfactory surgical survival rate following TAR. Patients with a reduced LVEF had higher postoperative mortality following TAR. Thus, subacute/chronic TAAD patients with LVEF <55% should be carefully evaluated to determine their suitability for elective repair with TAR.     

Risk factors for and outcomes of prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients received DeBakey type I aortic dissection repairment

BackgroundThis study aimed to identify risk factors for prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) and its association with disease prognosis following acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection surgery.MethodsA total of 582 patients who received emergency surgery for acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection from 2014 to 2018 were enrolled in this study. Mechanical ventilation period after surgery longer than 48 hours was defined as postoperative PMV. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for PMV. This study also compared short- and long-term outcomes in patients who developed PMV with patients who did not develop this complication. To identify and compare long-term cumulative survival rate, Kaplan-Meier survival curve was plotted.ResultsAmong all enrolled patients, 259 (44.5%) received PMV treatment. Our data suggested that the length of intensive care unit and hospital stay were longer for patients who received PMV treatment. Thirty-day mortality was also higher in patients with PMV than in patients without PMV. Elevated leukocyte count and increased serum cystatin C level upon admission, lower preoperative platelet count and longer cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) duration were identified as risk factors for PMV. Interestingly, our data suggested that there was no significant difference of survival rate between patients with or without PMV history.ConclusionsPMV after DeBakey type I aortic dissection repair surgery was a common complication and associated with increased short-term mortality rate but did not affect long-term mortality rate. Elevated preoperative leukocyte count, increased preoperative serum cystatin C level, lower preoperative platelet count and longer CPB duration were risk factors for PMV.     

Risk Factors for the Incidence and Severity of Acute Kidney Injury After Liver Transplantation

Objective: To explore risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its severity after liver transplantationMethods: This was a retrospective cohort of consecutive adults undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) at a referral hospital. Risk factors for AKI from 1week post-liver transplantation and 4-week outcomes were analysed. Further analyses of factors that influenced the severity of AKI were also performed. Results: A total of 204 patients were included. AKI was found in 55.4% of patients in the first week after OLT. Risk factors for AKI were recipient’s sex, BMI, preoperative creatinine, preoperative hepatic encephalopathy, cold ischaemia time, duration of surgery, duration of inferior vena clamping, postoperative peak lactate and postoperative peak AST, which were higher in the AKI group. Four weeks after liver transplantation, 20.4% of AKI patients still had abnormal renal function and a mortality rate of 3.6%, and these values were significantly higher than those of patients without AKI (P < .05). Conclusion: Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors can all lead to AKI after OLT.     

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??Abstract??Objective To investigate the optimal timing of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for patients with septic acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods We retrospectively analyzed 118 patients admitted to surgical intensive care unit (SICU).The hospital information of these patients was complete??and conformed to the 2012 KDIGO stage 2 and above at the same time.All these patients were divided into 4 groups??the stage 2 CRRT group??the stage 2 control group??the stage 3 early CRRT group and the stage 3 late CRRT group.The monitoring indicators before and after 48-hour therapy include serum creatinine??serum urea nitrogen??potassium??mean arterial pressure (MAP)??oxygenation index (OI)??serum lactic acid level??urine output (UO)??acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE ??) score??sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score??duration of mechanical ventilation??length of ICU stay??and the 28-day and 90-day mortality.Results After 48-hour treatment??the levels of serum creatinine??blood urea nitrogen and serum potassium in the three groups of patients treated with CRRT were improved obviously.As compared with those in the stage 3 late CRRT group??the above indexes were decreased significantly in the stage 3 early CRRT group.The values of MAP??OI??lactate??UO??APACHE II score and SOFA score in the stage 2 control group??the stage 2 CRRT group and the stage 3 early CRRT group were improved obviously.As compared those in with the stage 3 late CRRT group??the values of MAP??OI??lactate and UO in the stage 3 early CRRT group were improved obviously.As compared with those in the stage 3 late CRRT group??the duration of mechanical ventilation and length of ICU stay in the stage 3 early CRRT group reduced significantly.The 28-day and 90-day mortality were significantly higher in the stage 3 late CRRT group than those in the stage 3 early CRRT group.Conclusion CRRT is an effective method for treatment of patients with septic AKI.For the stage 2 patients??CRRT treatment has little effect on the prognosis of patients.For the stage 3 patients??CRRT treatment should be performed as soon as possible.     

先天性心脏病相关肺动脉高压患儿术后急性肾损伤影响因素分析

目的 探讨先天性心脏病相关肺动脉高压（congenital heart disease associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension, CHD-PAH）患儿在体外循环术后早期发生急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury, AKI）的影响因素。 方法 2016年6月至2020年12月于我科在体外循环（cardiopulmonary bypass, CPB）下行心脏手术的3岁以下患儿,所有患儿均诊断为CHD-PAH,共纳入299例患儿,根据术后是否发生AKI分为AKI组（n=62）和非AKI组(n=237),收集围术期资料进行统计学分析。 结果 单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示包括年龄、身高、体质量、肺部感染、术前血清肌酐SCr值、术中CPB时间、主动脉阻闭时间（aortic occlusion time, ACT）、CHD 手术风险调整-1评分与术后AKI发生密切相关（P<0.05）,多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示年龄、术前肺部感染、术前SCr值、ACT是AKI发生的独立危险因素（P<0.05）;AKI组患儿术后并发症包括二次插管、肾脏替代治疗和血液感染明显高于 非AKI组（P<0.05）,术后机械通气时间、ICU停留时间、总住院时间明显延长和死亡率明显增高（P<0.05）。 结论 低年龄、术前低SCr值、术前存在肺部感染和长ACT是术后AKI发生的独立危险因素,对高危人群制定积极预防措施,可能是减少术后AKI发生,改善临床预后的有效途径。     

A型主动脉夹层术后急性肾损伤患者接受连续性肾脏替代治疗的预后因素

目的 分析Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后出现急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury, AKI）并接受连续性肾脏替代治疗（continuous renal replacement therapy, CRRT）的患者预后因素。 方法 筛选2015年4月 ~ 2018年3月西京医院收治A型主动脉夹层心脏手术后出现AKI并接受CRRT治疗的患者,记录患者术前、术中、术后临床资料,按患者是否存活分为2组:存活组(n = 32)和死亡组(n = 34)。 结果 最终纳入66例患者,年龄（49 ± 9）岁,男性占91%,术前血肌酐（144 ± 77）μmol/L。其中,34例患者死亡（52%）。多因素Logistic回归分析表明术中红细胞输注的量（HR = 3.169, 95% CI 1.180 -8.513;P < 0.05）和术后多脏器功能衰竭（HR = 3.575, 95% CI 1.196 -10.687;P < 0.05）是A型主动脉夹层术后出现AKI并接受CRRT的患者死亡独立危险因素。 结论 对于A型主动脉夹层术后需要CRRT治疗的AKI患者,术中输注红细胞量越多以及术后出现多脏器功能衰竭患者的死亡风险越大。     

Impact of acute kidney injury after extended liver resections

BackgroundComplex liver resection is a risk factor for the development of AKI, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Aim of this study was to assess risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) and its impact on outcome for patients undergoing complex liver surgery.MethodsAKI was defined according to the KDIGO criteria. Primary endpoint was the occurrence of AKI after liver resection. Secondary endpoints were complications and mortality.ResultsOverall, 146 patients undergoing extended liver resection were included in the study. The incidence of AKI was 21%. The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hepatocellular carcinoma were significantly higher in patients with AKI. In the AKI group, the proportion of extended right hepatectomies was the highest (53%), followed by ALPPS (43%). Increased intraoperative blood loss, increased postoperative complications and perioperative mortality was associated with AKI. Besides age and CKD, ALPPS was an independent risk factor for postoperative AKI. A small future liver remnant seemed to increase the risk of AKI in patients undergoing ALPPS.ConclusionFollowing extended liver resection, AKI is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. ALPPS is a major independent risk factor for the development of AKI and a sufficient future liver remnant could avoid postoperative AKI.     

Postoperative acute kidney injury and early and long-term mortality in acute aortic dissection patients: A meta-analysis

Objective:To evaluate the impact of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) on early and long-term mortality in patients with acute aortic dissection by conducting a meta-analysis.Methods:An extensive literature search was performed in PubMed and Embase databases until February 15, 2020. Observational studies that reported the associations between postoperative AKI and early (in-hospital and within 30 days) or long-term mortality in patients with acute aortic dissection were included.Results:Seven studies comprising 1525 acute aortic dissection patients were identified. A random effect meta-analysis showed that postoperative AKI was significantly associated with higher risk of long-term mortality (risk ratio [RR] 2.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.50–3.59). Subgroup analysis revealed that the pooled RR of long-term mortality was 1.42 (95% CI 0.90–2.22) for stage 1 AKI, 1.72 (95% CI 0.95–3.12) for stage 2 AKI, and 4.46 (95% CI 2.72–7.32) for stage 3 AKI, respectively. Furthermore, postoperative stage 3 AKI was associated with an increased risk of early mortality (RR 11.3; 95% CI 4.2–30.5).Conclusions:This meta-analysis provided clinical evidence that postoperative stage 3 AKI is associated with higher risk of early and long-term mortality, even after adjusting important confounding factors. However, the current findings should be interpreted with caution due to the retrospective nature and limited number of studies analyzed.     

Timing for Initiation of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Patients With Septic Shock and Acute Kidney Injury

The optimal timing for renal replacement therapy initiation in septic acute kidney injury (AKI) remains controversial. This study investigates the impact of early versus late initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on organ dysfunction among patients with septic shock and AKI. Patients were dichotomized into “early” (simplified RIFLE Risk) or “late” (simplified RIFLE Injury or Failure) CRRT initiation. Patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5 or those on long‐term dialysis were excluded. Organ dysfunction was quantified by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. From January 2008 to June 2011, 120 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Thirty‐one (26%) underwent “early” while 89 (74%) had “late” CRRT. No significant difference was noted between groups on improvement of total SOFA/non‐renal SOFA score or noradrenaline equivalent in the first 24 and 48 h after CRRT initiation. Dialysis requirement and mortality (at 28 days, 3 months and 6 months) did not differ. In conclusion, improvement of non‐renal SOFA score 48 h after CRRT correlated with SOFA score on CRRT initiation (P = 0.040) and APACHE IV risk of death (P = 0.000), but not estimated glomerular filtration rate on CRRT initiation (P = 0.377). Improvement of non‐renal SOFA score correlated with SOFA score on CRRT initiation and APACHE IV risk of death. However, this retrospective review cannot identify any significant clinical benefit of early CRRT initiation in patients presenting with septic shock and AKI.     

Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia after cardiac surgery: a prediction model

BackgroundPostoperative pneumonia is the main infectious complication following cardiac surgery and is associated with significant increases in morbidity, mortality and health care costs. The aim of this study was to identify potential risk factors related to the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery and to develop a predictive system.MethodsAdult patients who underwent open heart surgery in our institution between 2016 and 2019 were enrolled in this study. Preoperative and intraoperative variables were collected and analyzed. A multivariate prediction model for evaluating the risk of postoperative pneumonia was established using logistic regression analysis via forward stepwise selection, and points were assigned to significant risk factors based on their regression coefficient values.ResultsPostoperative pneumonia occurred in 530 of the 5,323 patients (9.96%). Prolonged stays in the postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital, as well as higher mortality (25.66% versus 0.65%), were observed in patients with postoperative pneumonia. Multivariate analysis identified 13 independent risk factors including patient demographics, comorbidities, cardiac function, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) duration, and blood transfusion. The prediction model showed good discrimination (C-statistic: 0.80) and was well calibrated (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ²=7.907, P value =0.443). A 32-point risk score was generated, and then three risk intervals were defined.ConclusionsWe derived and validated a prediction model for postoperative pneumonia after cardiac surgery incorporating 13 easily discernible risk factors. The scoring system may be helpful for individualized risk estimations and clinical decision-making.     

Kidney dysfunction and short term all-cause mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been associated with worse outcomes. However, the impact on outcome of AKI in TAVI-patients is not well established.MethodsInoperable patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing TAVI in 2010-2018 were enrolled in this study. AKI and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were defined according to KDIGO guidelines. Patients were divided in two groups according to post-procedural AKI development. The primary endpoint was 30-day all-cause mortality across the two groups.ResultsA total of 373 patients (mean age 82.3 ± 6) were analyzed. Compared to non-AKI patients, those who developed AKI, were treated more frequently with trans-apical TAVI (66% vs 35%, p<0.01), with greater amount of contrast medium (200.6 vs 170.4 ml, p=0.02) and in presence of clinically significant peripheral artery disease (PAD, 33% vs 21%, p=0.04). Trans-apical access (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.76-5.60, p<0.01) was associated with a 3-fold risk of AKI. After adjustment for age, Society of Thoracic Surgery risk score (STS), PAD, access type, EF and contrast medium amount, patients with AKI presented an increased risk of 30-day all-cause mortality (HR=1.25, 95%CI 1.09-1.69, p=0.008). Patients with CKD IV and V, who developed AKI, presented a 9-fold 30-day mortality risk (HR=9.71, 95% CI 2.40-39.2, p=0.001).ConclusionIn our analysis, AKI was a strong predictor of 30-day all-cause mortality. Particularly, patients with severe CKD with AKI showed the highest 30-day mortality risk. Thus, this group of patients might benefit from closer monitoring and specific kidney protection therapies.     

左西孟旦对冠状动脉旁路移植术术后因左心功能不全应用主动脉内球囊反搏患者预后影响

目的 探讨左西孟旦对冠状动脉旁路移植术术后因左心功能不全应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)患者的影响.方法 收集2017年1月至2019年4月泰达国际心血管病医院心脏大血管外科患者术后因左心功能不全应用IABP的112例患者的临床资料,并以应用"左西孟旦"为分组变量建立倾向匹配44对病例资料,比较两组术后住院时间、呼吸机...     

Prompt surgery is effective for acute type A aortic dissection with cerebral ischemia

BackgroundAcute type A aortic dissection (aTAAD) with preoperative cerebral ischemia (CI) is common and lethal, but the timing and treatment method remain uncertain. We retrospectively reviewed our aTAAD patients with CI and analyzed the outcomes and related risk factors.MethodsFrom January 2011 to December 2019, 1,173 patients diagnosed with aTAAD from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital were enrolled. Among them, 131 patients had CI preoperatively (CI group), and 1,042 patients were in the non-CI group. One hundred eight in the CI group and 984 in the non-CI group received central repair surgery. Fifteen patients had postoperative cerebral complications (CC) and 93 had non-CCs. ROC curves were used to identify the safe duration of preoperative CI.ResultsThe CI group was older (56.3 vs. 53.2 years, P=0.013) and had lower rates of pain, chest pain and back pain (77.9% vs. 94.4%, 75.4% vs. 87.5% and 30.8% vs. 42.3%, respectively) than the non-CI group. The CI group had a higher rate of preoperative hypotension and tamponade (13.7% vs. 6.0%, 26.9% vs. 10.4%, respectively; P=0.000). More patients in the CI group did not receive central repair surgery, and the CI had higher mortality (28.2% vs. 15.9%). CI without central repair surgery was a strong risk factor for mortality. CI patients with CC after central repair had a higher mortality, and preoperative coma was the strongest risk factor for postoperative CC.A duration between CI symptoms and central repair surgery of less than 12.75 hours is recommended.ConclusionsPrompt surgery is effective for aTAAD with CI, and preoperative coma and a safe duration longer than 12.75 hours would predict worse outcomes.     

Association Between the Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio and Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiovascular Surgery: A Retrospective Observational Study

A high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (N/L ratio) was associated with the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with severe sepsis. We sought to investigate the association between the perioperative N/L ratios and postoperative AKI in patients undergoing high-risk cardiovascular surgery.A retrospective medical chart review was performed of 590 patients who underwent cardiovascular surgeries, including coronary artery bypass, valve replacement, patch closure for atrial or ventricular septal defect and surgery on the thoracic aorta with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Baseline perioperative clinical parameters, including N/L ratios measured before surgery, immediately after surgery, and on postoperative day (POD) one were obtained. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate risk factors.A total of 166 patients (28.1%) developed AKI defined by the KDIGO (kidney disease improving global outcomes) criteria in the first 7 PODs. Independent risk factors for AKI included old age, decreased left ventricular systolic function, preoperative high serum creatinine, low serum albumin and high uric acid levels, intraoperative large transfusion amount, oliguria, hyperglycemia, and elevated N/L ratio measured immediately after surgery and on POD one. The quartiles of immediately postoperative N/L ratio were associated with graded increase in risk of AKI development (fourth quartile [N/L ratio≥10] multivariate odds ratio 5.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.74–12.73; P < 0.001), a longer hospital stay, and a higher in-hospital and 1-year mortality rate (fourth quartile [N/L ratio≥10] adjusted hazard ratio for 1-year mortality [8.40, 95% CI 2.50–28.17]; P < 0.001).In patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery with CPB, elevated N/L ratios in the immediately postoperative period and on POD one were associated with an increased risk of postoperative AKI and 1-year mortality. The N/L ratio, which is easily calculable from routine work-up, can therefore assist with risk stratification of AKI and mortality in high-risk surgical patients.     

Managing patients of shock and acute kidney injury in tertiary care cardiac ICU: Experience with continuous renal replacement therapy

BackgroundClinical experience on details of CRRT initiation and outcomes in cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) patients is not available from developing countries like India. This study shares the 5-year clinical experience of managing CICU patients requiring CRRT in a tertiary care cardiac center of North India.Materials and methodsMedical records of all CICU patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) managed by CRRT from October 2011 to September 2016 at tertiary referral center in North India were retrospectively reviewed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of post-CRRT mortality.ResultsA total of 630 patients received CRRT during the study period. Most commonly AKI developed in patients with acute coronary syndrome (30.2 %) with cardiogenic shock. 55.9 % of the CRRT patients were >60 years of age, and/or on multiple supports in ICU including, mechanical ventilation, high doses of inotropes & vasopressors and other cardiovascular support. Of those on CRRT, 130 (20.6 %) patients had died, 215 (34.1 %) were discharged and 285 (45.2 %) could not complete the desired course. Multivariate regression analysis showed independent association of mortality with high vasoactive-inotropic score, single CRRT cycle and low mean arterial pressure in CRRT patients.ConclusionAbout 34.1 % of patients receiving CRRT were alive at discharge, emphasizing the feasibility and utility of CRRT as a promising modality in this population for improving outcomes.