维生素C抗辐射损伤作用研究

目的　通过照前给予VitC ,观察其对60 Coγ射线全身照射小鼠的保护作用。方法　将小鼠随机分为正常对照组、照射对照组、VitC实验组 1,2 ,3(照前连续 10d灌胃VitC 15、30、45mg/kg体重 ) ,检测各组小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率 ,并作 30d存活率实验。结果　VitC可显著降低 2 .0Gyγ射线诱发小鼠骨髓细胞微核 ,可提高受照小鼠30d存活率 ,延长平均存活时间 ,保护指数达 2 .0 9。结论　VitC对中、高剂量γ射线的损伤具有一定的防护作用。     

对甲基桂皮丹酚酯的合成及抗辐射活性研究

目的研究对甲基桂皮丹酚酯（4a）的合成方法及其抗辐射活性。方法通过制备酰氯的方法,在碱性条件下与丹皮酚进行酯化得到目标产物,并确证结构。以6～8周龄ICR小鼠为研究对象,经γ-射线一次性全身照射后,以30 d存活率及保护指数、平均存活天数,以及相关脏器系数、白细胞（WBC）、血小板（PLT）为指标,考察目标化合物4a低、中、高3个剂量的抗辐射损伤效应。结果小鼠经137Csγ-射线8.5 Gy一次性全身照射后,4a低、中、高剂量组的存活率由空白对照组的14.29%分别提高到28.57%、42.86%、35.71%,阳性对照组为28.57%,平均存活天数明显延长,与空白对照组比较,差异均有高度统计学意义（均P〈0.01）,尤其是中剂量组,和阳性对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。保护指数分别为1.50、2.01、1.60,阳性对照组为1.48,各组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;对受6.5 Gyγ-射线全身照射后辐射损伤ICR小鼠生理指标影响的检测,结果显示4a在不同程度上增加PLT和DNA含量及胸腺系数、脾系数。结论本研究表明对甲基桂皮丹酚酯化合物具有一定的抗辐射损伤作用。     

黄芪总黄酮对辐射损伤小鼠的防护作用研究

目的:研究黄芪总黄酮(Total flavonoids of astragalus,TFA)对受60Coγ射线损伤小鼠的辐射防护作用,为TFA的临床应用提供实验依据.方法:采用大剂量60Coγ射线一次性全身照射雌性昆明小鼠,制成放射损伤动物模型.小鼠在照射前3 d及照射后,以不同剂量的TFA连续灌胃14 d,观察受致死剂量60Co射线照射小鼠的30 d存活率及生存时间长短.同时,在低剂量照射组检测用药后小鼠体重、外周血指标、脾脏指数的变化.用HE染色观察脾脏的病理学改变.结果:TFA不仅能明显延长辐射损伤小鼠的平均存活天数,提高小鼠30 d存活率(P＜0.05);而且能显著降低辐射损伤小鼠外周血白细胞的下降幅度、缩短其恢复所需时间(P＜0.05);同时,TFA还能促进小鼠脾重指数的恢复,减轻辐射对小鼠脾脏的损伤程度,促进造血灶增生,加快造血功能恢复.结论:TFA具有较强的抗辐射作用,能显著提高受致死剂量60Co射线照射小鼠的存活率,降低辐射对小鼠外周血WBC和PLT及脾脏的损伤作用,其具体作用机制有待进一步深入研究.     

E838等5种辐射防护药对放烧复合伤防治作用的实验观察

目的 比较研究E838、WR-2721茜草、盐酸胱胺和炔雌醇等5种辐射防护药对放射损伤和放烧复合伤的防治作用及其相互间的协同作用。方法 采用小鼠腹腔注射、灌胃的方法在致伤前/或和致伤后按常用量给药,观察30d存活率,死亡动物平均存活日和保护系数K的差异。结果 （1）致伤前预防给药,5种药物均明显提高了放射损伤和放烧复合伤的存活率,并延长了死亡动物的平均存活日,其中以E838和WR-2721效果最佳;（2）致伤后给药则仅E838和茜草显示了治疗效果;（3）联合用药实验显示所研究的5种配伍用药方式均有较好的防治效果。但以WR-2721 E838治效果最好。结论 E838和WR-2721与其它辐射防护药相比具有较理想的辐射防护作用,且E838还有一定的治疗作用。两者合理配伍可发挥协同治疗作用。     

肉苁蓉总苷对~(60)Coγ射线损伤小鼠免疫功能的防护作用

目的　研究肉苁蓉总苷 (GCs)对 6 0 Co损伤小鼠免疫功能及 30 d存活率的影响。方法　小鼠在不同剂量6 0 Coγ射线照射前后 ,均服以 GCs,观察辐射及 GCs对其免疫功能的改变。结果　 6 0 Co照射剂量为 2 ,4及 7Gy时 ,可造成小鼠体液免疫、细胞免疫功能和非特异性免疫功能及 30 d存活率下降 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ;GCs(31.2 5 ,6 2 .5 ,12 5 m g/ kg)组可促进上述各指标的恢复 ,对 6 0 Co损伤小鼠的抗体产生、外周血 T淋巴细胞数目、迟发型超敏反应、腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能均有明显保护作用 (P<0 .0 1或 P<0 .0 5 ) ;且能提高受照小鼠的脾指数、胸腺指数及 30 d存活率 (P<0 .0 1或 P<0 .0 5 )。结论　 GCs对辐射损伤小鼠的免疫功能具有较强防护作用     

E838等抗放药对放射损伤防治作用的比较

目的；比较研究E838，WR－2721，盐酸胱胺和炔雌醇等对放射损伤的防治作用及其相互之间的协同作用关系。方法：采用小鼠腹腔注射或灌胃的方法在致伤前或／和致伤后按常用量给药，观察30d存活率，死亡动物平活日和保护系数K的差异。结果：（1）致伤前预防给药，上述4种药物均明显提高了放射损伤的存活率，并延长了死亡动物的平均存活日，其中以E838和WR2721效果最佳；（2）致伤后给药则仅E838和茜草显示了治疗效果；（3）联合用药实验显示所研究的5种配伍用药方式均有较好的防治效果，但以WR2721（防）＋E838（治）效果最好。结论：E838和WR2721与其它抗放药相比具有较理想的辐射防护作用，且E838还有一定的治疗作用,两者合理配伍使用可发挥协同的作用效果。     

短期禁食减轻小鼠放射性损伤的作用

目的探讨短期禁食对60Coγ射线的拮抗作用。方法对ICR小鼠禁食后给予7.5 Gy 60Coγ射线照射（剂量率为2.5 Gy/min）,照后恢复给食,观察不同组小鼠的一般状况、死亡情况、体质量变化、食物消耗量及外周血白细胞数（WBC）、脏器指数,检测分析活性氧（ROS）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）等抗氧化指标。结果照射后ICR小鼠均出现兴奋反应,48、72 h禁食组小鼠很快恢复正常,而0、12 h禁食组小鼠出现兴奋反应后又继发不同的毒性症状直至死亡。0、12、48、72 h禁食组小鼠存活率分别为0、0、12.5%、50%,且72 h禁食组较0 h禁食组小鼠ROS生成量明显减少（P〈0.05）。结论短期禁食具有抵抗60Coγ射线对小鼠放射性损伤的作用,且在一定条件下,禁食时间越长,其抵抗作用更加明显。     

E838对放烧复合伤造血功能防护效应的实验观察

目的 研究新型抗放药E838对放烧复合伤和单纯放射损伤造血功能的防护效果。方法 动物致伤前、后不同时间给予E838腹腔注射,观察其存活率和死亡动物平活日,并在用药后不同时间检测其外周血白细胞计数,骨髓有核细胞数（BMNC）、骨髓CFU－GM和CFU－S数。结果 E838预防用药能够明显提高损伤动物的30d存活率及平均活存时间;对造血功能的研究结果亦表明,E838预防用药能够减少伤后外周血白细胞、骨髓有核细胞数、骨髓粒－单系祖细胞数及GFU－S等计数的下降幅度,并促进其恢复。结论 E838对放烧复合伤和单纯放射损伤具有确切的预防效果,对损伤小鼠造血功能也有很明显的保护作用。     

Toll样受体5激动剂CBLB502蛋白的辐射防护作用

目的研究CBLB502蛋白辐射防护作用。方法 HCT116细胞经CBLB502刺激后,Western印迹法检测NF-κB入核,碱性磷酸酶报告基因法检测CBLB502对NF-κB报告基因的激活。150只C57BL/6J小鼠接受8.0 Gy60Coγ射线照射前随机分为PBS,WR2721,CBLB502 0.02、0.05和0.2 mg/kg共5组,观察小鼠受照后30 d存活率和平均生存时间。另外40只小鼠接受6.5 Gy60Coγ射线照射前随机分为PBS、WR2721、CBLB502 0.2 mg/kg组和正常对照组,照射前1 d和照后30 d内检测外周血细胞。结果 CBLB502可明显促进HCT116细胞NF-κB入核(P<0.01)并呈剂量依赖性激活NF-κB报告基因(r=0.998 3)。CBLB502显著提高8.0 Gy60Coγ射线照射后小鼠的存活率,PBS,WR2721,CBLB502 0.02、0.05和0.2 mg/kg组小鼠照后30 d存活率分别为0、83.3%、13.3%、66.7%和100%;照射后小鼠平均存活时间除0.02 mg/kg给药组与PBS对照相比无差异外,其余各给药组较PBS对照组有显著提高。6.5 Gy60Coγ射线照射后小鼠外周血白细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白和血小板急剧下降,CBLB502 0.2 mg/kg组上述指标降低持续时间较照射对照组明显缩短,开始恢复时间提前,各指标最低值亦明显高于照射对照组。结论 CBLB502蛋白具有体外生物学活性并对急性放射病小鼠有明显的辐射防护作用。     

E838保护放化疗小鼠造血功能的疗效观察

目的:研究E838对137Csγ射线和环磷酰胺所致小鼠白细胞减少症及造血功能的保护作用。方法:采用137Csγ射线和环磷酰胺造模,分别测定两个模型骨髓造血干细胞脾脏节结(CFU-S)、外周血白细胞数、骨髓DNA、骨髓有核细胞数、脾脏指数的变化。结果:E838能减轻环磷酰胺和137Csγ射线对小鼠造血系统的损伤作用。E838各组的外周血白细胞、骨髓有核细胞数与对照组相比有明显的增高,中、高剂量组与对照组比较,经统计学处理有显著性差异。CFU-S与对照组比较有显著性差异。脾脏指数及胸腺指数均高于对照组,高剂量组脾脏指数与对照组比较有显著性差异。结论E838具有改善机体免疫功能和刺激骨髓造血功能的作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.