Ameliorative effect of Ganoderma lucidum on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of Reishi mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE), on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CO) in rats. METHODS: Rat hepatic fibrosis was induced by CCl4. Forty Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: control, CCl4, and two GLE groups. Except for rats in control group, all rats were administered orally with CCl4 (20%, 0.2 mL/100 g body weight) twice a week for 8 weeks. Rats in GLE groups were treated daily with GLE (1 600 or 600 mg/kg) via gastrogavage throughout the whole experimental period. Liver function parameters, such as ALT, AST, albumin, and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, spleen weight and hepatic amounts of protein, malondiladehyde (MDA) and hydroxyproline (HP) were determined. Histochemical staining of Sirius red was performed. Expression of transforming growth factorβ1 (TGF-β1), methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT1) 1A and MAT2A mRNA were detected by using RT-PCR. RESULTS: CCU caused liver fibrosis, featuring increase in plasma transaminases, hepatic MDA and HP contents, and spleen weight; and decrease in plasma albumin, A/G ratio and hepatic protein level. Compared with CCU group, GLE (600, 1 600 mg/kg) treatment significantly increased plasma albumin level and A/G ratio (P<0.05) and reduced the hepatic HP content (P<0.01). GLE (1 600 mg/kg) treatment markedly decreased the activities of transaminases (P<0.05), spleen weight (P<0.05) and hepatic MDA content (P<0.05); but increased hepatic protein level (P<0.05). Liver histology in the GLE (1 600 mg/kg)-treated rats was also improved (P<0.01). RT-PCR analysis showed that GLE treatment decreased the expression of TGF-β1(P<0.05-0.001) and changed the expression of MAT1A (P<0.05-0.01) and MAT2A (P<0.05-0.001). CONCLUSION: Oral administration of GLE significantly reduces CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats, probably by exerting a protective effect against hepatocellular necrosis by its free-radical scavenging ability.     

Filtrate of fermented mycelia from Antrodia camphorata reduces liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of filtrate of fermented mycelia from Antrodia camphorata (FMAC) on liver fibro-sis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) in rats. METHODS: Forty Wistar rats were divided randomly into control group and model group. All model rats were given 200 mL/L CCI4 (2 mL/Kg, po) twice a week for 8 wk. Four weeks after CCI4 treatment, thirty model rats were further divided randomly into 3 subgroups: CCI4 and two FMAC subgroups. Rats in CCI4 and 2 FMAC subgroups were treated with FMAC 0, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg, daily via gastrogavage beginning at the fifth week and the end of the eighth week. Spleen weight, blood synthetic markers (albumin and prothrombin time) and hepatic malondial-dehyde (MDA) and hydroxyproline (HP) concentrations were determined. Expression of collagen I, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and transforming growth factorβ1 (TGF-β1) mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. Histochemical staining of Masson's trichrome was performed. RESULTS: CCI4 caused liver fibrosis, featuring increased prothrombin time, hepatic MDA and HP contents, and spleen weight and decreased plasma albumin level. Compared with CCI4 subgroup, FMAC subgroup (1 g/kg) significantly decreased the prothrombin time (36.7±7.2 and 25.1±10.2 in CCI4 and FMAC groups, respectively, P<0.05) and increased plasma albumin concentration (22.7±1.0 and 30.7±2.5 in CCI4 and FMAC groups, respectively, P< 0.05). Spleen weight was significantly lower in rats treated with CCI4 and FMAC (1 g/kg) compared to CCI4 treated rats only (2.7±0.1 and 2.4±0.2 in CCI4 and FMAC groups, respectively, P<0.05). The amounts of hepatic MDA and HP in CCI4±FAMC (1 g/kg) subgroup were also lower than those in CCI4 subgroup (MDA: 3.9±0.1 and 2.4±0.6 in CCI4 and CCI4 FMAC groups, respectively, P< 0.01; HP: 1730.7±258.0 and 1311.5±238.8 in CCI4 and CCI4 FMAC groups, respectively, P<0.01). Histologic examinations showed that CCI4 FMAC subgroups had thinner or less fibrotic septa than CCI4 group. RT-PCR analysis indicated that FMAC (1 g/kg) reduced mRNA levels of collagen I, TIMP-1 and TGF-β1 (collagenⅠ: 5.63±2.08 and 1.78±0.48 in CCI4 and CCI4 FMAC groups, respectively, P<0.01; TIMP-1: 1.70±0.82 and 0.34±0.02 in CCI4 and CCI4 FMAC groups, respectively, P<0.01; TGF-β1:38.03±11.9 and 4.26±2.17 in CCI4 and CCI4 FMAC groups, respectively, P<0.01) in the CCI4-treated liver. CONCLUSION: It demonstrates that FMAC can retard the progression of liver fibrosis induced by CCI4 in rats.     

四氯化碳诱发大鼠肝纤维化自发逆转中库普弗细胞与星状细胞的分布

目的:探讨四氯化碳(CCl_4)诱发大鼠肝纤维化自发逆转过程中肝库普弗细胞与星状细胞的分布和意义.方法:500 mL/L CCl_4腹腔注射8 wk诱发大鼠肝纤维化模型,实验第8,12周末检测血清生化指标,观察肝组织的病理变化,采用免疫组化SP法观察单核巨噬细胞抗原(ED1),α-平滑肌动蛋白(α-SMA)阳性表达的肝库普弗细胞(kupffer cell,KC)和肝星状细胞(hepatic stellate cells,HSC)的分布结果:第8周末模型组大鼠与对照组比较,血清ALT和AST活性(568.18±630.46 nkat/L vs 472.26±167.37 nkat/L.P<0.05:5845.84±1353.27 nkat/L vs 1698.51±663.30 nkat/L.P<0.01),肝/体质比(3.90±0.85 vs 2.56±0.24,P<0.001)及胶原纤维面密度(5.87±1.13 vs 0.52±0.30,P<0.001)明显增高;大量ED1和α-SMA阳性的KC和HSC主要分布在汇管区增生的纤维组织及纤维间隔内.第12周末模型组与第8周比较大鼠血清ALT活性(1020.70±306.73 nkat/L vs 376.74±304.06 nkat/L.P<0.05)仍较高外,胶原纤维面密度减少,汇管区增生的纤维组织及纤维间隔内ED1阳性的KC减少,α-SMA阳性的HSC消失.结论:腹腔注射CCl_48 wk后大鼠肝功能明显损伤,形成肝硬化,KCs激活和HSCs活化相关,停止注射CCl_4 4 wk后大鼠肝纤维化发生自发逆转.     

不同剂量γ-干扰素治疗大鼠肝纤维化疗效研究

目的 观察不同剂量重组人γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）对不同原因引起的大鼠肝纤维化的治疗效果。方法 用四氯化碳（CCl4）和二甲基亚硝胺（DMN）分别诱导形成大鼠纤维化模型,采用3种不同剂量IFN-γ对2种模型肝纤维化大鼠进行治疗,并与正常对照组、秋水仙碱治疗组和模型对照组相比较,观察各组肝功能、血清透明质酸（HA）水平、肝组织羟脯氨酸（Hyp）含量、病理组织学、免疫组化α-SMA的变化。结果 2种模型组中,3组IFN-γ治疗肝纤维化程度均明显小于秋水仙碱治疗组和模型对照组,部分肝功能指标、肝Hyp含量、血清HA水平较秋水仙碱治疗组和模型对照组亦有显著降低。3组IFN-γ治疗组之间,随剂量增大存在明显量效关系。结论 IFN-γ对不同原因引起的大鼠纤维化有较好疗效,IFN-γ的治疗效果与剂量有关。     

高血糖对四氯化碳中毒大鼠肝纤维化进展的影响

本研究通过链脲佐菌素(STZ)和(或)四氯化碳(CCI4) 制备糖尿病和肝纤维化模型,探讨高血糖对CCI4中毒大鼠肝纤维化进展的影响。一、材料与方法 1．动物模型:雄性SD大鼠24只,体重245-275g,购自上海西普尔-必凯实验动物中心,随机分为模型组(n=18)和     

家兔肝纤维化模型的建立及肝功能指标与肝纤维化的相关性

目的探讨肝功能指标与实验性家兔肝纤维化程度的关系。方法建立肝纤维化家兔模型27只,进行肝纤维化和肝功能化验检查。结果肝纤维化程度不同,肝功能检查结果均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论血生化指标在家兔肝纤维化不同分期中有不同的升高。     

姜黄素治疗肝纤维化及其作用机制的初步研究

目的观察姜黄素治疗肝纤维化的效果,初步探讨其作用机制。方法四氯化碳腹腔注射制作大鼠肝纤维化模型,以丹参治疗作为阳性对照,检测血清ALT、AST、HA、LN、Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ）、一氧化氮（NO）含量;检测肝组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、羟脯氨酸（Hyp）、丙二醛（MDA）含量;肝组织行HE和Masson胶原染色,光镜下观察病理学改变,并按肝纤维化半定量计分系统进行评分。结果与模型组比较,姜黄素治疗组能明显降低肝纤维化时异常升高的ALT、AST、NO、HA、LN、PCⅢ、MDA、Hyp,模型对照组分别为（693.75±117.57）U/L、（892.50±105.69）U/L、（70.95±10.23）μmol/L、（468.22±93.45）mg/L、（346.44±75.08）mg/L、（279.82±54.00）μg/L、（402.25±39.16）nmol/g、（752.50±77.62）μg/g,姜黄素（每100g体重40mg）治疗组分别为（218.50±48.89）U/L、（376.60±79.13）U/L、（47.96±6.53）μmol/L、（289.96±60.43）mg/L、（107.35±27.24）mg/L、（148.95±28.63）μg/L、（236.10±30.54）nmol/g、（478.40±75.74）μg/g,P值均〈0.05;提升肝纤维化时异常降低的肝组织SOD水平,姜黄素（每100g体重40 mg）治疗组和对照组分别为（90.39±21.23）U/mg、（46.52±20.01）U/mg,P〈0.05;明显改善四氯化碳所致大鼠肝纤维化的病理学改变,肝纤维化评分明显降低（P〈0.05）,接近正常对照组,且该作用随着姜黄素剂量增大而加强。结论姜黄素具有治疗大鼠肝纤维化作用;抗脂质过氧化损伤、直接影响胶原代谢可能是其重要的作用机制。     

Antifibrotic effect of N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline on bile duct ligation induced liver fibrosis in rats

AIM:To investigate the preventive effect of N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (AcSDKP) on bile duct ligation (BDL)induced liver fibrosis in rats. METHODS:Liver fibrosis in rats was induced by BDL and AcSDKP was infused subcutaneously for 2 wkvia a osmotic minipump (Alzet 2ML4) immediately after BDL operation. After scarifying, serum and liver specimens were collected. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, Sirius red staining, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot or real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to determinate liver functions, histological alterations, collagen deposition, mRNA expression of markers for fibroblasts, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7). RESULTS:When compared to model rats, chronic exogenous AcSDKP infusion suppressed profibrogenicTGF-β1 signaling, α-smooth muscle actin positivity (α-SMA), fibroblast specific protein-1 (FSP-1) staining and collagen gene expression. Col Ⅰ, Col Ⅲ, matrix metalloproteinase-2, tissue inhibitors of metallopro-teinase-1 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 mRNA expressions were all significantly downregulated by AcSDKP infusion (2.02 ± 1.10vs 14.16 ± 6.50, 2.02 ± 0.45vs 10.00 ± 3.35, 2.91 ± 0.30vs 7.83 ± 1.10, 4.64 ± 1.25 vs 18.52 ± 7.61, 0.46 ± 0.16 vs 0.34 ± 0.12, respectively, P 0.05). Chronic exogenous AcSDKP infusion attenuated BDL-induced liver injury, inflammation and fibrosis. BDL caused a remarkable increase in alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total bilirubin, and prothrombin time, all of which were reduced by AcSDKP infusion. Mast cells, collagen accumulation, α-SMA, TGF-β1, FSP-1 and BMP-7 increased. The histological appearance of liver specimens was also improved. CONCLUSION:Infusion of exogenous AcSDKP attenu-ated BDL-induced fibrosis in the rat liver. Preservation of AcSDKP may be a useful therapeutic approach in the management of liver fibrosis.     

Effects of Haobie Yangyin Ruanjian Decoction on hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats

AIM:To explore the anti-fibrotic effect of Haobie Yangyin Ruanjian Decoction(HYRD)on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats and its modulation on the transforming growth factor(TGF)β-Smad signaling pathway.METHODS:Fifty-six healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal control group(n=6),CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis group(n=14) and three treatment groups(the treated rats received HYRD via oral administration at daily dosages of 8.2,2.5 and 0.82 g/kg,respectively)of HYRD(n=12,respectively...     

四氯化碳诱导大鼠肝纤维化脂质过氧化相关蛋白表达的动态变化及一贯煎的干预效应

目的 探讨四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导大鼠肝纤维化脂质过氧化相关蛋白表达的动态变化及一贯煎的干预效应.方法 Wistar雄性大鼠57只,其中模型组39只,正常组18只.模型大鼠腹腔注射50％的CCl4橄榄油溶液(1ml/lg),每周2次,共9周.造模3、6周后,随机抽取正常及模型大鼠各6只,处死作动态观察.其余模型大鼠随机分为模型组15只及干预组12只,模型组大鼠在8周时处死4只观察成模情况.第7周开始,继续造模的同时,干预组用一贯煎(2.682 g/kg)蒸馏水稀释灌胃,1次/d,共计3周.用药3周结束后,处死大鼠,检测肝功能、肝组织羟脯氨酸(Hyp)和丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与谷胱甘肽(GSH)活性,以及热休克蛋白70 (HSP70)、血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)、转铁蛋白(Transferrin)、过氧化还原酶(Prxd)6、肝脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(L-FABP)等的表达.计量资料采用单因素方差分析,计数资料采用Ridit分析. 结果 (1)与对照组比较,模型组大鼠6、9周时肝组织MDA含量显著升高[(4.23±0.45) nmol/mg比(2.22±0.59)nmol/mg; (6.29±1.23) nmol/mg比(2.22±0.59) nmol/mg,F值分别为60.13、66.99,P值均＜ 0.05];SOD活性显著降低[(196.94±39.20) U/mg比(264.50±30.44)U/mg,F=11.12,P＜ 0.05; (152.21±51.65) U/mg比(264.50±30.44) U/mg,F=23.11,P＜0.01];GSH含量显著降低[(48.47±7.27) nmol/mg比(60.74±9.04) nmol/mg,F=6.71,P＜0.05;(37.89±9.01) nmol/mg比(60.74±9.04)nmol/mg,F=24.06,P＜0.01];与9周模型组比较,干预组MDA显著降低[(4.25±0.86) nmol/mg比(6.29±1.23) nmol/mg,F=19.52,P＜ 0.01],SOD显著升高[(198.35±46.48) U/mg比(152.21±51.65) U/mg,F=4.65,P＜0.05],GSH显著升高[(53.73±7.54) nmol/mg比(37.89±9.01) nmol/mg,F=19.23,P＜0.01];(2)与正常组比较,9周时模型组大鼠HSP70蛋白表达量升高(1.21±0.06比0.58±0.07,F=166.87,P＜0.0l),HO-1蛋白表达量也升高(1.11±0.06比0.58±0.06,F=123.96,P＜ 0.01),Prdx6蛋白表达量降低(0.04±0.05比1.49±0.05,F=1215.85,P＜0.01),L-FABP表达量降低(0.24±0.02比1.44±0.14,F=219.05,P＜0.01),Transferrin蛋白表达量降低(0.67±0.03比1.67±0.04,F=301.35,P＜0.01).9周时,干预组HSP70和HO-1蛋白表达量分别为0.82±0.04、0.90±0.04,与9周时模型组比较,F值分别为92.31、26.89,P值均＜0.01,差异有统计学意义;9周时,干预组Prdx6、L-FABP和Transferrin蛋白表达分别为0.88±0.11、1.36±0.13、1.04±0.12,与9周时模型组比较,F值分别为150.17、237.19、27.53,P值均＜0.01,差异有统计学意义. 结论 一贯煎具有促进机体抗氧化物质生成、减轻脂质过氧化损伤的作用.     

Effect of WeiJia on carbon tetrachloride induced chronic liver injury

AIM:To study the effect of WeiJia on chronic liver injuryusing carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4)induced liver injuryanimal model.METHODS:Wistar rats weighing 180-220g were ran-domly divided into three groups:normal control group(Group A),CCl_4 induced liver injury control group(GroupB)and CCl_4 induction with WeiJia treatment group(GroupC).Each group consisted of 14 rats.Liver damage andfibrosis was induced by subcutaneous injection with 40?l_4 in olive oil at 3 mL/kg body weight twice a week foreight weeks for Groups B and C rats whereas olive oilwas used for Group A rats.Starting from the third week,Group C rats also received daily intraperitoneal injectionof WeiJia at a dose of 1.25 μg/kg body weight.Animalswere sacrificed at the fifth week(4 male,3 female),andeighth week(4 male,3 female)respectively.Degree offibrosis were measured and serological markers for liverfibrosis and function including hyaluronic acid(HA),typeIV collagen(CIV),γ-glutamyl transferase(γ-GT),alanineaminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)were determined.Alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)immunohistochemistry were also performed.RESULTS:CCl_4 induction led to the damage of liver anddevelopment of fibrosis in Group B and Group C ratswhen compared to Group A rats.The treatment of WeiJiain Group C rats could reduce the fibrosis condition sig-nificantly compared to Group B rats.The effect could beobserved after three weeks of treatment and was moreobvious after eight weeks of treatment.Serum HA,CIV,ALT,AST and γ-GT levels after eight weeks of treatmentfor Group C rats were 58±22 μg/L(P<0.01),57±21 μg/L(P<0.01),47±10 U/L(P<0.01),139±13 U/L(P<0.05)and 52±21 U/L(P>0.05)respectively,similar to normalcontrol group(Group A),but significantly different fromCCl_4 induced liver injury control group(Group B).An in-crease in PCNA and decrease in α-SMA expression levelwas also observed.CONCLUSION:WeiJia could improve liver function andreduce liver fibrosis which might be through the inhibi-tion of stellate cell activity.     

水飞蓟素、己酮可可碱对大鼠胆管阻塞性肝纤维化的疗效及机制

目的研究水飞蓟素（SIL）、己酮可可碱（PTX）以及两者联合应用的抗纤维化疗效。方法雄性SD大鼠100只，随机分为5组，每组20只，分别为假手术对照组、纤维化模型组、水飞蓟素治疗组（每天50mg／kg）、己酮可可碱治疗组（每天16mg／kg）、联合治疗组。制备胆管堵塞性（BDO）肝纤维化模型。6周后，处死大鼠，取肝组织进行病理学观察并测定肝组织匀浆中的羟脯氨酸（HYP）含量，检测Ⅰ型前胶原mRNA（procol—Ⅰ mRNA）和组织金属蛋白酶抑制因子1mRNA（TIMP—ⅠmRNA）的表达水平。检测血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（γ-GT）、总胆红素（TBIL）、直接胆红素（DBIL）、透明质酸（HA）和层连蛋白（LN）水平。结果①与对照组比较，SIL治疗组组织学评分（2．50）比模型组（3．38）明显下降（P〈0．01），肝脏HYP减少了35％，Procol—ⅠmRNA下降了35％，TIMP—ⅠmRNA下降了29％。血清HA比模型组降低了30％，LN下降了17％。②PTX治疗组在病理组织学上与水飞蓟素组相似，组织学评分（2．50），HPY比模型组降低38％，Procol—ⅠmRNA减少了33％，TIMP—ⅠmRNA没有减少，并有轻度升高，但无显著性差异。血清HA降低34％，LN下降了13％。③在组织学上，联合治疗组与单独用药相比无明显差别，组织学评分（2．50），与模型组比较，HPY减少了39％，procol-ⅠmRNA降低了33％，但与单独用药组无显著差异。TIMP—ⅠmRNA水平比模型组及PTX组分别降低了25％和27％，并有显著差异，但与SIL组无显著差异。血清HA下降了33％，LN下降了14％，与单独用药组无显著差异。结论单独应用水飞蓟素和己酮可可碱，均改善纤维化程度。两者联合应用与单独用药相比，没有明显差异。这可能TIMP—ⅠmRNA的上调未得到有效对抗有关。     

铁沉积对大鼠肝纤维化影响的机制研究

目的探讨铁沉积对大鼠肝纤维化影响的机制。方法随机将39只SD大鼠分为模型组和空白对照组,采用二甲基亚硝胺(DMN,10μL·kg-1)腹腔注射,制作大鼠肝纤维化模型。造模大鼠在注射DMN 1 w后,再将模型大鼠随机分为模型组(15只)和去铁铵组(12只)。两组大鼠分别自第3 w开始腹腔注射生理盐水或100 mg·kg-1去铁铵,3次/w,2 w后处死动物。取肝组织分别行HE染色、Masson染色、普鲁士蓝染色;采用免疫组化法检测肝组织α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达;采用火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定大鼠肝组织铁浓度(HIC);采用ELISA法检测大鼠血清铁蛋白、转铁蛋白;使用全自动生化分析仪检测肝功能、血清铁水平;采用PCR法检测肝组织转化生长因子(TGF)-β1 m RNA水平。结果肝组织病理学检查显示,伴随着胶原纤维的沉积、肝细胞变性坏死和肝星状细胞(HSC)大量活化,模型组大鼠铁负载显著增加;铁沿纤维间隔分布,主要沉积于库普弗细胞(KC)和HSC;模型组肝组织铁浓度为(0.778±0.098)mg/g,空白对照组为(0.436±0.043)mg/g,两组差别有统计学意义(LSD-t=5.15,P0.01);去铁铵组为(0.595±0.146)mg/g,显著低于模型组(LSD-t=-2.76,P0.05);模型组血清铁蛋白和转铁蛋白分别为(47.657±27.851)ng/m L和(0.322±0.099)mg/m L,空白对照组分别为(24.166±27.626)ng/m L和(0.653±0.170)mg/m L,去铁铵组分别为(10.261±12.466)ng/m L和(0.584±0.180)mg/m L,说明模型组铁蛋白明显增加,血清转铁蛋白明显减少,与空白对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(LSD-t=2.21和-4.78,P0.05和P0.01);去铁铵能明显降低血清铁蛋白水平,增加血清转铁蛋白水平,与模型组比较差异有统计学意义(LSD-t=-3.52和3.77,P0.05和P=0.01);模型组肝组织TGF-β1m RNA水平为(11.896±0.63),空白对照组为(2.292±0.222),两组差别有统计学意义(LSD-t=25.95,P0.01),去铁铵组为(7.481±0.745),显著低于模型组(LSD-t=-11.95,P0.01)。结论铁沉积对肝纤维化的发生发展起到重要作用,其机制可能与铁沉积于KC和HSC并促进HSC活化有关。     

氧化苦参碱抗肝纤维化作用的病理学研究

目的　研究氧化苦参碱对实验性大鼠肝纤维化的治疗作用 ,并探讨其作用机理。方法　 80只Wistar大鼠 ,随机挑选72只给予皮下注射 5 0 %四氯化碳及以 10 %酒精替代饮用水 ,其余 8只作为正常对照组 (N组 ) ,8周后造模组中随机处死 16只 (M组 )证实肝纤维化形成 ,剩下肝纤维化大鼠随机分成二组 ,分别给予氧化苦参碱腹腔注射 (T组 ,10 0mg·kg-1·d-1)和生理盐水腹腔注射 (R组 ,10mg·kg-1·d-1) ,疗程为 9周 ,实验结束时全部大鼠采血后处死 ,分别行HE染色评估肝纤维化程度 (采用纤维化半定量计分系统 ,SSS)、免疫组化法检测肝组织中TGFβ1水平、Masson染色法评估肝组织中胶原纤维百分比。 结果　氧化苦参碱组 (T组 )大鼠肝纤维化程度较自然恢复组 (R组 )明显减轻 ( 7.5 4± 2 .2vs10 .44± 3 .0 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,两组大鼠肝组织中胶原面积密度差异显著( 10 .4± 3 .0vs 16.8± 3 .5 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;T组血清转氨酶显著高于R组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,M组大鼠肝组织TGFβ1的表达较N组明显升高( 12 5 .2± 2 2 .7vs 3 0 .5± 9.5 ,P <0 .0 1) ,氧化苦参碱治疗后肝组织TGFβ1明显减少 (P <0 .0 1)。 结论　氧化苦参碱具有明显的逆转肝纤维化作用 ,其机理可能与其降低TGFβ1的表达有关     

四氯化碳肝纤维化大鼠肝组织差异蛋白质组的动态变化

目的 探索肝纤维化形成过程中肝组织蛋白质组的变化,部分解析肝纤维化发生、发展的病理生理机制. 方法 采用四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导大鼠肝纤维化模型,应用双向凝胶电泳技术分离大鼠肝组织总蛋白质,经考马斯亮蓝染色、图像分析、识别差异表达的蛋白质点,应用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间串联质谱及数据库查询鉴定差异蛋白质点.采用Western blot、免疫组织化学方法对细胞角蛋白(CK)8、CK18进行蛋白质表达水平的验证.计量资料采用单因素方差分析中的LSD法或非参数检验中的H检验进行统计学分析. 结果 大鼠造模后,随时间的推移,肝纤维化评分逐渐增加(3周组＜6周组＜9周组),建立了正常大鼠和大鼠CCl4肝纤维化形成过程3、6、9周肝组织双向凝胶电泳图谱,质谱鉴定了44种差异蛋白质;采用Western blot、免疫组织化学方法对CK8、CK18的验证结果与双向凝胶电泳结果基本一致.正常组及3、6、9周模型组CK8/CK18蛋白相对表达量分别为:0.113±0.005/0.170±0.030、0.473±0.046/0.530±0.070、0.682±0.087/0.780±0.080、0.837±0.096/1.390±0.130,各组间差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为196.085/74.088、13.870/16.115、75.800/75.900,P值均＜0.01). 结论 CCl4大鼠肝纤维化形成与发展过程中差异表达蛋白质的功能主要涉及细胞生长、发育与分化,细胞增殖与凋亡,血管新生或重构,氧化应激,物质代谢及转运,信号转导等.     

Impaired balance of T helper 17/T regulatory cells in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice

AIM:To investigate the effect of T helper(Th)17/T regulatory(Treg)cells on hepatic fibrosis in mice and its possible mechanism.METHODS:Hepatic fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride.Hepatic pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining;the protein levels of interleukin(IL)-6,transforming growth factor(TGF)-βandα-smooth muscle actin(SMA)in liver tissue were determined by Western blotting;and the frequency of Th17 and Treg cells in the liver was estimated by flow cytometry.In addition,hepatic stellate cells were isolated from healthy mouse liver and co-cultured with Th17 or Treg cells.Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were performed to determine the change in HSC activation.RESULTS:In the model group,there were different degrees of fibroplasia,degeneration and necrosis.The protein levels of IL-6,TGF-βandα-SMA in liver tissue were significantly higher than those in the control group at 12 wk(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the frequency of Th17 cells in the model group was increased but the frequency of Treg cells decreased gradually.Furthermore,at 4,8 and 12 wk,there were significant differences in the number of Th17 cells(0.52%±0.16%,1.46%±0.24%,and2.60%±0.41%,respectively,P<0.05)and Treg cells(2.99%±0.40%,2.16%±0.50%,and 1.49%±0.34%,respectively,P<0.05).In vitro,Th17 cells promoted,whereas Treg cells inhibited the expression ofα-SMA,both in a dose-dependent manner,compared with the control group.CONCLUSION:Th17/Treg imbalance exists in mice with liver fibrosis,which potentially promotes liver fibrosis via HSC activation.     

肝纤维化的发病机制

1.肝纤维化的概念：1978年世界卫生组织专家组将纤维化定义为胶原的过度形成,因为当时认为胶原是纤维化肝脏最突出的结缔组织成分,经过20多年的研究,目前认为肝纤维化是指各种原因引起的动态创伤-愈合过程,在这个过程中,肝脏中的多种ECM成分含量不断增加。有研究表明,肝硬化时肝脏Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ型胶原分别为正常肝脏的8、4、14、8和10倍,[第一段]     

软肝合剂对实验性大鼠肝纤维化的预防作用

应用ＲＩＡ法、分光光度法、Ｍａｓｓｏｎ氏及Ｇｏｍｏｒｉ氏染色技术，分组对照观察了软肝合剂和秋水仙碱对四氯化碳中毒性大鼠肝纤维化的预防作用。结果表明：软肝合剂组大风血清谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶、脂质过氧化物均较秋水仙碱组显著下降（ Ｐ＜０． ０５）；软肝合剂组大鼠血清 ＰＣⅢ含量非常显著地低于秋水仙碱组（ Ｐ ＜０．０１）；病理改变软肝合剂组显著较秋水仙碱组和模型对照组减轻（ Ｐ ＜０．０５） ；网状纤维增生程度，软肝合剂组大鼠显著较秋水仙碱组轻（ Ｐ ＜０． ０５）；胶原纤维增生程度，软肝合剂组和秋水仙碱组间无显著性差异（ Ｐ＞０． ０５）。提示软肝合剂具有较秋水仙碱强的预防肝纤维化作用。     

小剂量二乙基亚硝胺诱导大鼠肝纤维化模型的建立

目的 探讨采用小剂量二乙基亚硝胺（DEN）诱发大鼠肝纤维化实验性模型的方法。方法 取Wistar大鼠30只,随机分为模型组和正常组,每组15只。给予模型组DEN溶液10 mg·kg^-1灌胃,1次/d。在10周后,处死动物,取肝组织行病理学检查和细胞超微结构观察。测定血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）含量。结果 模型组动物血清ALT和AST水平分别为（410.1±93.6） U/L和（399.7±90.9） U/L,显著高于对照组【（56.51±11.2） U/L 和（63.26±10.0）U/L,P<0.001】,模型动物血清SOD、GSH-Px和MDA活性分别为（83.08±22.0) U/mg、（24.65±2.0） U/mg和（9.78±2.0) nmol/mg,与对照组比,均有显著性差异【（178.57±22.8）U/mg、（45.16±2.9）U/mg和（3.76±0.7）U/mg,P<0.01】;模型组动物肝组织肝细胞变性、增生、坏死和假小叶形成,超微结构改变以肝细胞核内异染色质增加、细胞器数量减少、基质密度降低和肝糖元减少表现为主。结论 采用小剂量DEN能成功诱导大鼠肝纤维化模型,造模成功率高,病变稳定。     

肝纤维化的靶向治疗

肝纤维化是各种致病因子造成肝细胞损伤,激活库普弗细胞并使之分泌多种细胞因子,随同血小板、炎性细胞等分泌的多种细胞因子共同作用于HSC,使之转化为肌成纤维细胞；细胞因子同时激活纤维母细胞,合成并分泌大量的ECM沉积在肝Disse间隙内,抑制肝细胞生长因子及胶原酶的合成和分泌,导致肝纤维化形成,Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原是ECM的主要成分。[第一段]