Retinal vasculitis--an initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus

Retinal vasculitis is an intra-ocular inflammatory condition with diverse aetiology and a rare manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus, often associated with antiphospholipid antibodies. A 13 years male presented with fever for 20 days associated with photosensitive skin rashes. Three years back he had suffered painless, progressive dimness of vision. Then a clinical diagnosis of retinal vascular occlusion was made. Examination revealed his visual acuity was reduced to finger counting at 3 metres distance and extensive retinal vasculitis in the right eye. His serum antinuclear factor was positive in high titre. A final diagnosis was made as systemic lupus erythematosus. He was treated with methylprednisolone. His fever subsided, skin rashes healed and vision did not deteriorate further.     

Unusual association of Kikuchi's disease and dengue virus infection evolving into systemic lupus erythematosus

Kikuchi's disease is a histologically alarming self-limiting condition typically affecting the lymph nodes of young females. A 13-year-old girl was presented with fever, skin rash and cervical lymphadenopathy. On examination she was found febrile, mild pallor was present and she had lymphadenopathy. Liver was palpable. Cervical lymph node biopsy showed histiocytic necrotising lymphadenitis (Kikuchi's disease). Dengue virus serology for IgG blot showed evidence of seroconversion in serial samples. She was treated with antibiotics and fluconazole and cyclosporin A. During hospitalisation she developed retinal vasculitis. She was reviewed after one month and showed rashes of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. This case can be described to be a triggering event by dengue viral infection causing abnormal immune response leading initially to Kikuchi's disease and later on to systemic lupus erythematosus.     

3例新生儿社区登革热感染临床分析

回顾性分析2014年广东省妇幼保健院和中山大学附属广州市妇女儿童医疗中心收治的社区感染新生儿登革热3例的临床资料。3例登革热患儿均为男性,出生22~29 d,发病时间为出生后20~24 d。临床特征：发热3例,皮疹2例,出血点1例,均为休克表现;传播途径：有明确蚊虫叮咬1例,登革热患者密切接触史1例。实验室检查：血小板减少3例（42×10⁹/L~98×10⁹/L）,白细胞增高2例（5.6×10⁹/L~13.8×10⁹/L）,凝血功能、肝功能、心肌酶、C-反应蛋白（CRP）均正常。经抗感染、静脉注射丙种球蛋白治疗,住院时间4~10 d,均治愈出院。资料显示社区新生儿登革热感染临床表现以发热、血小板减少为主,临床症状较轻,缺乏特异性,预后良好。     

Bilateral atypical optic neuritis associated with tuberculosis in an immunocompromised patient

A 27 year-old lady, presented with sudden loss of vision in the right eye for a week. It was followed by poor vision in the left eye after 3 days. It involved the whole entire visual field and was associated with pain on eye movement. She was diagnosed to have miliary tuberculosis and retroviral disease 4 months ago. She was started on anti-TB since then but defaulted highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). On examination, her visual acuity was no perception of light in the right eye and 6/120 (pinhole 3/60) in the left eye. Anterior segment in both eyes was unremarkable. Funduscopy showed bilateral optic disc swelling with presence of multiple foci of choroiditis in the peripheral retina. The vitreous and retinal vessels were normal. Chest radiography was normal. CT scan of orbit and brain revealed bilateral enhancement of the optic nerve sheath that suggest the diagnosis of bilateral atypical optic neuritis. This patient was managed with infectious disease team. She was started on HAART and anti-TB treatment was continued. She completed anti-TB treatment after 9 months without any serious side effects. During follow up the visual acuity in both eyes was not improved. However, funduscopy showed resolving of disc swelling and choroiditis following treatment.     

Accelerated diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy--a real and present danger

A 36 year-old Malay lady with diabetes mellitus in pregnancy and poorly controlled hypertension developed rapid progression of diabetic retinopathy from no retinopathy to florid proliferative retinopathy over three months in her right eye. She had subsequent loss of vision due to vitreous haemorrhage in the peri-partum period. She had good final visual acuity with quiescent retinopathy following pars planar vitrectomy. A similar course was avoided in the left eye by timely pan retinal photocoagulation.     

Unilateral central serous chorioretinopathy in a pregnant Nigerian woman

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is an idiopathic condition characterized by serous detachment of the neurosensory retina in the macular region. It is relatively uncommon in Africans and though pregnancy is a known risk factor, there are no previous reports of CSCR in pregnant African women. We report the case of a 35-year-old pregnant woman who presented to our clinic at gestational age of 29 weeks with a 4 months history of blurring of vision in her left eye. Examination revealed visual acuity of 6/4 on the right eye and 6/9 on the left eye. She had normal anterior segments bilaterally and a normal posterior segment on the right. However, she had left macular edema with exudates. There was no significant refractive error. Her blood pressure was normal. Investigations including electrolytes and urea, urinalysis, and blood sugar profile were all normal. She was managed conservatively, and symptoms resolved 2 weeks prior to delivery. This is a case report of CSCR in a pregnant Nigerian woman with spontaneous resolution of symptoms prior to delivery. Pregnant women should be educated about the possibility of visual problems accompanying pregnancy.     

Cyclic esotropia

Cyclic esotropia is a rare condition in which esotropia alternates with binocular single vision (BSV). A five years old female child presented with the complain of acute onset infrequent squinting of left eye (L/E) for 3 years. Squinting of L/E starts in morning and persists throughout the day. The child becomes completely normal on the following morning without any residual effect. Initially there was 24 hours squinting followed by several months of non-squinting. Gradually interval is lessening. For the last 6 months, she was esotropic for 24 hours and non-esotropic for another 24 hours. She complains of no diplopia during the attack. On examination she is otherwise healthy and hypermetropic by +0.50Dsph on cycloplegic refraction with normal visual acuity (6/6, N5). She was 50 prism diopter esotropic in her left eye on esotropic day both for distant and near fixation and had alternate suppression. Ocular motility is full. Anterior and posterior segment reveals no abnormality. There is BSV with positive stereoscopic vision on Titmus test (40 sec of Arc) on non-esotropic day. This case can be treated surgically either by bilateral medial rectus recession or by recession of medial rectus and resection of lateral rectus of the eye according to the amount of esotropia on the esotropic day.     

Coats病治疗的临床观察

目的观察Coats病的临床治疗效果。方法回顾分析安阳市眼科医院治疗的15例（15只眼）Coats病患者的临床资料,男性14例14只眼,女性1例1只眼,均单眼发病,年龄7～46岁,平均20.0岁,所有患者治疗前后进行视力、眼底及眼底荧光造影检查（FFA）。依据Shields所述分期标准,将15只眼进行分期。1期1只眼占0.5%;2期12只眼占80.0%;3期2只眼占13.3%,其中1、2期13只眼接受视网膜激光治疗,激光治疗2次者1只眼,2次以上者13只眼,激光治疗间隔时间1.5～3个月。3期2只眼行激光联合巩膜外冷凝治疗。结果治疗后随访6～36个月,平均18个月。1、2期Coats病行视网膜激光治疗13只眼,治疗后视力提高明显,恢复2行以上,末次视网膜激光治疗后3个月行FFA检查：渗漏停止,渗出吸收。激光联合巩膜外冷凝治疗的2只3期Coats病眼最终视网膜脱离复位,病情控制,但视力无提高。结论 Coats病多发于男性,各年龄段均可发病,多单眼发病,最本质特征是微血管异常扩张,伴有黄白色脂质渗出,严重者视网膜脱离,对视力损害严重,早期诊断及时治疗至关重要。     

血清新蝶呤检测对登革病毒感染的早期评估

目的探讨血清新蝶呤检测在登革病毒感染早期诊断中的潜在应用价值。方法检测110例登革热(DF)病人血中新蝶呤的含量,将其与50份水痘病人和40份流感病人血中新蝶呤的含量进行比较,155份来自健康献血员的血清作为对照。结果急性期登革热病人血中新蝶呤的平均含量为48.2nmol/L,高于水痘病人、流感病人和健康对照者血中的平均含量(分别为36.3nmol/L、18.8nmol/L和6.7nmol/L,P<0.001)。在已经确诊的登革热病人中,症状出现第一天即可检测到血中新蝶呤含量升高,且在病程第四天升至最大值54.3nmol/L。血中新蝶呤含量升高的水平与热程相关,因而可以用来确定病程长短。结论登革热病人血中新蝶呤含量较健康对照者以及其它病毒感染者显著升高(P<0.001),可以作为早期确定登革热严重程度的指标。     

广州市2010-2012年登革热临床诊断报告现况分析

目的分析广州市2010-2012年登革热病例诊断报告情况,探讨登革热病人发病后到疫情报告的影响因素,为进一步加强疾病监测,避免登革热疫情扩散蔓延提供参考。方法对广州市2O10-2012年网络直报病例、部分现场调查病例的发病后就诊、诊断、报告等时间间隔特点进行分析,探讨登革热病人从发病至报告中各环节时间问隔的影响因素。结果 311例网络直报病例中,发病至诊断的时间为发病至报告的主要时间段(中位数7 d),原始报告为确诊病例(临床诊断病例及实验室诊断病例)的发病至诊断时间较原始报告为疑似病例的发病至诊断时间长(中位数相差1 d),其差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。259例现场调查病例中,影响登革热病例从发病至报告的时间最主要的是发病至诊断的时间(中位数8 d)。结论广州市登革热疫情报告及时性的主要影响因素为病例诊断的及时性,各相关单位应提高及早发现病例、及早报告,及早处理的能力。     

Astigmatic reduction after dermoid excision in a child with Goldenhar syndrome

BackgroundGoldenhar syndrome is a rare congenital disorder. Limbal dermoid associated with this syndrome can cause high astigmatism and amblyopia in children. We report significant reduction in astigmatism, after limbal dermoid excision with lamellar keratoplasty, in a rare case of Goldenhar syndrome. A three-year-old female patient, with left-sided limbal dermoid with high astigmatism and amblyopia, was referred to us for visual rehabilitation. The patient had left-sided limbal dermoid and preauricular appendages. Oral examination revealed bifid labial frenum, a deep antegonial notch on the left side of the mandible and missing left upper central incisor teeth. She was diagnosed as a case of Goldenhar syndrome. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 20 of 20 in the right eye and 20 of 200 in the left eye. Refraction showed astigmatism of 10 diopters in her left eye. She underwent limbal dermoid excision with lamellar keratoplasty in her left eye, after which her astigmatism reduced considerably. Early surgical intervention is recommended in cases of limbal dermoid with high astigmatism as it provides not only good cosmetic but also good visual benefits by early institution of treatment for amblyopia.     

Retinal pigment epithelial change and partial lipodystrophy

Cuticular drusen and retinal pigment epithelial changes were found incidentally in a 27 year old Lebanese woman during assessment of partial lipodystrophy. Her vision was normal despite involvement of both maculae. The patient had hypocomplementaemia, but serum C3 nephritic factor was absent and renal function was normal. She had impaired glucose tolerance and a continuous infusion of glucose with model assessment (CIGMA) test revealed low normal tissue insulin sensitivity and high normal pancreatic beta cell function. Mild fasting hypertriglyceridaemia (2.0 mmol/l) may have been secondary to impaired insulin sensitivity. Endocrine function was otherwise normal apart from a completely absent growth hormone response to adequate hypoglycaemia. The simultaneous occurrence of partial lipodystrophy and retinal pigmentary epithelial and basement membrane changes appears to be a newly recognized syndrome.     

人眼视网膜凹陷发育的观察

①目的 观察人眼视网膜凹陷的组织学发育。②方法 选择胚胎７～３８周眼球标本４１４例４１４眼及６１例６１眼尸检眼球切片,观察了视网膜凹陷处视网膜神经节细胸（ＲＧＣ）、内核层（ＩＮＬ）及视锥细胞核的层数,了解ＩＮＬ中Ｃｈｉｅｖｉｔｚ层数出现与消失的时间,视锥细胞内、外段及Ｈｅｎｌｅｎ纤维出现的时间。③结果 凹陷部位的开矿自胚胎１６周时局部微隆,到胚胎２４周时开始微凹陷,此后凹陷渐加深,ＲＧＣ和ＩＮＬ层     

海口市2010—2020年输入性登革热流行病学特征

Objective This study intends to understand the epidemiological characteristics of imported dengue fever in Haikou city from 2010 to 2020, we provide references for dengue fever prevention and control in Haikou city. Methods The epidemiological investigation and laboratory nucleic acid test data of dengue fever cases in Haikou City from 2010 to 2020 were collected, and analyzed by Excel 2010 and SPSS 20.0 software, to describe the epidemiological characteristics of imported dengue fever cases. Results A total of 72 cases of imported dengue fever were reported in Haikou City from 2010 to 2020, 53 cases were imported from abroad (73.61%) and 19 cases were imported domestically (26.39%), all of which were mild. The number of imported cases from 2017 to 2019 increased by 1 321.68% compared with the average annual imported cases from 2010 to 2016. The cases were concentrated in the main urban area (97.22%), distributed in the streets in the main urban area. The peak of case imported occurred in August-November,in addition, the domestic imported cases were concentrated in September-October. The ratio of male to female was 2.27∶1, and the average age was (34.93 ±1.55) years old. Working, doing business and visiting relatives accounted for 84.22% in China. Overseas workers, business and tourism accounted for 77.78%. There was a significant difference in the reasons for going out between domestic and overseas imported cases (χ2=75.10,P< 0.05). Among the imported sources, Southeast Asia accounted for 94.34% of overseas imported cases, and Guangdong Province accounted for 57.89% of domestic imported cases. The median of onset to diagnosis was 3 days, the first diagnosis rate was 77.78% (56/72), and the screening rate of people who have been infected before entering the country was 28.57%. Most of the dengue viruses infected were type I and type II, accounted for 84.72%. Conclusion The imported cases of dengue fever in Haikou city have gradually changed from scattered occurrence to rapid growth; we should strengthen the publicity and education of dengue fever among migrant workers, businessmen, tourists and relatives in the main urban area of Haikou City, and improve the awareness of disease prevention and medical treatment, strengthen quarantine inspection and medical examination of entry personnel from Southeast Asian countries as well as dengue fever diagnosis and treatment training in grass-roots medical institutions, which can effectively reduce the risk of local transmission caused by imported dengue fever cases. © 2021 Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control. All right reserved.     

Two cases of exudative retina detachment and uveitis following H1N1 influenza vaccination

Uveitis was a rare adverse event of vaccination. We met two cases of acute uveitis with exudative retinal detachment following vaccination of H1N1 influenza. Case 1 was a 10-year-old boy who was admitted for bilateral blurred vision at 10 days after vaccination of H1N1 influenza. Vitreous opacity was obvious in both eyes. Broad exudative retinal detachment was observed in the right eye. Case 2 was a 47-year-old female who suffered from an acute high fever at 2 days after the vaccination of H1N1 influenza. Later, she encountered bilateral headache and decreasing vision. In both eyes, mutton fat keratic precipitates, positive Tyndall phenomenon, congestion of optic disc and exudative retinal detachment were observed.

     

广东阳江市2001和2006年两次登革热流行特征分析

目的分析阳江市2001和2006年两次登革热流行特征，为今后防制工作提供参考。方法收集临床个案和疫点流行病学调查资料；病人采血检测登革病毒IgM抗体，用C6／36细胞分离登革病毒，并用单克隆抗体鉴定型别。结果阳江市2001年8月初至11月初发生登革热流行流行102d，高峰8上旬～10月中旬，确诊136例，发病率为5．31／10万；2006年6月下旬至9月上旬发生疫情，共流行67d，高峰8月中下旬，确诊22例，发病率0，84／10万；病例的消长情况与当地的蚊媒消长情况一致；8～11月份布雷图指数为0．00～111．00；实验诊断150例，临床确诊8例，从13例病人血标本中分离到11株病毒，均为登革病毒Ⅰ型。结论阳江市两次流行的登革热病例病情以轻型居多，发病人群以青壮年为主，人群在流行后经过5～6年普遍易感，流行高峰在8～10月，皆发现白纹伊蚊是当地的传播媒介。     

Von Hippel angioma

We report a three year follow up of a 35-year-old Indian gentleman who presented with sudden, painless blurring of left (L) eye vision with initial visual acuity (VA) of 6/60. Fundoscopy revealed (L) vitreous haemorrhage and subsequently confirmed a (L) inferotemporal capillary haemangioma. The adjacent area of capillary haemangioma was treated with barricade argon laser photocoagulation to prevent progression of exudative retinal detachment inferiorly. Subsequent follow up showed mild regression of capillary haemangioma with maintenance of (L) eye vision at 6/9.     

Sudden hearing loss as the initial manifestation of chronic myeloid leukemia in a child

Hearing loss and blindness rarely occur in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In this article, we present a 12-year-old girl who had right-side hearing loss as the initial manifestation of CML, followed by left-side hearing loss and blindness of the left eye several days after initiating treatment. The initial white cell count was 181,700/mm3. Audiometry showed severe sensorineural hearing loss of her right ear and moderate mixed hearing loss of the left ear. An ophthalmic examination showed optic neuropathy with subhyaloid hemorrhage in the left eye. A brain magnetic resonance image showed minor hemorrhaging in the right lower frontal area and anterior thalamus. These findings might have implied leukostasis with hyperviscosity syndrome. She died on the 9th hospital day. This case illustrates that CML should be considered 1 of the rare diagnoses in a patient with sudden onset of hearing loss.     

辽宁省2014—2018年登革热流行特征分析

目的 分析辽宁省近年来登革热疫情特点及流行规律,为制定预防控制措施提供依据。方法 收集国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统2014—2018年登革热基本信息,个案流行病学调查资料,用描述流行病学方法分析登革热的流行特征和流行因素。结果 2014—2018年辽宁省共报告登革热输入病例38例,无死亡;各月均有病例报告,主要集中在沈阳（占52.63%）,男女比例为1.38∶1,以20~<50岁的青壮年（占84.21%）为主,职业多为家务及待业、工人;输入来源主要是东南亚、南亚（25例,占65.79%）,其次是非洲（7例,占18.42%）;发病到诊断时间中位数7 d。结论 辽宁省登革热均为输入性病例,加强重点人群健康宣教,提高早期诊断和报告能力,尽快采取控制措施是防制登革热的关键。     

A fatal case of community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus brain abscess in a previously healthy adolescent

A 16-year-old adolescent presented with fever, lethargy and vomiting associated with mild dehydration. This was followed less than 24-hours later by loss of consciousness, seizures and clinical brain death. She had no prior medical illness, no hospital or frequent antibiotic exposure. There was no evidence of soft tissue or skin infection. Management included intravenous fluids, ampicillin and cefotaxime parenterally, dexamethasone, endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Her neurologic examination remained unchanged with areflexia, flaccid paralysis and fixed pupils. Post-mortem examination revealed an eight-centimetre right fronto-parietal lobe brain abscess. Cultures were positive for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Although formerly a nosocomial pathogen affecting debilitated patients in the hospital setting, S aureus that is methicillin resistant is emerging as a community acquired pathogen affecting previously well patients.