颈椎病合并出现痉挛性斜颈一例

患者男性 ,33岁 ,未婚。因反复颈部不适 ,逐渐出现颈部阵挛性不自主扭动二年余。于 1999年 2月 2 4日入院。患者伏案工作 ,十年前即感颈肩部不适 ,未引起重视。两年来工作紧张压力大 ,感颈肩部酸胀痛加重 ,使头部轻微摇动后可缓解症状 ,日久发展成头部难以自控的不自主地向左扭转、摇动 ,呈阵挛性。情绪或工作紧张时头部不自主扭转次数频率增多。睡眠时不自主扭转、摇动等症状消失 ;行走时双眼不能向前平视 ,双眼无屈光不正 ,视力正常 ,头稍向左偏斜即出现头部摇动 ,该症状的出现使患者心情极不平静 ,心理压力增大。曾请按摩医生治疗 ,按摩…     

手术治疗痉挛性斜颈25例

痉挛性斜颈（spasmodic torticollis，ST）是最常见的局限性肌张力障碍，其发病机制尚未明确。颈神经根切断术和副神经微血管减压术治疗痉挛性斜颈已取得一定的疗效。但这2种手术方法各有利弊，我们总结分析后，开展了副神经微血管减压术结合颈神经根切断术治疗痉挛性斜颈25例，现将结果报告如下。     

微创治疗先天性肌性斜颈28例

先天性肌性斜颈是一侧胸锁乳突肌发生纤维性挛缩后形成的畸形。作者自 1998年用微创手术 ,即小针刀疗法治疗年长儿及成人肌性斜颈 2 8例 ,效果满意 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料本组 2 8例 ,男 15例 ,女 13例。年龄 6～ 2 3岁 ,平均年龄 14岁。均为典型重症肌性斜颈。其中 12岁以上 18例面部畸形表现明显 ,摄片显示存在不同程度的颈椎侧凸。2　治疗方法2 1　麻醉　平卧位 ,头偏向患侧 ,颏偏向健侧。 10岁以下儿童采用基础麻醉加局部麻醉 ,10岁以上及成人用局麻。麻醉剂用 1%利多卡因 (每 10ｍＬ加0 1%付肾素 1滴 )。2 2　手术方法　胸锁乳突…     

中药与针刺治疗痉挛性斜颈一例

×× ,女 ,5 0岁 ,已婚 ,工人。 1996年 8月 2 7日收住本院神经科 ,住院号 :197385。主诉 :强直扭转性颈右斜半年 ,加重 1月。发病原因不明 ,病初呈间歇性强直扭转 ,每次发作持时 2～ 3分钟 ,每天 5～ 10次。 1个月前起发作频率增高 ,以致持续发作 ,仅在睡眠状态下停止。查体 :左侧胸锁乳突肌、右侧头夹肌痉挛 ,颈部各方位活动受限 ,无病理反射。查血清 ,肝、肾功能 ,电解质 ,血脂等指标及Ｘ片 (胸、颈椎 ) ,ＴＣＤ ,头颅ＣＴ ,颈椎核磁共振等均正常。临床诊断 :痉挛性斜颈 (水平旋转型 )。先后予镇静剂 ,抗精神剂 ,抗癫痫药 ,抗震颤麻痹药 …     

柔筋汤治疗脊髓损伤后痉挛性瘫痪疗效观察

目的：观察柔筋汤对脊髓损伤后痉挛性瘫痪的治疗效果。方法：对脊髓损伤后痉挛性瘫痪45例术后使用中药柔筋汤内服;通过治疗前、后脊髓功能的Frankle分级的情况及髌、踝阵挛进行对比研究。结果：最短2个月,最长9个月,平均4个月的随访：髌、踝阵挛均有所改善。结论：采用中药柔筋汤治疗脊髓损伤后痉挛性瘫痪有一定疗效。     

妙纳治疗脊髓损伤后痉挛性膀胱功能障碍的临床观察

目的 :观察妙纳治疗脊髓损伤 (SCI)后痉挛性膀胱功能障碍的临床效果。方法 :34例SCI后痉挛性膀胱功能障碍的患者于服药前和服药后观察膀胱贮尿功能的变化 ,并进行膀胱压力 -容积检测比较。结果 :妙纳治疗后 ,每次排尿量和排尿间隔时间均较用药前明显增加 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,膀胱容量、膀胱壁顺应性等指标较用药前也明显增加 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :妙纳治疗SCI后痉挛性膀胱功能障碍时可改善膀胱的贮尿功能 ,可作为痉挛性膀胱功能障碍药物治疗的又一选择。     

手法治疗婴儿斜颈20例

手法治疗婴儿斜颈２０例福建省厦门第一医院（３６１００３）李楠竹，李有才我院自１９８７年初～１９９１年底，采用伸拉牵引术，门诊治疗婴儿期先天性肌性斜颈３０例，随访２０例，小结如下。临床资料：２０例中男１４例，女６例；左侧５例，右侧１５例；就诊年龄１７天...     

舒筋散结膏辅助治疗早期小儿肌性斜颈113例临床观察

目的研究中药外敷佐治早期小儿肌性斜颈的疗效。方法将113例先天性肌性斜颈患儿随机分成治疗组76例和对照组37例,对照组应用标准化牵伸手法及磁疗,治疗组在对照组基础上,结合舒筋散结膏外敷。结果治疗组总有效率为93.2%,对照组总有效率为75.7%,两组疗效差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论应用活血化瘀中药外敷可提高小儿先天性肌性斜颈的治疗效果。     

胫-腓总神经侧侧缝合治疗下肢痉挛性脑瘫近期效果观察

目的：提出一种治疗下肢痉挛性脑瘫的新方法并探讨其机制。方法：6例下肢痉挛性脑瘫患者。将支配痉挛肌群和支配其拮抗肌群的胫神经和腓总神经干进行侧侧缝合；大腿后侧切口显露两神经干的近端约5cm后相互靠拢，切开两神经相邻面的神经外膜和束膜约2cm，切至神经纤维后，再相互并拢缝合外膜。4例患者手术同时辅以内收肌切断或跟腱延长术。结果：经过5-10个月的随访，6名患者的肢体痉挛，畸形均有缓解，其中5例患儿在不附加额外刺激的情况下，已无痉挛发作，恢复了患肢的主要功能。肢体功能尚随着时间的延长而进一步改善。结论：胫-腓总神经侧侧缝合后，脑瘫患者术后痉挛肌群可获得部分拮抗肌群神经的支配从而通过改变大脑皮层定位来最终缓解肢体痉挛，是治疗脑瘫的新的有效方法之一。     

Bilateral microsurgical lysis of the spinal accessory nerve roots for treatment of spasmodic torticollis

Summary In 1981 we reported about a new surgical procedure for the treatment of spasmodic torticollis (ST). 33 patients, who failed to respond to the available conservative treatment, underwent a bilateral microsurgical lysis (BML) of the spinal accessory nerve roots (SRAN). Anastomoses between SRAN and the dorsal roots of the first and second cervical nerve (DRC 1/DRC 2) were cut. DRC 1 and sometimes DRC 2 were divided bilaterally. Moreover, SRAN was freed of all adhesions and vascular contacts.Up to 60 months after surgery we have exellent results in 5(5), good results in 10(7) and improved symptoms in 12(8) patients. In 3(7) patients symptoms were unchanged, 2(1) patients deteriorated (patients self assessment is given in brackets). One patient died during hospitalisation.Comparing torticollis symptoms and the post-operative outcome it can be shown that patients with horizontal ST have the best results (21 out of 22). Bad results were obtained in patients with combined torticollis symptoms such as retrocollis, antecollis and the rotatory/ horizontal type (5 out of 9).These results support the hypothesis of a peripheral factor in the aetiology of horizontal ST. It is assumed that a unilateral disturbance of proprioceptive afferents for head control, which reach the CNS via anastomosis between DRC 1/DRC 2 and SRAN (in 94% of the cases) could be involved. This hypothesis is discussed with special regard to different anatomical findings in patients with ST and those revealed in a study on human cadavers without this disease.Abbreviations ST spasmodic torticollis - BML bilateral microsurgical lysis - AN accessory nerve - SRAN spinal root of the accessory nerve - DRC dorsal cervical nerve root Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Friedrich Loew on the occasion of his 65th birthday and the 25th anniversary of the Homburg Neurosurgical University Clinic, which has been founded and built up by him.     

Abnormal response from the sternocleidomastoid muscle in patients with spasmodic torticollis: Observations during microvascular decompression operations

Summary Electromyographic (EMG) recordings from patients undergoing microvascular decompression (MVD) operations to relieve spasmodic torticollis were studied. When EMG potentials were recorded from the sternocleidomastoid muscle in response to electrical stimulation of the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) at the neck, an abnormal (delayed) response was seen in 9 of 12 patients who had unilateral symptoms. In 5 patients with bilateral symptoms, no such delayed response was seen. We assume that this abnormal muscle response depends on an abnormal cross-transmission. Neural conduction time measurements, using electrical stimulation of the intracranial portion of the SAN, indicated that the location of this cross-transmission was more central than the vascular compression of the SAN. We hypothesize that this location might be in the motonucleus of the SAN. Similarities between these abnormal EMG findings in patients with spasmodic torticollis and those reported earlier in patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS) are presented.     

Microvascular decompression of the accessory nerve for treatment of spasmodic torticollis: early results in 12 cases

Purpose  

To describe the early effectiveness of microvascular decompression (MVD) for the treatment of spasmodic torticollis (ST).     

Botulinum A toxin for the treatment of spasmodic torticollis: dysphagia and regional toxin spread

Chemodenervation of cervical muscles with botulinum A toxin, although useful in treating spasmodic torticollis, has been associated with dysphagia. Retrospective analysis of dose and injection site (sternomastoid vs. posterior cervical muscle groups) in 26 patients (49 injections) suggested that dysphagia was related to the quantity of toxin injected into the sternomastoid muscle: dysphagia, median 150 IU (7 injections); and no dysphagia, median 100 IU (42 injections; p = 0.026 Wilcoxon test). In a prospective study (31 injections to 24 patients), limiting the dose administered to the sternomastoid to 100 IU, substantially reduced the incidence of dysphagia (0 of 31, p = 0.27, Fisher's exact test). Denervation of human orbicularis muscle fibers, 5 weeks to 4 months after injection of botulinum A toxin for the treatment of blepharospasm, was successfully demonstrated by intense, diffuse acetylcholinesterase staining. A weight-adjusted dose similar to that given for torticollis was injected into longissimus dorsi muscle in 6 albino rabbits. Using the acetylcholinesterase stain as a marker, a diffusion gradient was noted over a distance of 30 to 45 mm from the point of injection and in contralateral muscle 15 to 25 mm from this point. Thus, denervation was demonstrated to occur within a definable area which crossed anatomic barriers, such as fascia and bone. These clinical and laboratory data suggest that dysphagia following botulinum toxin therapy results from toxin spread to pharyngeal musculature from the sternocleidomastoid injection site. Limiting of the injection dose to 100 IU or less to the sternomastoid substantially decreases the incidence of this complication.     

先天性肌性斜颈的两种手术方法比较

目的 探讨先天性肌性斜颈两种手术治疗的方法和效果。方法 回顾性分析86例先天性肌性斜颈患者，其中12岁以内者69例，12岁及大于12岁者17例，根据年龄及畸形严重程度的不同采用不同的治疗术式：胸锁乳突肌下端切断术和胸锁乳突肌上、下端切断术加术后牵引治疗。结果 本组86例中随访72例，随访时间1～7年，平均4．5年。从功能和外观两方面进行了术后评价：12岁以下57例，其中优52例(91．2％)，良5例(8．8％)，无劣级；12岁及大于12岁15例，其中优11例(73．3％)，良4例(26．7％)，无劣级。结论 对先天性肌性斜颈患者，应根据不同情况选择恰当的手术治疗术式，一般均可获得满意的效果。     

Outcome of treatment for congenital muscular torticollis: a study on ages for treatment, treatment methods, and postoperative therapy

The objective of this study is to review the clinical course after surgical treatment of congenital muscular torticollis and investigate the problems. Based on the treatment strategy of our institution for patients with congenital muscular torticollis, we treated young children with unipolar tenotomy of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, with postoperative use of our original brace, and school age or older children with bipolar tenotomy of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and postoperative use of a simple immobilizing brace, mainly a Philadelphia collar. This study included nine patients who underwent unipolar or bipolar tenotomy of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in our department between November 1990 and April 2006. Of these, four were boys and five were girls. Seven had right and two had left torticollis. The age at surgery ranged from 1 year 6 months to 24 years. Five underwent unipolar tenotomy and four underwent bipolar tenotomy. The study period from the first visit to the present ranged from 1 year 6 months to 18 years 9 months. The evaluation was based on the presence of recurrence and the assessment criteria described by Tanabe (Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 122:489–493, 2002). Three of five patients treated with unipolar tenotomy had a second surgery due to recurrence. None of those treated with bipolar tenotomy experienced recurrence. According to Tanabe’s criteria, among the five patients treated with unipolar tenotomy, two were graded as excellent, two fair, and one poor. And among the four treated with bipolar tenotomy, three were graded as excellent and one fair. Although this study included only nine patients treated and followed-up, more than half of those treated with unipolar tenotomy of the sternocleidomastoid muscle experienced recurrence requiring further surgery. Among those treated with bipolar tenotomy, the outcomes were generally good, and no recurrence was observed. Unipolar tenotomy of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in young children requires special attention with regard to recurrence. We decided to conduct bipolar tenotomy in young children and investigate future outcomes.     

Selective denervation and resection of cervical muscles in the treatment of spasmodic torticollis: long-term follow-up results in 207 cases.

OBJECT: To report the outcome of patients with selective denervation and resection of cervical muscles for spasmodic torticollis. METHODS: We reviewed 362 cases of surgically treated spasmodic torticollis. 207 patients were followed from 2 years to 29 years. RESULTS: Total or marked relief of symptoms with preservation of normal of nearly normal movements has been obtained in 87.9%. CONCLUSION: This procedure may be recommended if one to two years of conservative therapy does not offer satisfactory relief of symptoms.     

Selective peripheral denervation for the treatment of intractable spasmodic torticollis: experience with 168 patients at the Mayo Clinic

OBJECT: Selective peripheral denervation is currently the primary surgical treatment for intractable cervical dystonia. The authors assessed preoperative factors to determine which, if any, correlated with outcomes in patients with torticollis who had undergone this procedure. METHODS: The records of 168 consecutive patients who had undergone selective peripheral denervation for cervical dystonia between 1988 and 1996 at the Mayo Clinic were reviewed. There were 89 women (53%) and 79 men (47%) with a mean age of 53.4 years. Selection of muscles for denervation was based on the patient's clinical presentation and electromyography mapping results. The most common torticollis vectors were rotational in 141 patients (84%) and laterocollis in 59 (35%). Seventy patients (42%) presented with combined vectors. The technique used to remedy both conditions involved denervation of the ipsilateral posterior cervical paraspinal and splenius capitis muscles. Denervation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was performed on the contralateral side for rotational torticollis and on the ipsilateral side for laterocollis. A rigorous physical therapy program followed surgery. At the 3-month postoperative evaluation, 125 patients (77%) of the 162 who were available for follow up had moderate to excellent improvement in their head position, and pain was moderately to markedly improved in 131 patients (81%). The long-term follow up lasted a mean of 3.4 years and was undertaken in 130 patients. The original level of moderate to excellent improvement in head position and pain was retained in at least 71 patients (70%). Outcome was not predicted by preoperative head position, severity of abnormal posture of head, symptom duration, presence of tremor or phasic dystonic movements, or failure to respond to botulinum toxin treatment. Five patients recovered from postoperative complications including one myocardial infarction, one pulmonary embolism, and three respiratory failures. Three patients suffered from persistent C-2 distribution dysesthesias and three from slight shoulder weakness; one had a wound infection, and one died of respiratory arrest. CONCLUSIONS: Selective peripheral denervation is an effective method of achieving lasting improvement of dystonia in most patients with intractable torticollis.     

针灸治疗腰痛的国内外研究评述

本研究回顾2005年至今国内外针灸治疗腰痛的研究,发现国内外研究的侧重点不同。国内研究侧重于某个穴位或某种针刺方法治疗腰痛效果,而国外学者研究的重点是针刺是否有效。通过对国内外研究的分析,提出增加样本量、明确纳入标准、采用适当和充足的针刺治疗方法、延长随访时间等建议,希望对今后的针灸治疗腰痛研究有所帮助。