微能量体外冲击波治疗男性勃起功能障碍的疗效观察

目的观察微能量体外冲击波治疗男性勃起功能障碍(ED)的临床疗效。方法选取2018年1月至12月在本院就诊的ED患者22例,采用微能量体外冲击波治疗,每周治疗2次,连续3周,间隔3周,再每周治疗2次,连续3周,共12次。分别在治疗前和治疗后4周、10周评估患者国际勃起功能指数(IIEF-5)、勃起硬度分级(EHS)和不良反应。结果22例患者IIEF-5、EHS在治疗后4周、10周较治疗前有显著改善(P<0.01),而治疗后4周、10周组间比较差异无明显统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗4周和10周总有效率分别为72.73%(16/22)和68.18%(15/22)。结论微能量体外冲击波治疗可以明显改善男性勃起功能障碍,且无明显不良反应。     

低强度体外冲击波在勃起功能障碍中的应用进展

勃起功能障碍(ED)的发病率和就诊率日益增高,尤其在40岁以上人群,且其发病率与年龄呈正相关,预计2025年全球ED患者可达3亿人左右。目前,对ED病理生理学机制的研究逐渐深入,对其治疗也有了诸多突破性的进展,但鲜有在分子水平上针对ED病理学变化进行治疗及康复的措施。而低强度体外冲击波(Li SWT)作为一种新兴无创的微能量临床疾病治疗模式,不仅有望从根本上修复ED患者阴茎海绵体的病理学损伤,更是在目前诸多西医治疗具有一定局限性的情况下(如对口服磷酸二酯酶抑制剂-5无反应),为ED的治疗开辟了一条新的思路。本文旨在介绍ED诊疗的现状、Li SWT目前在国内外动物研究及临床实验中治疗ED的机制及进展,为罹患有ED的患者带来新的曙光。     

低能量冲击波治疗外伤性勃起功能障碍的疗效分析

目的探讨低能量冲击波治疗(LI-ESWT)外伤性勃起功能障碍(ED)的疗效。方法收集2017年8月至2019年9月北京积水潭医院收治的62例外伤后尿道狭窄行尿道吻合术后诊断为外伤性ED患者的病例资料。患者平均年龄(36±11)岁。其中骨盆骨折尿道断裂46例,骑跨伤尿道断裂16例。患者均诉外伤后即出现ED,病史(12.2±4.7)个月。62例中30例采用LI-ESWT(冲击波组),年龄(33±11)岁,病史(12.7±5.1)个月,阴茎勃起硬度评分(EHS)(1.50±0.51)分,国际勃起功能指数(IIEF-5)评分(8.57±3.98)分,其中轻度(12~21分)6例、中度(8~11分)9例、重度(≤7分)15例。32例未接受任何治疗,仅与冲击波组同时间点进行定期随访(对照组),年龄(39±12)岁,病史(11.7±4.4)个月,EHS(1.47±0.51)分,IIEF-5评分(8.50±5.24)分,其中轻度(12~21分)8例、中度(8~11分)9例、重度(≤7分)15例。两组患者一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。冲击波组对3个不同部位(阴茎干和左右侧阴茎脚),发射3000次冲击波,能量强度为0.09 mJ/mm2;每周2次,治疗全程共6周。两组分别于入组前和冲击波治疗后4、8、12周评价观察指标,包括IIEF-5、阴茎夜间勃起测试(NPT)和EHS、性生活日记(SEP2)。结果治疗后冲击波组和对照组的IIEF-5分别为(15.67±3.89)分和(9.41±4.66)分,IIEF-5增加值分别为(7.10±3.79)分和(1.03±0.97)分,EHS分别为(2.60±0.62)分和(1.53±0.51)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。冲击波组和对照组治疗后SEP2问题2回答"是",即阴茎勃起后能成功插入阴道的比例分别为67%(20/30)和0,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。按照IIEF-5增加5分计算有效率,冲击波组和对照组有效率分别为70%(21/30)和0,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。按照EHS评分为≥3分计算有效率,冲击波组和对照组有效率分别为67%(20/30)和0,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。NPT监测冲击波组治疗后符合正常有效勃起16例(53%),对照组0例,差异有统计学性意义(P<0.01)。冲击波组和对照组随访至治疗后8周和12周,两组观察指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。冲击波组治疗过程和治疗后均未发现并发症。结论LI-ESWT能显著改善外伤性ED患者的勃起功能,是外伤性ED有效和安全的治疗方法。     

Comparison of the efficacy of low-intensity shock wave therapy and its combination with platelet-rich plasma in patients with erectile dysfunction

We aimed to compare the efficacy of low-intensity shock wave therapy (Li-SWT) alone and its combination with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). Between January 2015 and October 2020, patients who did not benefit from the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i; 5 mg/day) for at least 3 months and underwent Li-SWT or Li-SWT with PRP were evaluated retrospectively. There were 93 patients who were subjected to Li-SWT only (Group 1) and 91 patients subjected to Li-SWT with PRP (Group 2). Analysis of the International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function Area (IIEF-EF) scores showed a significant increase in both the groups post-treatment (Group 1: from 14.33 ± 4.39 to 23.8 ± 4.37, p = .001; Group 2: from 17.82 ± 3.44 to 26.3 ± 2.55, p = .001). When the increase in the IIEF-EF scores was compared pre- and post-treatment between the groups with respect to the ED grades, there was no statistically significant difference between them. Furthermore, while the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) in successfully treated patients of Group 1 remained the same, Group 2 presented 1.5–3.5 times (mean, 2.4) prolongation. Their mean IELT score showed an increase from 2.2 (0.8–3.5) min to 5.3 (2.8–10.5) min. Our study shows that combination treatment of Li-SWT with PRP injections is not only safe for patients with ED, but also effective and safe in prolonging the IELT.     

Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy for erectile dysfunction: an overview of systematic reviews

BackgroundLow-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (LI-ESWT) may be a successful complementary treatment approach for erectile dysfunction (ED). In this study, we aimed to review and summarize the research evidence from systematic reviews (SRs)/meta-analyses (MAs) regarding the clinical effectiveness of LI-ESWT for ED.MethodsStudies on LI-ESWT for ED were searched using eight electronic databases from establishment of each database to 31 June 2021 with the language restrictions of Chinese and English. All articles were screened, and qualifying data were recorded based on the inclusion criteria. Methods including: the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2); the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS); the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA); and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment Development, and the Evaluation (GRADE) were used by two independent raters to assess methodological quality, risk of bias, reporting quality, and SR evidence of quality, respectively.ResultsEight SRs/MAs met all inclusion criteria. Seven reviews were rated as critically low on overall confidence and one review was low on confidence based on the AMSTAR-2 appraisal tool. While most PRISMA criteria were met, the major reporting flaws were in relation the financial statements not being included, along with no protocol registrations. Three SRs/MAs were classed as low risk regarding bias as measured by the ROBIS tool. Based on the GRADE method, only one SRs/MAs of high-quality evidence and seven SRs/MAs of moderate-quality evidence were found. The present research results supported LI-ESWT as a complementary therapy for ED patients, but the evidence should be considered carefully due to the methodological flaws identified.DiscussionOur results showed that LI-ESWT as an adjunctive therapy has benefits for ED patients. There were no obvious side effects, and the number of shockwave treatments and energy flux density (EFD) would affect the IIEF-EF, EHS and PSV scores. However, due to the limited sample size and the quality of reporting evidence, our conclusions may not be fully representative.     

Diagnosis of hypogonadism in patients treated with low energy shock wave therapy for erectile dysfunction: a narrative review

Several methods of treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) are offered with low energy shock-wave therapy (LESWT) gaining increasing attention. Reports have documented that LESWT stimulates tissue neovascularization, proliferation and differentiation of endothelial cells, and production of nitric oxide - all can improve the condition of erectile tissue. However, the overall and sexual condition of men deteriorates with age which is linked with a constant decrease in testosterone concentration. A higher risk of sexual health disorders and reduced physical fitness correlates with a testosterone concentration of <12 nmol/L. Such patients may require testosterone replacement therapy. We conducted a target literature review to investigate whether testosterone concentration is taken into account in studies on the use of LESWT in the treatment of ED. We found that most studies did not provide any information on testosterone status. Only 8 of 25 studies examined showed values of testosterone concentrations. Only one of these analyses checked the relationship between the efficacy of LESWT and testosterone concentration. As a result, meta-analyses published to date may not show the full value of LESWT in the treatment of ED. We conclude that in the light of the significant role testosterone plays in the process of an erection and the mechanism of LESWT action, it can be recommended to examine testosterone concentration and to diagnose hypogonadism during the qualification of patients to studies on LESWT efficacy. Moreover, the effectiveness of LESWT in relation to the current testosterone concentration should also be further investigated.     

Effect of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy on diabetic erectile dysfunction: Randomised control trial

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT) in the management of erectile dysfunction in diabetic patients with mixed vasculogenic and neurogenic causes as confirmed by nerve conduction and Doppler studies. This randomised controlled trial included 42 patients 41–55 years of age with a confirmed diagnosis of erectile dysfunction and diabetic polyneuropathy. They were randomly allocated to one of two groups: shock wave group (n = 21) treated with Li-ESWT plus pelvic floor muscle training and control Group (n = 21) treated with pelvic floor muscle exercise and sham therapy by a shock wave. The erectile function was scored according to the five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Colour-coded duplex sonography was used for the evaluation of penile perfusion of the two cavernous arteries. The assessment was done before and three months after treatment. IIEF-EF increased significantly in the study group (p < .001), but not in the control group (p = .194). Peak systolic velocity increased significantly in the two groups; however, the post-treatment peak systolic velocity was significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group (p < .001, for both arteries).     

A systematic review of the long-term efficacy of low-intensity shockwave therapy for vasculogenic erectile dysfunction

International Urology and Nephrology - To look at the evidence base for LISWT as a treatment modality for vasculogenic erectile dysfunction, focusing on the long-term outcomes at over 6 months...     

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy combined with engineered mesenchymal stem cells expressing stromal cell-derived factor-1 can improve erectile dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

BackgroundFor erectile dysfunction (ED) in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients who have poor response to drugs, extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and engineered mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy have been studied as alternative treatment options. The objective of this study is to investigate whether ESWT in combination with stromal cell-derived factor-1 expressing engineered mesenchymal stem cell (SDF-1 eMSC) therapy can have synergistic effects on ED in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.MethodsFifty 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (N=10 per group): (I) Normal group, (II) DM ED, (III) DM ED + ESWT group, (IV) DM ED + SDF-1 eMSC group, and (V) DM ED + ESWT + SDF-1 eMSC group. Each groups were treated with bilateral injections of SDF-1 eMSC or ESWT following the experiment protocol for eight weeks.ResultsThe ratio of ICP/MAP was distinctly higher in the DM ED + ESWT + SDF-1 eMSC group than that in the DM ED group. Concentration of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was elevated the highest in the DM ED + ESWT + SDF-1 eMSC group. Additionally, ESWT increased the intensity of SDF-1 expression in the corpus cavernosum. ESWT + SDF-1 eMSC treatment also induced neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and NO/cGMP expression in the corpus cavernosum. Furthermore, numbers of penile progenitor cells were increased in DM ED rats.ConclusionsCombined treatment of ESWT with SDF-1 eMSC treatment is more effective than by a single therapy. It could be used as a potential and effective synergistic treatment for DM ED.     

Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy for male chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundA systematic review of the evidence was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LI-ESWT) for patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS).MethodsA comprehensive search was undertaken of the Cochrane Register, PubMed, and Embase databases for controlled trials that evaluated patients with CPPS who were treated with LI-ESWT and that were published before August 2019. The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) was the most frequently used tool to evaluate the treatment efficacy of LI-ESWT. The NIH-CPSI comprises subscales for pain [using a visual analog scale (VAS)], urinary function, and quality of life (QoL).ResultsSix studies analyzing 317 patients were published from 2009 to 2019. The overall meta-analysis of the data indicated that LI-ESWT demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of CPPS at 12 weeks [risk difference (RD): 0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.28–0.63; P<0.00001]. The studies were divided into 3 groups based on time after LI-ESWT (1, 12, and 24 weeks) and were compared in total NIH-CPSI scores, QoL, VAS scores, and urinary symptoms. The total NIH-CPSI scores, QoL, VAS scores, and urinary symptom scores improved significantly at 12 weeks after LI-ESWT (P<0.05), but not at 1 week or 24 weeks (P>0.05).ConclusionsBased on these studies, LI-ESWT may transiently improve the total NIH-CPSI scores, QoL, pain scores, and urinary symptom scores of patients with CPPS. Future research may elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of LI-ESWT on CPPS. Well-designed and long-term multicenter randomized controlled trials are urgently needed to estimate the real potential and ultimate use of these devices in patients with CPPS.     

Use of Platelet Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Bicipital Tendinopathy in Spinal Cord Injury:: A Pilot Study

The purpose of study is to explore the efficacy and safety of platelet rich plasma (PRP) in the nonoperative management of shoulder tendinopathy amongst individuals with spinal cord injury. This objective was met by completing a pilot study on the effectiveness and safety of a PRP injection into the biceps tendon demonstrating clinical and ultrasonagraphic pathology. Recent analysis of the preliminary pilot data has demonstrated remarkably convincing results demonstrating both the safety and efficacy of this novel intervention.     

聚焦式体外冲击波联合离心锻炼治疗大转子疼痛综合征

目的:探讨聚焦式体外冲击波联合离心锻炼治疗股骨大转子疼痛综合征的临床疗效.方法:2017年9月至2019年6月,将符合研究标准的53例股骨大转子疼痛综合征(greater trochanteric pain syndrome,GTPS)的患者分为观察组(29例)和对照组(24例).观察组,男8例,女21例,年龄38～6...     

The use of fat grafting and platelet‐rich plasma for wound healing: A review of the current evidence

Fat grafting is becoming a common procedure in regenerative medicine because of its high content of growth factors and adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) and the ease of harvest, safety, and low cost. The high concentration of ADSCs found in fat has the potential to differentiate into a wide range of wound‐healing cells including fibroblasts and keratinocytes as well as demonstrating proangiogenic qualities. This suggests that fat could play an important role in wound healing. However retention rates of fat grafts are highly variable due in part to inconsistent vascularisation of the transplanted fat. Furthermore, conditions such as diabetes, which have a high prevalence of chronic wounds, reduce the potency and regenerative potential of ADSCs. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood product rich in growth factors, cell adhesion molecules, and cytokines. It has been hypothesised that PRP may have a positive effect on the survival and retention of fat grafts because of improved proliferation and differentiations of ADSCs, reduced inflammation, and improved vascularisation. There is also increasing interest in a possible synergistic effect that PRP may have on the healing potential of fat, although the evidence for this is very limited. In this review, we evaluate the evidence in both in vitro and animal studies on the mechanistic relationship between fat and PRP and how this translates to a benefit in wound healing. We also discuss future directions for both research and clinical practice on how to enhance the regenerative potential of the combination of PRP and fat.     

Progress and prospect of stem cell therapy for diabetic erectile dysfunction

Diabetic erectile dysfunction (DED) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, significantly impairing the quality of life of patients. The conventional clinical treatment still has limitations. Stem cells (SCs), as a type of cells with multidirectional or directional differentiation capability and sustainable self-renewal potential, are widely used in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. With the continuous update of regenerative medicine theory and the success of animal experiments, SCs as a treatment for male erectile dysfunction, especially DED, have attracted widespread attention because of curable possibility. This review focus on the current progress in the clinical application of SC treatment for DED. Moreover, we summarize the development prospects of SCs in the field of DMED therapy.     

Risk factors for the formation of a steinstrasse after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a statistical model

PURPOSE: We studied the various stone, renal and therapy factors that could affect steinstrasse formation after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), Dornier Medical Systems Inc., Marietta, Georgia to define the predictive factors for its formation. Thus, steinstrasse could be anticipated and prophylactically avoided. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between February 1989 and May 1999, 4,634 patients were treated with a Dornier MFL 5000 lithotriptor (Dornier Med Tech, GmbH, Germany). Renal stones were encountered in 3,403 patients and ureteral stones in 1,231. Steinstrasse were recorded in 184 patients, of whom 74 required intervention and formed the "complicated group." All patient data, stone and renal characteristics, and data of ESWL were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses of patients, stones and therapy characteristics in correlation with the incidence of steinstrasse formation were performed to assign the factors that had a significant impact on steinstrasse formation. RESULTS: The overall incidence of steinstrasse was 3.97%. The steinstrasse was in the pelvic ureter in 74% of the cases, lumbar ureter in 21.7% and iliac ureter in 4.3%. Steinstrasse incidence significantly correlated with stone size and site, the power level (kV.) used during therapy and radiological renal features. Steinstrasse was more common with renal stones more than 2 cm. in diameter in a dilated system, especially with the use of high power (greater than 22 kV.) for disintegration. A statistical model was constructed to estimate the risk of steinstrasse formation accurately. CONCLUSIONS: Stone size and site, renal morphology and shock wave energy are the significant predictive factors controlling steinstrasse formation. If a patient has a high probability of steinstrasse formation, close followup with early intervention or prophylactic pre-ESWL ureteral stenting is indicated.     

体外冲击波疗法联合自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗股骨头坏死

目的应用体外冲击波疗法（ESWT）联合自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗股骨头坏死（ONFH）,分析其治疗效果,探索该病新的保髋治疗方法。方法收集2006年1月至2009年6月在武警总医院收治的股骨头缺血性坏死患者120例180髋,分为空白对照组,单纯ESWT组,单纯干细胞移植组以及联合治疗组,采用髋关节功能评分标准（Harris评分）对患者进行电话随访以及书信随访,对治疗前后髋关节功能进行评价;统计所收集患者的股骨头塌陷情况,比较随访3年时各组股骨头塌陷率。结果ESWT联合自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗ONFH在harris评分明显优于单纯ESWT组（P〈0．05）,以及单纯骨髓干细胞移植术（P〈0．05）,联合疗法3年时股骨头塌陷率明显低于单纯治疗组。结论ESWT联合自体骨髓干细胞移植在治疗ONFH上具有疗效显著,创伤小,患者易于接受等特点,是ONFH保髋治疗的理想方法。     

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy versus on-demand sildenafil for erectile dysfunction

BackgroundLow-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) is an effective therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED) but is not widely recognized and applied. This prospective nonrandomized study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of Li-ESWT.MethodsAfter a 4-week washout period of past ED treatment, patients entered one of 2 active treatment groups, either 9-week Li-ESWT or 100 mg on-demand sildenafil. Patients were evaluated in the first- and third-month following initiation of treatment. The Li-ESWT protocol comprised 2 sessions per week for 3 weeks, which were repeated after a 3-week interval. Patients in the drug group took self-administered sildenafil at a dose of 100 mg before intercourse. The primary outcome was the effectiveness of Li-ESWT measured by the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) scores. Other measurements included erection hardness score (EHS) and Self-Esteem And Relationship (SEAR).ResultsA total of 78 participants completed the study (46 in the Li-ESWT group and 32 in the sildenafil group). Overall, 26.9% of the participants (21/78) included were psychogenic. In the third month, the outcome measured by IIEF-5 was 21.52 in the Li-ESWT group and 21.26 in the sildenafil group (P>0.05). Proportion of improvement defined by minimal clinically important difference (MCID) criteria was 52.2% in the Li-ESWT group and 59.4% in the sildenafil group (P>0.05). The EHS and SEAR improvement was similar in the 2 groups (P>0.05 at baseline and third month). Transient and mild adverse events were observed in both groups.ConclusionsIn our study, a similar treatment efficacy and safety was shown by the application of Li-ESWT as on demand sildenafil.