术中DSA辅助手术切除脑动静脉畸形的安全性及有效性

目的 探讨术中DSA辅助显微手术切除脑动静脉畸形的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年12月术中DSA辅助下显微手术治疗的47例脑动静脉畸形的临床资料。结果 首次切除后术中DSA显示,畸形血管团完全切除10例,有残留37例。术中DSA次数中位数为2.0（2.0,3.5）次。26例采用动脉瘤夹定位畸形血管团位置,定位造影次数中位数为1.5（1.0,2.0）次。术后即刻造影显示畸形血管团完全切除44例,部分残留3例。5例术后出现手术相关并发症。术后随访1年,预后良好（mRS评分≤2分）46例,预后不良1例;DSA随访发现复发7例。结论 术中DSA辅助下手术切除脑动静脉畸形,有助于提高畸形团全切除率,减少手术并发症。     

在复合手术室治疗脑动静脉畸形的初步探讨

目的 总结在复合手术室治疗脑动静脉畸形的经验。方法 2013年12月至2014年12月在复合手术室治疗27例脑动静脉畸形患者,均行手术切除,术中造影判断畸形团是否残留,其中3例一期行切除术和血管内栓塞术。结果 27例中,4例（14.8%）术中血管造影显示畸形团残留,再次切除后行术中造影,显示畸形团消失;一期行切除术和血管内栓塞术3例（均为Spetzler-Martin分级Ⅲ级以上）,术中出血明显减少,均完全切除畸形团。所有患者无造影相关的并发症。术后24例随访6个月至1年,失访3例;其中19例恢复良好,5例有轻度神经功能障碍。结论 在复合手术室治疗脑动静脉畸形能够提高疗效,降低手术相关并发症,为脑动静脉畸形治疗提供了一个新的安全有效的平台。     

荧光造影和B超在脑浅表动静脉畸形手术中的联合应用

目的 探讨B超和吲哚菁绿血管造影(ICGA)在脑浅表动静脉畸形(AVMs)手术中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析自2009年1月至12月北京天坛医院神经外科血管组联合应用B超和ICGA辅助切除的16例脑浅表AVMs患者临床资料,同时分析2种术中辅助技术对AVMs定位、边界确定及血管类型鉴别的作用.结果 术中联合应用ICGA和B超能有效帮助定位AVMs,确定其边界,帮助辨认供血动脉和引流静脉.16例脑浅表AVMs患者共行开颅手术16次,均全切病灶,手术后经DSA证实AVMs无残留.结论 脑浅表AVMs手术中联合应用ICGA和B超能有效帮助准确切除病灶,判断有无畸形残留,具有较高的临床应用价值.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the surgical effect of intraoperative combined use of B-ultrasound and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in the surgery of superficial cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Methods Sixteen patients with superficial cerebral AVMs,admitted to our hospital from January 2009 to December 2009, were performed surgery with the help of intraoperative B-ultrasound and ICGA; the clinical data of these patients were retrospectively collected.The ability of intraoperative B-ultrasound and ICGA in distinguishing AVMs' vessels (draining veins,feeding and nidal arteries) from each other and from normal vessel was both evaluated.Results The combination of B-ultrasound and ICGA allowed accurate and real-time localization of the AVMs' nidus,helped to define the boundary and identify the draining veins and feeding arteries. Total lesion removal was achieved by 16 successful surgeries in 16 patients, which was confirmed by postoperative DSA.Conclusion The combination of B-ultrasound and ICGA in the surgery of superficial cerebral arteriovenous malformations allows accurate and real-time localization of the AVMs' indus and helps to assess the completeness of lesion removal, indicating its value in the surgery of superficial cerebral AVMs.     

荧光造影和B超在脑浅表动静脉畸形手术中的联合应用

目的 探讨B超和吲哚菁绿血管造影(ICGA)在脑浅表动静脉畸形(AVMs)手术中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析自2009年1月至12月北京天坛医院神经外科血管组联合应用B超和ICGA辅助切除的16例脑浅表AVMs患者临床资料,同时分析2种术中辅助技术对AVMs定位、边界确定及血管类型鉴别的作用.结果 术中联合应用ICGA和B超能有效帮助定位AVMs,确定其边界,帮助辨认供血动脉和引流静脉.16例脑浅表AVMs患者共行开颅手术16次,均全切病灶,手术后经DSA证实AVMs无残留.结论 脑浅表AVMs手术中联合应用ICGA和B超能有效帮助准确切除病灶,判断有无畸形残留,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

荧光造影和B超在脑浅表动静脉畸形手术中的联合应用

目的 探讨B超和吲哚菁绿血管造影(ICGA)在脑浅表动静脉畸形(AVMs)手术中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析自2009年1月至12月北京天坛医院神经外科血管组联合应用B超和ICGA辅助切除的16例脑浅表AVMs患者临床资料,同时分析2种术中辅助技术对AVMs定位、边界确定及血管类型鉴别的作用.结果 术中联合应用ICGA和B超能有效帮助定位AVMs,确定其边界,帮助辨认供血动脉和引流静脉.16例脑浅表AVMs患者共行开颅手术16次,均全切病灶,手术后经DSA证实AVMs无残留.结论 脑浅表AVMs手术中联合应用ICGA和B超能有效帮助准确切除病灶,判断有无畸形残留,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

术中超声导航辅助切除脑动静脉畸形

目的探讨术中实时超声导航在脑动静脉畸形(AVM)外科治疗中的应用价值。方法26例脑AVM显微手术切除术中,使用Aloka SSD 4000型超声检查仪扫描,进行AVM定位、辨别供血动脉和引流静脉;确定血肿与AVM的关系以及血流动力学监测。病变切除后重复超声检查AVM残留与否,并与术后脑血管造影结果对比。结果26例畸形血管团均住实时超声下清晰显示并获得全切除。血肿区为高同声无血流信号;供血动脉与正常血管在血流动力学上有差别;术中超声影像所示的病变全切除为术后血管造影所证实。结论术中实时超声能够对脑AVM进行准确定位,指导皮质切口的设计,并可判定病灶是否全切除.对于术前的MRI、DSA检查起到很有价值的补充作用。     

脑血管畸形急性出血并脑内血肿的手术治疗

目的 探讨脑动静脉畸形(AVM) 出血并颅内血肿形成的急诊手术问题.方法 37例CT示颅内血肿,怀疑AVM 出血,32例急诊手术前经MRA检查提示脑AVM21例,其中29例行血肿清除加AVM显微切除术,8例行单纯血肿清除术,10例行去骨瓣减压术.结果 死亡4例,存活33例中恢复优良21例,良7例,差5例. 29例术后复查DSA或MRA,20例AVM消失.结论 急诊显微外科手术治疗是AVM破裂出血首选治疗方法,能够提高脑AVM破裂出血的治愈率,降低致残率.MRA适合急诊术前检查,可快捷、安全显示AVM及主要供血动脉,指导制定手术方案.     

术中B超辅助切除脑动静脉畸形

目的:探讨术中实时超声在脑动静脉畸形(AVM)外科治疗中的应用价值。方法:15例脑AVM患者接受显微外科治疗,术中病变切除前行超声检查,以定位AVM边界与周围脑组织结构关系;辨别供血动脉和引流静脉;确定血肿与AVM的关系。病变切除后重复超声检查AVM残留与否,并与术后血管造影结果对比。结果:15例患者病变均在实时超声导航下获得全切除。畸形血管团可被准确定位和界定范围,血肿区为高回声无血流信号,供血动脉血流动力学有别于正常血管,术中超声影像上病变的全切除为血管造影所证实。结论:术中实时超声能对脑AVM进行准确定位,并可判定脑AVM的全切除;AVM术中定位可为术前MRI、DSA起到有价值的补充。     

Arteriovenous malformations and intraoperative indocyanine green videoangiography: preliminary experience

We report our preliminary clinical experience with microscope-integrated intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography in the treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Nine patients underwent surgical procedures for AVMs. All patients had preoperative and early postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA). In all the procedures, ICG was injected intravenously during AVM occlusion and the removal of the nidus were directly analized into the microscope-integrated video, and they were compared with early postoperative angiography images. A total of 16 intraoperative ICG angiographies were performed. In all the patients the image quality was excellent, allowing intraoperative real-time evaluation of the completeness of the removal of the nidus. ICG videoangiography is easily performed during surgery for AVM and can confirm the completeness of the removal and may detect residual nidus, thus improving outcomes.     

对比吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影与数字减影血管造影在脑动静脉畸形手术中的应用(英文)

BACKGROUND The potential utility of intraoperative microscope-integrated indocyanine green( ICG) fluorescence angiography in the surgery of brain arteriovenous malformations( AVMs) and evaluation of the completeness of resection is debatable.Postoperative catheter angiography is considered the gold standard. We evaluated the value of ICG and intraoperative catheter angiography in this setting. METHODS Between January 2009 and July 2013,37 patients with brain AVMs underwent surgical resection of their vascularlesions. ICG videoangiography and an intraoperative catheter angiography were performed in 32 cases,and a routine postoperative angiogram was performed within 48 h to 2 weeks after surgery. The usefulness of ICG findings and the ability to confirm total resection and to identify residual nidus or persistent shunt were assessed and compared to intraoperative and postoperative digital subtraction angiography,respectively. RESULTS There were 7 grade 1,11 grade 2,11 grade 3 and 3 grade 4 Spetzler-Martin classification AVMs. ICG angiography helped to distinguish AVM vessels in 26 patients. In 31 patients,it demonstrated that there was no residual shunting. In one patient,a residual AVM was identified and further resected. Intraoperative catheter angiography detected two additional small residuals that were missed by ICG angiography,both deep in the surgical cavity. Further resection of the AVM was performed,and total resection was confirmed by a repeat intraoperative angiogram. Postoperative angiography in a patient with a grade 4 lesion revealed one additional small deep residual AVM nidus with persistent late shunting missed on both ICG and intraoperative angiography. Overall ICG angiography missed three out of four residual AVMs after initial resection, while the intraoperative angiogram missed one.CONCLUSION Although ICG angiography is a helpful adjunct in the surgery of some brain AVMs,it's yield in detecting residual AVM nidus or shunt is low,especially for deep-seated lesions and higher grade AVMs. ICG angiography should not be used as a sole and / or reliable technique. High-resolution postoperative angiography must be performed in brain AVM surgery and remains the best test to confidently confirm complete AVM resection.     

CTA在出血性脑动静脉畸形救治中的应用价值

目的探讨三维计算机断层摄影血管造影(3D-CTA)在出血性脑动静脉畸形诊断及术前评估中的应用价值。 方法选择自2007年3月至2011年2月收治的破裂脑动静脉畸形患者19例,对所有患者均行头颅CTA检查,并经DSA对照检查、手术证实。 结果首次CTA检查发现14例阳性,其中急诊直接行开颅血肿清除+畸形血管团切除4例,术后复查CTA及DSA提示全切除;3例首次CTA及DSA检查均为阴性,1年后CTA复查发现异常血管团,经DSA检查证实后手术治疗;2例首次及2周后CTA检查阴性,但DSA检查示小型畸形血管团。 结论CTA因其快捷有效、无创伤、安全等优点,尤其适合于出血性脑动静脉畸形的急诊检查,能充分显示脑动静脉畸形三维结构的特点可为手术入路提供良好的依据。     

栓塞与手术切除联合治疗巨大脑动静脉畸形

目的：为防止正常灌注压突破综合症，解决巨大脑动静脉畸形（直径＞６．０ｃｍ）手术切除的困难，降低手术死亡率。方法：术中首先分次结扎供应动脉近端，注入ＩＢＣＡ１．０ｍｌ＋５％葡萄糖１ｍｌ。分离畸形血管团，最后将其全切。术后常规复查脑血管造影。结果：２６例巨大ＡＶＭ′ｓ栓塞后手术全切，无手术死亡。术后短期神经功能缺损加重７例，随访６～３６月（平均１９．５月），２４例恢复正常工作和学习。结论：栓塞与手术切除联合治疗巨大动静脉畸形是治疗巨大动静脉畸形的有效手段。     

Incidence of vascular malformations in spontaneous intra-cerebral haemorrhage in children

Aim To assess the incidence of vascular malformations in children presenting with non-traumatic intra-cerebral haemorrhage and outline the need for radiological investigations. Materials and methods Between 1993 and 2002, 26 children presented with spontaneous intra-cerebral haemorrhage at a mean age of 26 months (range 1–192 months). Results Twenty-two children had, as first treatment, surgical removal of the haematoma and any malformation found. One patient with no evidence of vascular malformation had conservative treatment, two had embolisation and one had stereotactic radiosurgery of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The diagnosis of vascular malformation was confirmed histologically and/or radiologically in 16 (61%) patients. Of these 16 patients, 7 were AVMs, 1 thrombosed middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm, 1 cavernous angioma, 6 aggregates of abnormal vessels, 1 vein of Galen aneurysm. Pre-operatively, 12 patients had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and 7 were positive for vascular malformation (1 false positive) with no false negatives. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed pre-operatively in 7 patients, 4 were positive with no false negatives. There were no re-bleeds at the follow-up period. Five (19%) patients died from the haemorrhage, 7 (27%) had severe neurological deficit and 14 (54%) had no neurological deficit. Residual malformation after surgery requiring additional treatment was found in 3 (16%) patients. All patients with confirmed malformations were followed-up with DSA. Conclusion MRI/MRA has high sensitivity and specificity in identifying vascular malformations in children presenting acutely with spontaneous intra-cerebral haemorrhage. This may prove useful when pre-operative DSA is not promptly available. After acute clot evacuation, there is high incidence of residual malformation and such patients should be followed-up with DSA. This paper was presented at the XX Congress of the European Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, Martinique, French Antilles, March 3–9, 2006.     

Measurement of cerebral circulation times using dynamic whole-brain CT-angiography: feasibility and initial experience

The objective of the study was to use 320-detector row 4D CT angiography (CTA) for measuring cerebral circulation times (CCT) and to assess early venous drainage (EVD) and shortening of CCT in arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and to compare with DSA. CCT of 12 physiological patients and five AVM patients were acquired using a 4D CTA protocol by recording cerebrovascular bolus passage time. In the AVM patients EVD time (EVDT) was measured. Identical measurements were performed on DSA for the AVM patients. It was found that the physiological CCTs were 5.8 ± 1.4 s (M ± SD). EVD was seen in all AVMs and resulted in a shortened CCT of 3.4 ± 1.1 s (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference for CCT and EVDT values derived from DSA and 4D CTA. Thus, the CCTs can be measured non-invasively using clinical 4D CTA. Early venous drainage with shortened CCTs was observed by 4D CTA in all five patients with AVMs.     

脑动静脉畸形的3D-CTA形态学评价

目的 评价３Ｄ－ＣＴＡ对脑动静脉畸形（ＡＶＭ）的影像学诊断价值。方法23例AVM病例同时行3D－CTA与DSA检查,两者对照研究。结果 23例脑AVM术前3D－CTA检查阳性诊断率100％,无假阳性和假阴性。与DSA比较：（1）供血动脉的来源、数目和形态判断完全吻合;（2）引流静脉判断完全吻合19例（83％）,部分吻合者4例（17％）;（3）病灶部位判断完全吻合。无并发症发生。结论 脑AVM的3D－CTA二维影像与DSA基本吻合,立体空间三维形态描述好,可弥补后者不足,对手术有指导价值。本技术无创、低风险、价廉、其技术进一步成熟后可取代DSA。     

复合手术在脑动静脉畸形治疗中的应用

目的 总结一站式复合手术在治疗脑动静脉畸形中的临床经验。方法 回顾性分析2014年4月至2017年11月采取复合手术治疗的24例脑动静脉畸形的临床资料,术前Spetzler-Martin分级Ⅲ级8 例,Ⅳ级14例,V级2例。14例术中先做治疗性供血动脉栓塞再进行手术切除,另10例直接行手术切除;全部病人均在切除病灶后行术中造影以评估切除程度。结果 24例畸形血管团全切除。20例术后恢复良好,4例术前昏迷病人术后意识障碍改善。没有死亡病人,未发生与介入相关的并发症。24例术后随访6个月至2年,16例行DSA、8例CTA检查;除1例存在部分病灶残留外,其余23例均无病灶残留或复发;日常生活能力分级Ⅰ级16例,Ⅱ级2例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级4例。结论 复合手术为脑动静脉畸形提供了一个新的外科治疗方案;该技术可简化多次介入以及显微手术的治疗过程,并且能够实时地对切除情况进行精准地评估,是一项安全有效的治疗方式。     

CTA、DSA在颅内动静脉畸形诊治中的对比研究

目的探讨CT血管造影（CTA）和数字减影血管造影（DSA）诊治颅内动静脉畸形的价值。方法对45例颅内动静脉畸形患者行CTA检查,三维重建采用最大强度投影（MIP）和容积成像显示（VR）技术;分析动静脉畸形显示情况并将结果与DSA和手术结果比较。部分动静脉畸形病例术后行CTA和DSA复查。结果CTA对颅内动静脉畸形的敏感性为93．33％,特异性为100％。能可靠地显示动静脉畸形的位置、形态、供血动脉和引流静脉。结论CTA是有效的血管成像技术,对颅内动静脉畸形有重要的诊治价值,临床疑诊为颅内动静脉畸形患者可作为一种筛选方法。CTA可作为动静脉畸形术后复查的方法之一。     

三维CT血管造影在脑动静脉畸形诊治中的初步应用经验

目的 评估三维CT血管造影（3D－CTA）在脑动静脉畸形诊断及术前评估中的应用。方法 对我科收治的25例脑动静脉畸形患者采用3D－CTA检查，并同期行脑数字减影血管造影（DSA），比较两种检查的结果。结果 3D－CAT显示了24例动静脉畸形，3D－CTA在显示畸形血管闭、供血动脉和引流静脉的三维构造以及空间关系上优于DSA，并能显示三者与颅骨的关系。3D－CTA虽未能发现1例小型小脑动静脉畸形，但其显示了一个位于小脑后下动脉（PICA）远端的供血动脉动脉瘤，并确定了出血系动脉瘤而非动静脉畸形。3D－CTA可以模拟手术入路时可观察到的血管构造，有助于正确判断动静脉畸形的各种成分，提高手术的安全性。结论 3D－CTA对脑动静脉畸形的诊断及其术前评估有其独特的价值。尤其适合于大型脑动静脉畸形、动静脉畸形合并动脉瘤以及颅内巨大血肿怀疑系动静脉畸形破裂者。它与DSA可互补，但尚无法取代DSA。     

吲哚菁绿脑血管造影在烟雾病血管搭桥术中的应用

目的探讨吲哚菁绿(ICG)脑血管造影在烟雾病(MMD)血管搭桥术中的应用。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2011年11月行颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉血管搭桥手术治疗的38例MMD患者的临床资料,搭桥术后共行ICG脑血管造影41次,在荧光显微镜下观察搭桥血管通畅情况,并与术后320排CTA或DSA检查结果比较。结果术中ICG脑血管造影发现1例搭桥血管闭塞,2例吻合口不通畅,重新吻合后再次造影显示搭桥血管通畅。术后行DSA检查26例,320排CTA检查38例,均证实与术中ICG脑血管造影结果一致。结论术中ICG脑血管造影对于判断搭桥血管是否通畅有重要的参考价值,是一种简便、迅速和具有较高准确性的术中血管造影技术。     

Safety,efficacy, and cost of intraoperative indocyanine green angiography compared to intraoperative catheter angiography in cerebral aneurysm surgery

Intraoperative angiography in cerebrovascular neurosurgery can drive the repositioning or addition of aneurysm clips. Our institution has switched from a strategy of intraoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) universally, to a strategy of indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography with DSA on an as-needed basis. We retrospectively evaluated whether the rates of perioperative stroke, unexpected postoperative aneurysm residual, or parent vessel stenosis differed in 100 patients from each era (2002, “DSA era”; 2007, “ICG era”). The clip repositioning rate for neck residual or parent vessel stenosis did not differ significantly between the two eras. There were no differences in the rate of perioperative stroke or rate of false-negative studies. The per-patient cost of intraoperative imaging within the DSA era was significantly higher than in the ICG era. The replacement of routine intraoperative DSA with ICG videoangiography and selective intraoperative DSA in cerebrovascular aneurysm surgery is safe and effective.