广州市自然界白纹伊蚊携带登革热病毒情况分析

目的通过对广州地区登革热媒介白纹伊蚊进行携带登革热病毒情况的调查，从传播媒介的角度探索该地区登革热流行的来源和特点。方法采集广州市各区新旧疫点附近的白纹伊蚊幼虫标本，饲养为成蚊后提取蚊虫总RNA，用登革热病毒特异引物经实时荧光逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）进行病毒核酸检测，并对阳性结果反应产物进行序列测定。结果在荔湾区逢源街（2006年8月）、从化市邓村（2007年4月）和白云区云溪（2007年5月）各检出1宗登革热病毒核酸阳性蚊虫标本。其中荔湾区逢源街和从化邓村标本的RT—PCR产物经过序列测定证实为登革热病毒I型。结论广州地区登革热病毒可能在自然界白纹伊蚊种群中长期存在。     

武汉青山区登革热媒介伊蚊监测结果分析

目的分析近3年武汉市青山区登革热监测结果,为青山区登革热流行趋势的预测、预警和制定防治对策、措施提供科学依据。方法收集2010-2012年2个监测点的常规监测和媒介伊蚊等监测资料进行综合分析。结果 2010-2012年,青山区辖区内无登革热病例报告;蚊媒标本268只,检测登革病毒,均未分离出登革热病毒。结论青山区白纹伊蚊种群密度较高,存在登革热暴发流行的危险性,需加强监测,预防病原输入而引起暴发流行。     

2020年湖南省登革热媒介伊蚊监测结果分析

目的了解湖南省登革热媒介伊蚊种群、季节消长规律及抗药性情况,为本省登革热防控提供依据。方法2020年在全省设立6个监测点,4—10月份每月监测媒介伊蚊幼虫和成蚊种群、密度,采集伊蚊幼虫进行抗药性测定。幼虫密度监测采用布雷图指数法和诱蚊诱卵器法,成蚊采用双层叠帐法,抗药性监测幼虫采用浸渍法,成蚊采用接触筒法。结果布雷图指数法共调查25200户,布雷图指数为10.08,其中城镇居民区为11.06,农村居民区为9.10。7月份到达高峰为19.42,10月份最低为3.22。全年共布放25100个诱蚊诱卵器,诱蚊诱卵指数为6.31,其中城镇居民区为7.98,农村居民区为4.67。7月份到达高峰,诱蚊诱卵指数为15.56,4月份最低为0.16。成蚊监测共布放1008帐次,捕获白纹伊蚊590只,总帐诱指数为1.17只/顶·h。其中公园/竹林帐诱指数最高为1.60只/顶·h,城镇居民区次之为1.49只/顶·h。全年密度高峰在7月份为2.39只/顶·h,最低在4月份0.03只/顶·h。抗药性监测显示,六个监测点的成蚊对所提供的拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂均产生了不同程度的抗性,对两种氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂均敏感。各监测点幼虫对所提供的三种杀虫剂的抗药性水平主要为敏感或低抗。结论本省登革热的传播媒介为白纹伊蚊,在全省广泛分布且夏秋季节密度较高。一旦有输入性病例,可造成本地暴发和流行的风险。采取以孳生地治理为主的综合治理措施,科学防蚊灭蚊,是防控登革热的根本措施。     

Daily newspaper view of dengue fever epidemic, Athens, Greece, 1927-1931

During the late summers of 1927 and 1928, a biphasic dengue epidemic affected the Athens, Greece, metropolitan area; >90% of the population became sick, and >1,000 persons (1,553 in the entire country) died. This epidemic was the most recent and most serious dengue fever epidemic in Europe. Review of all articles published by one of the most influential Greek daily newspapers (I Kathimerini) during the epidemic and the years that followed it did not shed light on the controversy about whether the high number of deaths resulted from dengue hemorrhagic fever after sequential infections with dengue virus types 1 and 2 or to a particularly virulent type 1 virus. Nevertheless, study of the old reports is crucial considering the relatively recent introduction of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and the frequent warnings of a possible reemergence of dengue fever in Europe.     

白纹伊蚊对登革病毒垂直传递能力研究

目的利用细胞及分子生物学技术，研究白纹伊蚊贵州省贵阳、兴义、毕节株对1—4型登革病毒（DEN1—4）的垂直传递能力。方法采集贵州省贵阳、兴义、毕节市市郊自然界白纹伊蚊，驯化3代。分别取羽化后3～5d龄成蚊为实验组，白纹伊蚊海南株为对照组；用DEN1—4国际参考株分别感染各组蚊虫，将感染后亲代及子1～3代成蚊制备蚊悬液，接种C6／36进行病毒分离并鉴定；间接免疫荧光法检测DEN抗原；常规方法提取总RNA。利用DENNS1基因区通用引物经逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）检测DEN核酸，限制性内切酶酶切分型。结果白纹伊蚊贵阳、兴义、毕节、海南株亲代蚊虫均对DEN易感；白纹伊蚊兴义株与海南株均能垂直传递DEN-1、4到子3代。传递DEN-3到子2代，白纹伊蚊兴义株能垂直传递DEN-2到子3代，白纹伊蚊贵阳．株能垂直传递DEN-1到子3代，传递DEN-2、3、4到子2代，白纹伊蚊毕节株能垂直传递DEN-1到子2代，DEN-4至子3代，未发现能垂直传递DEN-2、3。结论对DEN1—4易感的白纹伊蚊贵阳、兴义、毕节株能垂直传递DEN，且对DEN的垂直传递能力与其地理来源有关；贵州省3个地方株的白纹伊蚊卵可在干燥室温条件下越冬保存DEN。     

福州市登革热蚊媒种群生态学研究

[目的]研究本市登革热媒介白纹伊蚊种群的生态习性，为控制登革热流行提供参考。[方法]建立监测点，观察白纹伊蚊幼虫的生态习性，调查与记录其生活史、季节消长和孳生场所。[结果]白纹伊蚊生活史周期包括卵、幼虫、蛹和成蚊期，其中卵、幼虫和蛹多生活在小型容器的水体中，成蚊多栖息在居民生活区。幼虫3月上旬开始出现，下旬羽化成蚊，4至5月密度逐渐上升，6月和9月为吸血高峰。伊蚊主要以卵越冬，也存在以幼虫和残存成蚊越冬的形式。[结论]白纹伊蚊幼虫主要孳生在积水小容器内，生活周期随气温而变化，呈半越冬形式，幼虫密度以夏秋为高蜂。     

台湾登革热的流行与控制

２０世纪以来，台湾历经１９１５－１９１６年，１９３１年、１９４２－１９４３年３次全岛性登革热大流行，此后３８年流行静息，１９８１年再度发生流行，至今尚未遏阻。１９９３年以前，以登革Ⅰ型病毒为主，１９９４年以后，病毒型别多样，台北、台南以Ⅰ型为主，而南部高雄地区则以Ⅲ型为主。调查显示，台湾登革热流行在南部以埃及伊蚊为主要是，而台中，台北则以白纹伊蚊为主要媒介。１９８８年１２月为控制登革热流行，台湾卫     

广州市近年来登革热及其媒介防治情况分析

目的分析、评价广州市近年来4次登革热疫情及其媒介防治的情况与效果。方法收集、分析本地病例的流行病学调查资料。采用布雷图指数、标准间指数、叮刺率等方法监测和调查白纹伊蚊密度。结果4次流行共发生2286例本地病例，疫情最早首发于5月，最晚终止于12月，发病高峰在8—10月，共出现40个暴发疫点，累计流行614d。经过积极的防治，白纹伊蚊幼虫密度呈下降趋势。布雷图指数从2002年的11.99降到2007年的4．64，标准间指数从2003年的4．45降到2007年的0．54。但在登革热高发季节，白纹伊蚊幼虫的密度指数仍处于危险的阈值范围。使用速杀型杀虫剂对疫点进行超低容量喷雾灭蚊，对成蚊的杀灭率达98．2％。对农村、城中村、社区等3种类型疫点的控制历时分别为10．3、49．4、56．6d（P〈0．01）。结论登革热疫情的控制，必须坚持以及时、快速、全面、反复地杀灭媒介伊蚊成蚊为主导，辅之以全面落实清除、控制孳生地的措施。要不断探索、完善对媒介伊蚊（尤其是成蚊）的监测方法和手段，以客观、科学地评估防治的效果。     

东莞口岸登革热媒介监测分析

目的掌握东莞口岸登革热媒介的种类、密度及其与气候的关系,为做好口岸登革热蚊媒监测工作和预防登革热发生和传播提供科学依据。方法于2005年7￣10月在东莞口岸采用集卵器法定期收集蚊类幼虫以统计伊蚊密度,并全面检查房屋内有蚊类幼虫的容器数。结果此次调查共诱获蚊类幼虫586只,白纹伊蚊是主要的种类,共540只,伊蚊的密度为2.52只/集卵器,房屋指数平均为80.47%,容器指数为56.03%,布雷图指数平均为13.79。结论2005年度东莞口岸登革热媒介主要种类是白纹伊蚊,7￣10月份伊蚊密度较高,其中7月份的布雷图指数超过了20,说明对登革热的传播存在较大的潜在危险,需加强口岸的灭蚊工作。     

揭阳市登革热临床及流行病学特点(附52例临床分析)

目的探讨某地区登革热的临床及流行病学特点.方法对1997～2002年该地区3次登革热流行期间在某院住院的52例患者临床资料进行分析.结果患者年龄6～68岁(以成年农民多见),平均32岁;男37例,女15例.临床症状有急性发热(100.00%),皮疹(76.92%),出血倾向(30.77%),淋巴结肿大(69.23%),关节肌肉疼痛(86.54%),头痛(73.01%),厌食(65.38%),恶心(15.38%),呕吐(7.69%).结论登革热起病缓慢,症状不典型,容易被漏诊.生活条件及生活环境较差,蚊虫多,是成年农民发病率高的原因.     

Aedes albopictus in the Solomon and Santa Cruz Islands,South Pacific

Surveys of mosquitoes in the South Pacific up until 1977 have shown the presence of Aedes albopictus only as far east as Papua New Guinea. During the visit to the Solomon Islands in 1978 to collect members of the Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris complex, Ae. albopictus was found in large numbers on Guadalcanal and was also present in the Santa Cruz Islands. This species has been incriminated as a vector of dengue haemorrhagic fever.     

Dengue emergence and adaptation to peridomestic mosquitoes

Phylogenetic evidence suggests that endemic and epidemic dengue viruses (DENV), transmitted among humans by the anthropophilic mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, emerged when ancestral, sylvatic DENV transmitted among nonhuman primates by sylvatic Aedes mosquitoes adapted to these peridomestic vectors. We tested this hypothesis by retrospectively examining evidence for adaptation of epidemic and endemic versus sylvatic strains of DENV-2 to Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti. First and second-generation offspring of mosquitoes from different geographic regions in the Americas and Southeast Asia were tested for their susceptibility to epidemic/endemic and sylvatic DENV-2 isolates from West Africa, Southeast Asia, and Oceania. Both Aedes species were highly susceptible (up to 100% infected) to endemic/epidemic DENV-2 strains after ingesting artificial blood meals but significantly less susceptible (as low as 0%) to sylvatic DENV-2 strains. Our findings support the hypothesis that adaptation to peridomestic mosquito vectors mediated dengue emergence from sylvatic progenitor viruses.     

Comparison of the Epidemiological Aspects of Imported Dengue Cases between Korea and Japan, 2006–2010

To compare the epidemiological characteristics of dengue cases imported by travelers or immigration in both Korea and Japan, we determined dengue incidence and related risk factors. During 2006–2010, 367 and 589 imported dengue cases were reported in Korea and Japan, respectively. In Korea, the presumptive origins for the dengue infections were Southeast Asia (82.6%), Southern Asia (13.9%), Eastern Asia (1.1%), South America (0.3%), Central America (0.3%), Africa (0.3%), and other countries (1.6%). In Japan, the origins of the infections were Southeast Asia (69.8%), Southern Asia (20.0%), Eastern Asia (1.7%), South America (2.5%), Central America (1.2%), Africa (1.2%), Oceania (2.4%), and other countries (1.2%). In both countries, more dengue cases were reported for men than for women (p < 0.01), and those aged 20–30 years accounted for > 60% of the total cases. The frequency of imported cases in summer and autumn (∼70% of total cases) was similar in both countries. This study demonstrates that there is a similar pattern of imported dengue cases in Korea and Japan. Therefore, there is a risk of an autochthonous dengue outbreak in Korea, as indicated by the recent outbreak in Japan in 2014.     

云南省瑞丽市2013年登革热暴发的流行病学分析

目的分析云南省瑞丽市2013年登革热暴发疫情的流行病学特征,为登革热控制提供依据。方法对所有登革热病例进行流行病学个案调查,采用登革热病毒NS1抗原法检测病例血清标本,采用布雷图指数法进行蚊媒密度监测。结果本次疫情流行历时104 d,共确诊病例232例,其中本地感染145例,缅甸输入87例。流行季节为8-11月,病例主要集中在瑞丽市城区（124/232,53.45%）;男女性别比为1.23∶1,发病年龄最小1岁,最大80岁,以20~49岁年龄组为主;职业分布以商业服务、农民和家务及待业者居多。结论此次疫情为瑞丽市首次发生登革热本地流行;采取伊蚊综合控制措施,布雷图指数≤5.0,疫情可得到有效控制。     

广州市登革热媒介的监测分析

目的总结、评价广州市近年来登革热媒介的监测情况。方法采用布雷图指数、标准间指数、诱蚊诱卵器指数等方法监测和调查白纹伊蚊密度,同时对监测和调查所采集的白纹伊蚊样本用实时荧光逆转录聚合酶链反应进行病毒核酸检测,并对阳性结果反应产物进行序列测定。结果白纹伊蚊幼虫密度呈下降趋势。布雷图指数从2002年的11.99降到2008年的4.59,标准间指数从2003年的4.45降到2008年的0.73。但在登革热高发季节,白纹伊蚊幼虫的密度指数仍处于危险的阈值范围;流行年份白纹伊蚊密度高于非流行年份,且密度高峰提前。从采自多个地点的白纹伊蚊体内检测出登革病毒核酸,经分型鉴定为登革病毒1型。结论采用多种方法和密度指标,有利于客观地评估白纹伊蚊的密度及其防治效果,而白纹伊蚊携带登革病毒的监测则有助于对登革热流行趋势的评估和防控策略的调整。     

Laboratory surveillance of dengue in Argentina, 1995-2001

Local transmission of dengue fever virus in Argentina is increased by the presence of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and dengue outbreaks in neighboring countries. From 1995 to 2001, a laboratory-based active surveillance program detected 922 dengue cases. Indigenous transmission involving dengue-1 and -2 serotypes was confirmed only in subtropical areas in northern Argentina.     

Dengue fever, Hawaii, 2001-2002

Autochthonous dengue infections were last reported in Hawaii in 1944. In September 2001, the Hawaii Department of Health was notified of an unusual febrile illness in a resident with no travel history; dengue fever was confirmed. During the investigation, 1,644 persons with locally acquired denguelike illness were evaluated, and 122 (7%) laboratory-positive dengue infections were identified; dengue virus serotype 1 was isolated from 15 patients. No cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever or shock syndrome were reported. In 3 instances autochthonous infections were linked to a person who reported denguelike illness after travel to French Polynesia. Phylogenetic analyses showed the Hawaiian isolates were closely associated with contemporaneous isolates from Tahiti. Aedes albopictus was present in all communities surveyed on Oahu, Maui, Molokai, and Kauai; no Ae. aegypti were found. This outbreak underscores the importance of maintaining surveillance and control of potential disease vectors even in the absence of an imminent disease threat.     

莆田市2012年首例输入性登革热病例调查

莆田市2012年9月发现首例输入性登革热病例.对该病例流行病学调查及采集急性期血清送实验室检测,检测结果登革热病毒抗体阳性,确定为在马来西亚感染的输入性登革热确诊病例.发现病例后,通过对病人隔离治疗、对密切接触者医学观察及防蚊灭蚊等综合防治措施,10天内未发生二代病例.作者认为：莆田市因登革热病例输入引起流行的可能性大,登革热应成为当地传染病的重点,检验检疫部门应采取有效的防控措施,防止登革热疫情传入.     

Epidemiology of dengue and hemorrhagic dengue in Santiago, Cuba 1997]

A dengue epidemic that Cuba reported in 1997 registered more than 500,000 cases of dengue fever produced by viral serotype 1. In 1981, there was an epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever produced by serotype 2 of the virus. This time 344,203 clinical cases were reported, 10,312 of which were severe cases of hemorrhagic fever that led to 158 fatalities (101 of them among children). The reintroduction of dengue, and specifically of dengue viral serotype 2 (Jamaica genotype), was quickly detected in January 1997 through an active surveillance system with laboratory confirmation of cases in the municipality of Santiago de Cuba, in the province of the same name. The main epidemiological features of this outbreak are reported in this paper. A total of 3,012 cases were reported and serologically confirmed. These included 205 cases classified as dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS), 12 of which were case fatalities (all among adults). Secondary infection with dengue virus was one of the most important risk factors for DHF/DSS. Ninety-eight percent of the DHF/DSS cases and 92% of the fatal cases had contracted a secondary infection. It was the first time dengue hemorrhagic fever was documented as a secondary infection 16 to 20 years after initial infection. Belonging to the white racial group was another important risk factor for DHF/DSS, as had been observed during the 1981 epidemic. During the most recent epidemic it was demonstrated that the so called "fever alert" is not useful for early detection of an epidemic. Measures taken by the country's public health officials prevented spread of the epidemic to other municipalities plagued by Aedes aegypti.