护理人员艾滋病知识、态度、行为与实践的调查

[目的]了解护理人员艾滋病知识、态度、行为等的现状,针对所存在的问题,提出相应对策.[方法]采用自行设计的问卷,对新疆维吾尔自治区艾滋病重灾区的21家医院489名护理人员进行调查.[结果]护理人员对艾滋病知识整体掌握情况欠佳,平均知晓率为73.5%;对艾滋病病毒感染者及艾滋病病人的接纳态度呈较低水平,平均接纳率为54.8%;护理人员艾滋病病毒职业暴露与防护行为有待规范与加强,正性行为平均发生率为72.6%.不同年龄、民族、学历、地区等的护理人员对艾滋病知识认知情况存在差异.[结论]加强艾滋病知识培训,转变护理人员对艾滋病病毒感染者及艾滋病病人的歧视态度,提高艾滋病病毒职业暴露防护意识,以便护理人员在艾滋病防治工作中发挥更好的作用.     

护理人员艾滋病知识、态度、行为与实践的调查

[目的]了解护理人员艾滋病知识、态度、行为等的现状,针对所存在的问题,提出相应对策。[方法]采用自行设计的问卷,对新疆维吾尔自治区艾滋病重灾区的21家医院489名护理人员进行调查。[结果]护理人员对艾滋病知识整体掌握情况欠佳,平均知晓率为73.5;对艾滋病病毒感染者及艾滋病病人的接纳态度呈较低水平,平均接纳率为54.8;护理人员艾滋病病毒职业暴露与防护行为有待规范与加强,正性行为平均发生率为72.6。不同年龄、民族、学历、地区等的护理人员对艾滋病知识认知情况存在差异。[结论]加强艾滋病知识培训,转变护理人员对艾滋病病毒感染者及艾滋病病人的歧视态度,提高艾滋病病毒职业暴露防护意识,以便护理人员在艾滋病防治工作中发挥更好的作用。     

临床护士对艾滋病病毒职业暴露防范知识调查及对策

目的调查临床护士对艾滋病(AIDS)病人或艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者职业暴露的防范知识和职业暴露后正确处理方法的掌握状况,以便有目的地进行培训和有针对性地制定防范措施。方法对23家医院920名护士有关HIV职业暴露预防知识及处理方法的掌握状况进行调查。结果92%护士对AIDS的传播途径认识正确;68%护士对AIDS病人或HIV感染者体液、使用过的医疗器械、床上用品等处理有正确认识;23%护士对AIDS病人或HIV感染者用过的针头刺破皮肤的紧急处理方法有正确认识。结论为了保障护理人员职业安全防护,应加强临床护士对HIV职业性暴露相关知识和HIV职业性暴露后正确处理方法的培训,以确保临床护理人员职业的安全。     

某戒毒所警察艾滋病认知态度及行为现状调查

目的 了解戒毒所警察对艾滋病认知、态度及行为现状,为开展对警察艾滋病健康教育知识与技能培训提供资料和依据.方法 采取自行设计的问卷,对广州市某强制隔离戒毒所146名警察就艾滋病相关知识、职业暴露防护知识及对HIV/AIDS的态度及行为等方面进行问卷调查.结果 戒毒所警察对艾滋病基本知识及一般性防治知识,如HIV/AIDS的基本概念、传播途径、基本防治原则等掌握较好,正确率80.8%-100%;对专业性较强的艾滋病知识,如窗溃口期、检测方法 、我国AIDS流行状况等掌握一般,正确率48.6%-66.4%;对HIV的抵抗力、传染病类型、职业暴露防护知识等掌握较差.正确率6.8%-28.8%.30.8%警察对HIVIAIDS存在歧视心理,69.9%存在害怕、担心、恐惧心理,100%警察需要了解更多的艾滋病防治知识.结论 戒毒所警察对艾滋病普遍缺乏深人了解,且了解相关知识的愿望强烈,需要加强对警察艾滋病健康教育知识及技能培训.保障警察的职业安全,转变"恐艾"观念,更好地为HIV/AIDS病人服务.     

新疆地区护理人员艾滋病预防与职业暴露防护知识及防护行为的调查

目的了解新疆地区护理人员艾滋病预防与HIV职业暴露防护知识及防护行为的现状,针对存在问题提出相应对策。方法2007年10—11月,用自行设计的调查问卷对新疆艾滋病重灾区的21家医院的489名护理人员进行调查。结果护理人员对艾滋病预防及职业暴露与防护知识的总体掌握情况不足;对艾滋病病毒的灭活、HIV职业暴露后感染的监测与预防等知识的得分较低;不同民族、学历、工作科室的护理人员,艾滋病防护知识认知情况存在差异;护理人员艾滋病防护相关行为有待规范与加强。结论应重视护理人员HIV职业暴露与防护相关知识的培训,提高防护意识,执行安全操作,改善医疗环境,并健全护理人员HIV职业暴露与防护管理体系。     

护士艾滋病职业暴露防护相关知识培训需求与实践

目的：了解护士艾滋病及职业暴露防护相关知识认知水平、态度及培训需求状况，为培训提供依据。方法：采取自行设计的问卷，对本院220名各科室护士进行艾滋病及职业暴露防护知识、态度和技能的认知状况、培训需求、培训效果凋查。结果：①护士对艾滋病及职业暴露防护相关知识认知率较低；②培训前后护士对艾滋病及职业暴露防护相关知识认知度、防护技能的掌握有统计学差异；③97.2％护士认为非常有必要进行艾滋病及职业暴露防护相关知识培训。结论：护士对艾滋病及职业暴露防护知识、技能缺乏全面系统的掌握，应制定出科学、系统的健康教育程序及实践标准，拓展培训面，增强护士的防护意识和防护技能。     

院前急救护士HIV职业暴露防护现状及对策

总结了本院31名院前急救护士对HIV职业暴露危险因素的防护现状,并提出相关防护对策。主要包括加强职业安全防护,增强自我防护意识,提高急救人员素质,规范护理操作行为,做好锐器伤防护,艾滋病职业暴露后有效处理,缓解工作、社会性心理压力。认为加强对院前急救护士HIV职业暴露防护知识及技能的培训,提高护士职业防护水平,能有效减少艾滋病职业暴露的发生。     

传染病医院护理人员对艾滋病认识和接受程度的调查

[目的]通过对传染病医院护理人员对人获得性免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征(HIV/AIDS)的认识程度及对艾滋病人的接受态度调查,对加强医院护理人员再教育、接受HIV/AIDS病人以及顺利从事艾滋病护理工作,奠定基础.[方法]采用问卷调查的方式对传染病医院400名护理人员艾滋病防护知识和对艾滋病病人的接受态度进行调查.[结果]在被调查的400名护理人员中97.3%对于职业暴露防护和处理措施,掌握得都比较好.在接受感染者方面护理人员的态度较差,只有22.7%的护理人员愿意护理HIV/AID病人,50.4%的护理人员对HIV感染者和艾滋病病人给予了宽容、接受的态度; 28.5%的护理人员对今后护理HIV/AIDS病人表示不情愿.[结论]尽管大多数护理人员对HIV/AIDS的职业暴露防护和处理掌握得较好,但对护理艾滋病病人存在着不情愿、厌恶心理.面对我国艾滋病感染者日趋增长的形式,持续开展对护理人员再教育的必要性,做好艾滋病护理、关爱感染者,达到良好的社会效果.     

卫生保健护理学

正确的职业防护在反对艾滋病歧视中的作用和意义；医护专业学生对HIV感染者或艾滋病患者歧视态度的调查研究；临床一线护士艾滋病认知状况调查；艾滋病病毒医源性传播的现状及防护;对手术室护士经血液传播疾病防护知识及行为的调查与分析……     

临床一线护士艾滋病认知状况调查

目的 了解广州市临床一线护士掌握艾滋病知识的程度,为提高目标人群的防护知识、意识及所在科室相关制度的完善提供依据.方法 2005年3月采用调查问卷考核的方法对广州市部分一甲、二甲、三甲医院临床一线的834名护士进行了艾滋病认知状况的调查.结果 对艾滋病一般知识,如HIV/AIDS的名称、传播途径、易感人群等掌握较好,回答的正确率都在90%以上;对专业性较强的艾滋病知识,如艾滋病的抵抗力、窗口期、有效的预防措施等掌握稍差,回答的正确率是50%～60%;对艾滋病职业暴露及艾滋病职业防护等方面的知识等20%～30%能够正确回答;文化程度和专业技术职务对回答问题的正确率无显著性差异,而不同医院类别以及门诊等特殊临床科室的一线护士对某些问题的回答正确率有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论 加强临床一线护士对艾滋病职业防护等方面的培训,完善相关制度和工作指引,树立自我保护意识,杜绝职业性暴露和感染,保护临床护士的职业安全成为重要的课题.     

护理专业实习学生对艾滋病职业防护知识认知及行为的调查分析

目的 了解护理专业实习学生对艾滋病职业防护知识的认知及行为现状,探讨加强艾滋病职业防护的对策.方法 采用自制问卷,按便利抽样法对274名护理专业实习学生进行不记名问卷调查.结果 实习学生基本上掌握了艾滋病的基本知识,但对窗口期、非传染性体液等的认知率都低于70％;80.3％未接受过艾滋病职业暴露相关知识的培训,22.6％曾接诊或护理过艾滋病感染者或患者,18.6％在职业暴露后未采取正确的处理方法;46.4％对艾滋病患者持同情态度,仅32.8％有护理艾滋病患者的意愿;22.6％在戴手套、消毒双手、针头处理等预防血液、体液污染方面未能正确处理,不同学历的护理专业实习学生在预防艾滋病职业暴露的防护措施方面差异有统计学意义(x2=20.95,P＜0.01).结论 护理专业实习学生对艾滋病职业防护知识认知不够系统和全面,在实习中未采取全面的职业防护措施,加强相关知识的系统教育及行为干预有助于实习学生有效地应对严峻的艾滋病防治工作形势.     

护生实习前职业防护知识的调查与分析

目的了解护生实习前对职业防护知识的了解情况。方法自行设计调查问卷，对270名护生实习前职业防护知识进行调查，每人独立完成调查问卷。结果85．6％的护生在学校学习过职业防护知识，95．9％的护生实习前注射过乙肝疫苗，85．8％的护生表示为患者抽血、注射时关注患者是否患有血源性传播疾病；对针刺伤、抗肿瘤药物、艾滋病防护知识了解的愿望差异有显著意义(P=0．000)；对三者的学习兴趣程度差异无显著意义(P=0．103)。结论护生实习前职业防护培训的深度和广度仍需要加强。     

新疆艾滋病高发地区护理人员艾滋病相关知识、态度调查

目的：了解新疆艾滋病重点疫送护理人员对艾滋病知识的掌握程度和对艾滋病所持有的态度,为进一步开展有针对性的培训工作提供依据。方法;采用自行设计的艾滋病知识、态度问卷以方便抽样的方法,对5个高发区的500名护理人员以匿名形式进行问卷调查。结果：护理人：员艾滋病知识总体知晓率均高于70.00％,但对不同知识回答正确率不同,对艾滋病患者／感染者持同情态度的占64．6％,不同层次的护理人员在知识、态度等方面存在差异。结论;对护理人员进行持续、全面、深入的培训是有必要的,特别要加大少数民族、低年资、低学历等护理人员的培训力度。并应既系统又有侧重点地进行。     

The attitudes, concerns, gloving practices and knowledge of nurses in a Taiwanese hospital regarding AIDS and HIV

Many studies have documented nurses' attitudes and concerns regarding AIDS/HIV, but little is known about Taiwanese nurses. We documented attitudes, concerns, gloving practices and practical AIDS/HIV knowledge of 1090 nurses from one metropolitan hospital in Changhua City, Taiwan. The response rate was 80.9%. Both HIV and hepatitis contraction in the workplace was nurses' main concern. Two hundred and ten nurses (19.3%) were seriously considering leaving nursing because of fear of contracting AIDS/HIV. Virtually all nurses considered it their right to be informed of the presence of HIV-positive patients in their direct work area and many believed that HIV testing of patients should be mandatory. Practical AIDS/HIV knowledge was deficient. These Taiwanese nurses have concerns and fears that might be related to deficiencies in practical AIDS/HIV knowledge. Continuous educational programmes are recommended to alleviate these nurses' attitudes and concerns regarding AIDS/HIV.     

Knowledge and Attitudes of Jordanian Nurses towards Patients with HIV/AIDS: Findings from a Nationwide Survey

This study explored the knowledge and attitudes of Jordanian nurses toward patients with HIV/AIDS, particularly in regards to their sources of information and education. This survey utilized a cross-sectional design. A self-administered questionnaire developed by Eckstein was used in collecting the data. A total of 922 nurses completed the questionnaire. Overall, Jordanian nurses expressed negative attitudes toward patients with HIV/AIDS, and their level of HIV/AIDS knowledge was weak. Weak knowledge level was recorded among nurses in the following subsections: agent and immunology; course and manifestation; transmission and incidence; and precaution and prevention. Only in one subsection (risk group), did nurses show a good level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS. More than two-thirds of nurses (84%) refused to provide care to patients who tested positive for HIV/AIDS. Most of the nurse participants believed that currently provided HIV/AIDS information resources were inadequate (81.4 %). The majority of nurses were interested in support groups for staff nurses (96.5%). The major source of HIV/AIDS information obtained by Jordanian nurses was through Internet web sites (52.7%). The majority of nurses (96.2%) ranked their fear of getting AIDS from their nursing practice as overwhelming. The total attitude of participants towards patients with HIV/AIDS in all five subsections (i.e., fear of contagion, social stigma, fatal outcome of the disease, direct care, and education and counseling) was negative (84.3%). Accurate knowledge about HIV/AIDS along with an in-depth understanding of patients’ needs can help alleviate much of the fear, anxiety, and stigma associated with caring for patients with HIV/AIDS.     

Knowledge and attitudes of Jordanian nurses towards patients with HIV/AIDS: findings from a nationwide survey

This study explored the knowledge and attitudes of Jordanian nurses toward patients with HIV/AIDS, particularly in regards to their sources of information and education. This survey utilized a cross-sectional design. A self-administered questionnaire developed by Eckstein was used in collecting the data. A total of 922 nurses completed the questionnaire. Overall, Jordanian nurses expressed negative attitudes toward patients with HIV/AIDS, and their level of HIV/AIDS knowledge was weak. Weak knowledge level was recorded among nurses in the following subsections: agent and immunology; course and manifestation; transmission and incidence; and precaution and prevention. Only in one subsection (risk group), did nurses show a good level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS. More than two-thirds of nurses (84%) refused to provide care to patients who tested positive for HIV/AIDS. Most of the nurse participants believed that currently provided HIV/AIDS information resources were inadequate (81.4 %). The majority of nurses were interested in support groups for staff nurses (96.5%). The major source of HIV/AIDS information obtained by Jordanian nurses was through Internet web sites (52.7%). The majority of nurses (96.2%) ranked their fear of getting AIDS from their nursing practice as overwhelming. The total attitude of participants towards patients with HIV/AIDS in all five subsections (i.e., fear of contagion, social stigma, fatal outcome of the disease, direct care, and education and counseling) was negative (84.3%). Accurate knowledge about HIV/AIDS along with an in-depth understanding of patients? needs can help alleviate much of the fear, anxiety, and stigma associated with caring for patients with HIV/AIDS.     

医院保洁人员艾滋病职业防护现状与对策

[目的]了解医院保洁人员艾滋病职业防护状况,为制定相应的防护对策提供依据.[方法]参考〈医疗废物管理条例〉制定问卷调查表,对本院155名保洁人员艾滋病职业防护情况进行问卷调查,结合现场考核进行分析.[结果]医院保洁人员接受过艾滋病职业防护培训的仅占25.16%;知晓艾滋病毒有效灭活方法、洗手指征、紫外线对艾滋病毒无效等知识的人不足50%;能正确洗手、正确处理伤口的人不足25%;44.52%的人员发生过锐器伤,年锐器伤163例次,及时上报率为40.65%,发生艾滋病职业暴露3例,1例未及时上报.[结论]医院保洁人员艾滋病职业暴露风险较大,应进一步加强艾滋病职业防护专项培训,提供充足的防护用品,建立有效的监督管理机制,规范医疗废物处置等措施.     

HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceptions of rural nurses in South Africa

Title. HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceptions of rural nurses in South Africa. Aim. This paper is a report of a study exploring HIV/AIDS‐related knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceptions of nurses in the largely black and rural Limpopo Province of South Africa. Background. Studies of HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes and practices among healthcare workers in developing countries have shown gaps in knowledge and fear of contagion, coupled with ambivalent attitudes in caring for patients with HIV/AIDS and inconsistent universal precautions adherence. Method. A cross‐sectional study of a random sample of primary health care (PHC) (n = 71) and hospital nurses (n = 69) was carried out in 2005, using a questionnaire, focus groups and in‐depth interviews. Findings. Hospital nurses reported a higher frequency of care for patients with HIV/AIDS (P < 0·05), but less HIV/AIDS training when compared to PHC nurses (P < 0·001). HIV/AIDS knowledge was moderately adequate and associated with professional rank, frequency of care and training (P < 0·001). Attitudes towards patients with HIV/AIDS were mainly positive and were statistically significantly correlated with HIV/AIDS knowledge (P < 0·01) and training (P < 0·05). Three out of four nurses reported that they practised universal precautions (76·1%), but fear of occupational HIV transmission and lack of injection safety was found. Seven in 10 nurses reported previous needlestick injuries, but postexposure prophylaxis was not available in all healthcare facilities. Participants reported a higher workload because of HIV/AIDS, lack of training impacting negatively on their work, and stigma and shared confidentiality affecting them emotionally. Conclusion. There is a need for accelerated HIV/AIDS training of rural nurses and for wider implementation of universal precautions and postexposure prophylaxis availability in public health facilities in southern Africa.     

新疆艾滋病高发地区经母婴传播的HIV感染儿童及其母亲保健服务利用情况分析

目的了解新疆维吾尔自治区（新疆）艾滋病高发地区经母婴传播的HIV感染儿童及其母亲接受孕产期保健和预防艾滋病母婴传播（PMTCT）服务情况,为制定新疆消除儿童艾滋病感染方案提供依据。方法从“新疆维吾尔自治区艾滋病综合防治信息系统”和“预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播管理信息系统”中获得2011 — 2017年出生的调查对象基本信息,使用自行设计的问卷通过一对一、面对面的询问方式,回顾性调查HIV感染儿童和母亲孕产期接受保健服务和PMTCT服务的有关信息。结果144例HIV感染儿童的母亲初中及以下文化程度者占81.25%（117/144）,81.25%（117/144）是农民和家庭妇女;孕期产前检查比例为61.81%,住院分娩比例为79.17%,孕产期HIV抗体检测比例为72.22%,HIV抗体阳性检出比例为75.96%;母亲在孕产期纳入PMTCT服务体系比例为44.44%;南疆地区HIV感染儿童母亲纳入PMTCT服务体系比例为38.18%,北疆地区为64.71%,二者差异有统计学意义。结论新疆南部和北部地区HIV感染儿童母亲接受孕产期保健和PMTCT服务利用方面存在较大差距。 HIV感染儿童的母亲文化程度偏低,缺乏孕产期保健意识,PMTCT服务利用不足,应持续加强育龄妇女和孕产妇PMTCT健康教育。