藏药十八味党参丸提取物对脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7细胞Akt/p38MAPK信号通路及M1/M2极化影响的探究

目的探究藏药十八味党参丸(TEP)的提取物调控脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7的炎性反应及M1/M2极化分型的探究。方法 Alarmarblue法评价RAW 264.7活力;荧光酶标定量分析细胞活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)水平;Griess法检测上清液中细胞一氧化氮(NO)的分泌情况;流式细胞术检测表面标志物CD206和CCR7蛋白的表达;RT-qPCR法检测细胞白介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、趋化因子2(CCL2)、一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、精氨酸酶(ARG)-1和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)基因表达的情况;Western blot法检测TEP调控细胞合成iNOS、蛋白激酶B(Akt)和p38丝裂原活化激酶(p38MAPK)信号通路相关蛋白的表达情况。结果与模型组相比,TEP组一定程度上提高了RAW 264.7的细胞活性,同时抑制了LPS诱导的细胞内ROS水平的升高。经过LPS刺激后,模型组NO表达量显著升高,在24 h后表达量达到最高,而TEP组NO表达显著降低。模型组的CCR7表达升高,CD206表达下降,TEP干预后CCR7表达下降,CD206表达升高,且趋势呈现浓度依赖。与模型组相比,TEP组的IL-1β、IL-6、CCL2、iNOS、ARG和TNF-α基因表达以及iNOS、Akt和p38MAPK蛋白表达水平均显著降低。结论 TEP能够抑制细胞内ROS水平,降低NO分泌和炎性基因的表达水平,抑制细胞的M1表型,促进M2表型,其机制可能与细胞内iNOS、Akt和p38MAPK信号通路蛋白表达被抑制有关。     

乌蔹莓醇提物对LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症模型的抗炎作用

目的 探讨乌蔹莓70%醇提物对脂多糖(LPS)诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症模型的作用及其机制。方法 MTT法观察不同质量浓度乌蔹莓醇提物对RAW264.7细胞活性的影响，筛选合适的实验剂量。以LPS(1μg/mL)诱导建立细胞炎症模型，同时加入30、60、120μg/mL乌蔹莓醇提物进行处理，24 h后Griess法检测细胞上清液NO水平，DCFH-DA荧光探针检测细胞内ROS水平，ELISA法检测细胞上清液PGE₂、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平，RT-qPCR法检测细胞TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β mRNA表达，Western blot法检测细胞iNOS、COX-2、NF-κB p65、p-NF-κB p65、Akt、p-Akt、p38 MAPK、p-p38 MAPK蛋白表达。结果 乌蔹莓醇提取物质量浓度在180μg/mL及以下时对RAW264.7细胞存活率无明显变化(P>0.05)。与模型组比较，乌蔹莓醇提物组细胞内ROS水平及上清液NO、PGE₂、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平均降低(P<0.01),细胞T...     

苦杏仁苷对脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型的影响

目的研究苦杏仁苷(Amygdalin)体外对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞RAW264.7炎症模型的影响。方法采用MTT法检测苦杏仁苷对RAW264.7细胞及其LPS(0.5μg·m L~(-1))诱导后增殖作用的影响;q RTPCR法检测RAW264.7细胞炎症模型的炎症因子IL-17A、IL-23以及趋化因子CCL2、CCL5的m RNA表达;Western Blot法检测胞浆和胞核NF-κB p65以及p38、p-p38的蛋白表达。结果与正常对照组比较,苦杏仁苷在6.25~200μmol·L~(-1)浓度范围对RAW264.7细胞生长没有明显影响(P0.05),而400μmol·L~(-1)可导致RAW264.7细胞活力明显下降(P0.001)。与正常对照组比,LPS作用后RAW264.7细胞活力下降,细胞增殖受到抑制(P0.05);LPS刺激3h后可诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症因子IL-17A、IL-23以及趋化因子CCL2、CCL5 m RNA表达显著上升(P0.05,P0.01);LPS作用1h后可引起RAW264.7细胞的胞核NF-κB p65表达明显上调,胞浆NF-κB p65表达下调,胞核与胞浆比值明显上调(P0.05),p-p38蛋白表达也显著上升(P0.001)。与模型组比较,5μmol·L~(-1)苦杏仁苷对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症模型未见明显变化(P0.05),而20,50μmol·L~(-1)苦杏仁苷作用后细胞增殖抑制状态恢复(P0.05,P0.01);苦杏仁苷(50μmol·L~(-1))提前干预后,IL-17A、IL-23、CCL2及CCL5 m RNA表达均显著下降(P0.01,P0.001);RAW264.7细胞NF-κB p65的胞核与胞浆比值明显下调,p-p38蛋白表达也显著下调,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。结论苦杏仁苷对LPS诱导的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞RAW264.7炎症模型的干预作用可能与抑制炎症因子IL-17A、IL-23以及趋化因子CCL2、CCL5的表达,抑制NF-κB、p38MAPK信号通路的过度激活有关。     

苦参水提物激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路抑制炎症和氧化应激机制研究

目的研究苦参水提物(WSF)抑制脂多糖(LPS)诱导大鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7炎症和氧化应激的分子机制。方法采用CCK-8法检测WSF对RAW264.7细胞的最佳给药质量浓度;以LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞制备体外炎症模型,随机分为对照组、模型组、WSF组和WSF对照组,流式细胞术检测活性氧(ROS)及一氧化氮(NO)水平,通过荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和Western blotting检测诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、环氧合酶-2(COX-2)、核转录因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)和血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)在分子水平上的变化;最后检测细胞培养上清中细胞因子白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和IL-10的含量。结果通过CCK-8实验确定WSF质量浓度为0.01 mg/mL对细胞无毒性。与对照组比较,LPS刺激能够显著地增加细胞中NO和ROS产生,IL-6和TNF-α水平也明显升高,iNOS和COX-2蛋白表达水平明显提高(P0.01、0.001),而Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平降低(P0.05)。与模型组比较,WSF干预后细胞NO、ROS、IL-6和TNF-α水平显著降低,iNOS和COX-2蛋白表达水平显著降低(P0.05、0.01、0.001),Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平和IL-10水平显著升高(P0.05、0.01、0.001)。结论 WSF可通过激活Nrf2/HO-1通路在LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症和氧化应激反应中发挥保护效应。     

扶正化瘀方对脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞M1型炎性极化JNK通路的影响

目的观察扶正化瘀方对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的M1型RAW264.7巨噬细胞一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)基因和一氧化氮(NO)分子过表达的影响,探讨其可能的抗炎机制。方法采用LPS刺激小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞,建立M1型巨噬细胞炎性细胞模型,分别给予扶正化瘀方50、100、200μg/mL和10 nmol/L JNK蛋白抑制剂SP600125进行孵育。Griess法检测炎症介质NO含量,RT-PCR检测炎症因子白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和i NOS基因表达,Western blot检测i NOS蛋白表达和MAPK信号通路中JNK、p38、ERK蛋白的磷酸化水平。结果与LPS比较,扶正化瘀方和SP600125均显著降低巨噬细胞中NO分泌(P0.01)和i NOS蛋白表达(P0.01),降低MAPK信号通路JNK蛋白的磷酸化水平(P0.05,P0.01);扶正化瘀方对炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α的基因表达及MAPK信号通路ERK、p38蛋白的磷酸化水平无明显影响。结论扶正化瘀方可能通过抑制JNK蛋白的磷酸化而抑制i NOS基因过表达,最终减少NO的生成,从而抑制RAW264.7巨噬细胞M1型极化,发挥抗炎作用。     

独活挥发油对N-脂肪酰基乙醇胺水解酶的抑制作用及抗炎作用研究

目的:研究独活挥发油对内源性大麻素水解酶N-脂肪酰基乙醇胺水解酶(N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase,NAAA)水解活性的影响以及对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7炎症反应模型的抗炎作用.方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取独活挥发油,GC-MS检测化学成分;采用LC-MS检测NAAA水解活性;采用LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞建立细胞炎症反应模型;采用LC-MS检测细胞内棕榈酸乙醇胺(N-palmitoylethanolamine,PEA)水平;采用实时定量PCR检测肿瘤坏子因子-α(TNF-α)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)mRNA表达;采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测TNF-α含量;采用Griess法检测一氧化氮(NO)含量.结果:独活挥发油可抑制NAAA水解活性,升高LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞内PEA水平;独活挥发油可下调LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症因子TNF-α,iNOS,IL-6 mRNA表达;独活挥发油可抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞TNF-α和NO释放.结论:独活挥发油能够抑制NAAA水解活性,升高细胞内PEA水平,降低炎症因子表达,具有一定的抗炎作用.     

基于NF-κB通路的芒果苷干预脂多糖诱导的细胞炎症作用机制研究

目的研究芒果苷对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7的保护作用,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法采用脂多糖(LPS)诱导RAW 264.7细胞炎症模型。实验分四步:(1)细胞存活率实验分5组,即:空白组、LPS组、LPS+不同浓度(50、100、150μg/mL)芒果苷组。MTT法检测细胞存活率。(2)一氧化氮(NO)、白介素1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)及白介素6(IL-6)分泌实验分6组,即:空白组、LPS组、LPS和不同浓度芒果苷(50、100、150μg/mL)组、LPS+BAY 11-7082[核因子κB(NF-κB)抑制剂]组。Griess法检测NO分泌量,ELISA法检测IL-1β、TNF-α及IL-6分泌量。(3)诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)与环氧化酶-2(COX-2)mRNA及蛋白表达实验分组同细胞存活率实验。实时荧光定量PCR检测iNOS及COX-2 mRNA水平变化,Western blot检测iNOS及COX-2蛋白表达水平。(4)细胞质、细胞核中NF-κB表达实验分3组,即:空白组、LPS组、LPS+150μg/mL(终末浓度)芒果苷共处理组, Western blot检测细胞质、细胞核中NF-κB p65蛋白表达量。结果 (1)与空白组比较,LPS组显著降低RAW264.7细胞存活率(P0.05);与LPS组比较,50～150μg/mL芒果苷预处理对RAW264.7细胞增殖无显著影响(P0.05)。(2)与空白组比较,LPS组NO、IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6分泌量显著升高(P0.05);与LPS组比较,除50μg/mL芒果苷预处理组NO、TNF-α分泌量无显著变化外(P0.05),其余各组NO、IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6分泌量均显著降低(P0.05)。(3)与空白组比较,LPS组iNOS、COX-2 mRNA及蛋白表达量均显著升高(P0.05);与LPS组比较,50～150μg/mL芒果苷预处理组iNOS、COX-2 mRNA及蛋白表达显著下降(P0.05)。(4)与空白组比较,LPS组细胞质中NF-κB p65蛋白量减少,细胞核中则增多(P0.05);与LPS组比较,150μg/mL芒果苷预处理组细胞质中NF-κB p65蛋白量升高,细胞核中蛋白量减少(P0.05)。结论芒果苷可能通过抑制NF-κB信号通路,而抑制iNOS、COX-2表达及相关炎症因子的分泌,干预LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症。     

麻黄-甘草药对对脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7细胞的体外抗炎作用分析

目的:观察麻黄-甘草药对对小鼠单核巨噬细胞系RAW264.7细胞的增殖以及对脂多糖(LPS)刺激条件下对细胞分泌一氧化氮(NO),肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和经典活化(M1)/替代活化(M2)炎症表型转化的影响。方法:利用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法考察不同剂量的药对对RAW264.7细胞增殖的影响;药对干预脂多糖(LPS,1 mg·L-1)建立的细胞炎症模型,格里斯试剂法(Griess)法检测NO释放量,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)法检测上清中TNF-α的含量;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测药对对LPS刺激条件下RAW264.7细胞M1型巨噬细胞常见标志物一氧化氮合酶(iNOS),白细胞介素-6(IL-6),IL-1β及M2型巨噬细胞常见标志物IL-10,精氨酸酶1(ARG1)及甘露糖受体1(MRC1)基因的表达。结果:麻黄-甘草药对的剂量在100 mg·L-1及以下时对RAW264.7细胞增殖没有影响;与LPS组比较,剂量在25~100 mg·L-1的药对可以显著降低NO的含量(P0.05,P0.01),10~100 mg·L-1剂量下对TNF-α表达的抑制显著(P0.05,P0.01);50 mg·L-1的药对还可以显著降低M1型巨噬细胞标志基因iNOS,IL-6及IL-1β的表达(P0.05,P0.01),而对M2型巨噬细胞标志基因IL-10,ARG1,MRC1没有影响。结论:麻黄-甘草药对能够抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症,其机制可能与抑制巨噬细胞向M1型方向的偏移,减少NO及TNF-α等炎症因子的分泌相关。     

表儿茶素对脂多糖诱导RAW264.7细胞分泌炎症因子的影响

目的:观察表儿茶素对脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7分泌炎症因子的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法:用脂多糖(1 mg·L-1)刺激生长良好的RAW264.7细胞24 h建立体外细胞炎症模型,以噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法测定不同浓度表儿茶素对RAW 264.7细胞的毒性作用,Griess试剂法检测一氧化氮(NO)含量,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测细胞上清液中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),白细胞介素-1(IL-1)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量,蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测细胞一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases,MAPKs)磷酸化表达。结果:表儿茶素在100μmol·L-1时对RAW 264.7细胞无毒性作用。与空白组比较,LPS可明显诱导RAW264.7细胞分泌炎症因子NO,TNF-α,IL-1和IL-6(P0.01);与LPS组比较,25~100μmol·L-1的表儿茶素可以明显降低LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞释放炎症因子NO,TNF-α,IL-1和IL-6(P0.05,P0.01),抑制i NOS蛋白及MAPKs亚族p38,细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal regulated kinases,ERK)和c-jun氨基末端激酶(c-jun terminal kinase,JNK)蛋白磷酸化水平表达,并呈现浓度依赖关系。结论:表儿茶素可以抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症反应,其抗炎作用可能与减少炎症因子NO,TNF-α,IL-1和IL-6,抑制i NOS蛋白表达及p38MAPK,ERK1/2和JNK的磷酸化水平有关。     

雪荔方总黄酮对LPS致RAW264.7细胞炎症的保护作用

目的观察雪荔方总黄酮(紫花地丁、六月雪、车前草、荔枝草,TFXL)对脂多糖(LPS)致RAW264.7巨噬细胞的抗炎作用。方法噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测不同浓度的雪荔方总黄酮对RAW264.7细胞活性的影响;NO试剂盒法检测雪荔方总黄酮对LPS致RAW264.7细胞的NO释放量;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)和白介素-10(IL-10)的分泌;逆转录聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR)检测诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、TNF-α、IL6和IL10 mRNA的表达;免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测细胞IκB-α、p65蛋白表达。结果与LPS模型组相比,雪荔方总黄酮能显著降低NO、TNF-α和IL-6分泌,增加IL-10分泌;抑制iNOS、TNF-α、IL6mRNA表达,促进IL10 mRNA表达;抑制IκB-α、p65的磷酸化,其高剂量组能抑制IκB-α的降解。结论本研究初步证实了雪荔方总黄酮对LPS致RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症的保护作用,其作用机制可能与NF-κB信号通路有关。     

Lipid-soluble extracts from Salvia miltiorrhiza inhibit production of LPS-induced inflammatory mediators via NF-κB modulation in RAW 264.7 cells and perform antiinflammatory effects in vivo

Salvia miltiorrhiza, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is used to treat various inflammatory diseases. In the present study, the antiinflammatory effects of S. miltiorrhiza lipid-soluble extracts (SMLE) were demonstrated in vitro and in vivo, along with its underlying mechanism of action. SMLE significantly inhibited the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. SMLE also inhibited the LPS-induced degradation of IκB-α in the cytoplasm and the translocation of p65 to the nucleus in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, SMLE inhibited the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the surface expression of CD14 induced by LPS. In animal models, intraperitoneal administration of SMLE increased the survival rate of endotoxemia and sepsis in mice. The topical administration of SMLE significantly inhibited ear edema induced by PMA. It was found that SMLE inhibits the LPS-induced gene and protein expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in macrophages by blocking NF-κB activation, and these effects are mediated, at least in part, through the inhibition of intracellular ROS generation and the surface expression of CD14. The results suggest a possible therapeutic application of SMLE in inflammatory diseases and provide scientific evidence in support of the traditional Chinese medical practice of treatment with S. miltiorrhiza.     

Taxifolin attenuates inflammation via suppressing MAPK signal pathway in vitro and in silico analysis

Objective Taxifolin is a natural flavonoid compound that can be isolated from onions, grapes, oranges and grapefruit. It also acts as a medicine food homology with extraordinary antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. This study aims to explain the protective effects and potential mechanisms of taxifolin against inflammatory reaction. Methods Levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)were assessed in different time after the treatment of taxifolin in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Subsequently, the mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and the phosphorylation expression levels of the MAPK signal pathway were also evaluated. A silico analysis was used to explain the binding situation for the investigation of taxifolin and MAPK signal pathway. And then MAPK inhibitors were used to reveal the expression level of iNOS, VEGF, COX-2 and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells. Results It was demonstrated that cell inflammatory damage induced by LPS was significantly alleviated after the treatment of taxifolin. Then, the mRNA and protein levels of iNOS, VEGF, COX-2 and TNF-α were reduced and the phosphorylation expression levels of the MAPK signal pathway were down-regulated remarkably as well. In silico analysis, taxifolin could form a relatively stable combination with MAPK signal pathway. MAPK inhibitors showed increasing or decreasing effect in the mRNA levels of iNOS, VEGF, COX-2 and TNF-α, which suggesting that taxifolin down-regulated iNOS, VEGF, COX-2 and TNF-α expressions were not entirely through the MAPK pathway. Conclusion This finding demonstrated that taxifolin improved the inflammatory responses that partly involved in the phosphorylation expression level of MAPK signal pathway in RAW264.7 cells exposed to acute stress.     

Aloe-emodin from rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Rheum rhabarbarum (rhubarb) has long been used for the treatment of inflammation in China and other Asian countries. However, the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of this medicinal plant is not fully understood. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of anthraquinones, the major constituents in rhubarb, and the molecular mechanism involved in their anti-inflammatory effects.

Materials and methods

RAW264.7 cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of the compounds examined. The proliferation of RAW264.7 cells was assayed by the Alamar-Blue method. The quantity of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by Griess assay. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time PCR. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), inhibitor of nuclear factor κBα (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and Akt/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) protein expression levels were determined by Western blotting.

Results

Aloe-emodin markedly suppressed the production of NO, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with no apparent cytotoxicity. The mRNA expression levels of iNOS, IL-6, and IL-1β genes were also significantly inhibited by aloe-emodin. Western blot analysis showed that aloe-emodin suppressed LPS-induced iNOS protein expression, IκBα degradation, and the phosphorylation of ERK, p38, JNK, and Akt.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that aloe-emodin is the bioactive component of rhubarb that confers an anti-inflammatory effect through a likely mechanism involving a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages via inhibition of NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K pathways.     

活性多酚化合物LM49对RAW264.7巨噬细胞极化的影响

目的初步探讨LM49(2,4'三羟基-5,2'-二溴二苯甲酮)对脂多糖(LPS)联合干扰素γ(IFN-γ)诱导的小鼠单核巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)M1/M2极化的影响及其调控机制。方法四曱基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法测定LM49对细胞活力的影响;流式细胞术、实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)和Westem-blot法测定LM49(5,10,20μmol·L^-1)与LPS/INF-γ共同作用于RAW264.7细胞后,巨噬细胞亚型标志物的表达情况及对核因子(NF)-κB和JAK/STAT信号通路的影响。结果与LPS/INF-γ造模组相比,LM49显著抑制CD16/32^+细胞数及诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、白细胞介素(IL)4和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-αmRNA的表达,升高CD206^+细胞数及Arg-1和IL-10 mRNA的表达,且降低巨噬细胞M1/M2的比值;Westem-blot法验证LM49可显著降低TLR4、Myd88、NF-κB和STAT1蛋白的表达量,同时抑制p-JAK2和p-STATl蛋白磷酸化水平。结论LM49通过抑制TLR4-Myd88-NF-κB和JAK2-STAT1信号通路,抑制巨噬细胞Ml型极化及促进巨噬细胞M2型极化,调节巨噬细胞M1/M2的平衡。     

芳香新塔花总黄酮对脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7细胞分泌炎症因子的影响及机制

目的观察芳香新塔花总黄酮(ZCF)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠单核/巨噬细胞系RAW264. 7细胞炎症模型中炎症因子的影响及机制。方法采用LPS刺激RAW264. 7细胞,建立细胞炎症模型。以MTT法检测不同浓度芳香新塔花总黄酮对RAW264. 7细胞的毒性作用。芳香新塔花总黄酮和阿托伐他汀钙(阳性药物)预处理,观察各组细胞的形态,以Griess法检测NO的含量,以酶联免疫吸附试验检测细胞上清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的含量,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)测定TLR4和NF-κB p65 mRNA的表达。结果1μg/m L LPS刺激RAW264. 7细胞24 h,可成功构建炎症细胞模型。芳香新塔花总黄酮在1~100μg/m L浓度范围内对RAW264. 7细胞无显著的细胞毒性。LPS刺激RAW264. 7细胞后,细胞体积明显增大,形态不规则,伸出大量的伪足,而阿托伐他汀钙和芳香新塔花总黄酮干预后,RAW264. 7细胞变小,触角减少,形态较规则。脂多糖可明显诱导RAW264. 7细胞分泌NO、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6(P <0. 01),TLR4和NF-κB p65 mRNA表达增高,而芳香新塔花总黄酮和阿托伐他汀钙可使NO、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的释放受到抑制(P <0. 05,P <0. 01)。芳香新塔花总黄酮和阿托伐他汀钙预处理可使TLR4和NF-κB p65 mRNA的表达降低(P <0. 05,P <0. 01)。结论芳香新塔花总黄酮可抑制LPS诱导的RAW264. 7细胞炎症反应,下调NO、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的表达,其机制可能与其抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号转导通路的激活有关。     

Inhibitory effects of butanol fraction of the aqueous extract of Forsythia koreana on the nitric oxide production by murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of butanol fraction of the aqueous extract of Forsythia koreana fruits on the nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthesis (iNOS) gene expression in murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. Butanol fraction alone affected neither NO production nor iNOS gene expression in macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. However, the butanol fraction inhibited NO production and iNOS gene expression in RAW 264. 7 cells stimulated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These findings suggest that inhibition of NO production by this butanol fraction in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with IFN-gamma plus LPS was due to the suppression of iNOS gene expression.     

Flower extract of Panax notoginseng attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response via blocking of NF-κB signaling pathway in murine macrophages

Aim of the study

The root of Panax notoginseng (PN) is commonly used to treat chronic liver disease with its therapeutic abilities to stop haemorrhage in the circulation, while the PN flower (PN-F) is largely unknown in the biological activities on inflammation and mechanisms of its actions. In this study, the pharmacologic effects of PN-F methanol extract on inflammation were investigated to address potential therapeutic or toxic effects in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophage cells, RAW264.7 cells.

Materials and methods

Production of NO, PGE₂ and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) in supernatant, the expression of iNOS, COX-2 and cytokines, the phosphorylation of MAPK moleduces (ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAPK), and the activation of NF-κB in PN-F extract were assayed in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.

Results

PN-F extract significantly inhibited the productions of NO, PGE₂, TNF-α and IL-1β on the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, PN-F extract suppressed the mRNA and protein expressions of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The molecular mechanism of PN-F extract-mediated attenuation in RAW264.7 cells has close a relationship to suppressing the phosphorylation of MAPK molecules such as ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAPK, and the translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit into nuclear.

Conclusion

These results indicate that PN-F extract inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response via the blocking of NF-κB signaling pathway in macrophages, and demonstrated that PN-F extract possesses anti-inflammatory properties in vitro.