Impact of Gluma Desensitizer on the tensile strength of zirconia crowns bonded to dentin: an in vitro study

This study tested the impact of Gluma Desensitizer on the tensile strength of zirconia crowns bonded to dentin. Human teeth were prepared and randomly divided into six groups (N = 144, n = 24 per group). For each tooth, a zirconia crown was manufactured. The zirconia crowns were cemented with: (1) Panavia21 (PAN), (2) Panavia21 combined with Gluma Desensitizer (PAN-G), (3) RelyX Unicem (RXU), (4) RelyX Unicem combined with Gluma Desensitizer (RXU-G), (5) G-Cem (GCM) and (6) G-Cem combined with Gluma Desensitizer (GCM-G). The initial tensile strength was measured in half (n = 12) of each group and the other half (n = 12) subjected to a chewing machine (1.2 Mio, 49 N, 5°C/50°C). The cemented crowns were pulled in a Universal Testing Machine (1 mm/min, Zwick Z010) until failure occurred and tensile strength was calculated. Data were analyzed with one-way and two-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Scheffé test, t test and Kaplan–Meier analysis with a Breslow–Gehan analysis test (α = 0.05). After the chewing simulation, the self-adhesive resin cements combined with Gluma Desensitizer showed significantly higher tensile strength (RXU-G, 12.8 ± 4.3 MPa; GCM-G, 13.4 ± 6.2 MPa) than PAN (7.3 ± 1.7 MPa) and PAN-G (0.9 ± 0.6). Within the groups, PAN, PAN-G and RXU resulted in significantly lower values when compared to the initial tensile strength; the values of all other test groups were stable. In this study, self-adhesive resin cements combined with Gluma Desensitizer reached better long-term stability compared to PAN and PAN-G after chewing simulation.     

格鲁玛脱敏剂和封闭剂治疗重症牙本质过敏

目的：寻找治疗牙本质过敏安全有效的方法。方法：采用格鲁玛脱敏剂脱敏后,再用光固化格鲁玛封闭剂封闭牙本质过敏区。结果：治疗42例98颗牙中即时有效率为96．94％,明显优于用75％氟化钠甘油糊剂组（P＜0．01）。结论：格鲁玛脱敏剂脱敏后光固化格鲁玛封闭剂封闭是重症牙本质过敏的较好方法,值得在临床推广应用。     

Er��YAG��������Gluma���������������С��Ч���о�

目的探讨Er:YAG激光与Gluma脱敏剂联合应用对牙本质小管的封闭作用。方法选取2010年3—6月于山西医科大学口腔医院口腔颌面外科因正畸拔除的24颗前磨牙,制成厚约2mm的牙本质片。根据其表面处理方式的不同随机分为4组:对照组、Er:YAG激光组、Gluma脱敏剂组、联合应用组(Er:YAG激光联合Gluma脱敏剂),每组6颗前磨牙。处理后,扫描电镜观察各组牙本质小管形态特征,并测量牙本质小管口的直径和相对面积。结果联合应用组中牙本质小管口的直径和相对面积均明显小于其他各组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 Gluma和Er:YAG联合应用对牙本质小管的封闭作用优于单独应用Gluma脱敏剂或Er:YAG激光。     

Effect of Gluma in acid-etched dentin cavities

Abstract – The marginal adaptation of a restorative resin in combination with a dentin bonding agent was investigated in dentin cavities treated either with a strong solution of phosphoric acid or with an 0.5 M EDTA solution neutralized to pH 7.4 with NaOH. It was found that both the maximum marginal contraction gap and the extent of the gap were significantly increased in acid-etched cavities when compared to cavities cleaned with the EDTA solution.     

Effect of Gluma in acid-etched dentin cavities

The marginal adaptation of a restorative resin in combination with a dentin bonding agent was investigated in dentin cavities treated either with a strong solution of phosphoric acid or with an 0.5 M EDTA solution neutralized to pH 7.4 with NaOH. It was found that both the maximum marginal contraction gap and the extent of the gap were significantly increased in acid-etched cavities when compared to cavities cleaned with the EDTA solution.     

Root caries susceptibility in periodontally treated patients

Abstract The aim of the investigation was to study the individual susceptibility to root caries in periodontally treated patients in a long-term follow-up of 12 years. Age, plaque score, salivary counts of lactobacilli and mutans streptococci, salivary secretion rate and buffer effect, oral sugar clearance time and dietary habit index were tested as possible predictors for root caries incidence. During the whole observation period of 12 years, new root caries lesions were recorded in 24 of a total of 27 patients. In 8 of these, the root caries incidence was between 1 and 5, in 7 between 6 and 9 and in 9, 12 or more new DPS. However, the annual mean number of new DPS was rather low. 13 patients with > 5 new DFS% during the 3rd 4-year period (years 9–12) differed significantly from 14 patients with 5 new DFS% in salivary mutans streptococcus counts (p < 0.001), plaque scores (p < 0.001) and new DFS% during the 2nd 4-year period (years 5–8) (p < 0.001). Simultaneously, risk values among the variables tested at the 8-year examination were about 3 × more prevalent in patients that developed > 5 new DFS% in years 9–12 than in those with 5 new DFS%. During the whole 12-year observation period, smokers had significantly more root caries than non-smokers (p < 0.05). The main conclusions from this study are (1) that root caries in this category of periodontally treated patients is a minor problem although some individuals show a high incidence, and (2) that patients at risk for development of root carties may be possible to identify by using readily available tests in addition to clinical examination and the patient's medical history.     

GLUMA脱敏剂与复合树脂充填治疗重症牙本质过敏症的临床疗效观察

目的 观察复合树脂充填治疗重症牙本质过敏症前应用Gluma脱敏剂减少术后敏感性的有效性。方法 重症牙本质过敏症患者68例,共118颗磨牙,随机分为治疗组34例,60颗磨牙,用GLUMA脱敏剂脱敏治疗后光固化复合树脂充填;对照组34例,58颗磨牙,用光固化复合树脂直接充填,在统一标准下进行即刻和1个月,3个月后的疗效对照分析。结果 在3次复查时,治疗组有5例出现术后敏感症状。而对照组有21例出现术后敏感症状。两组间有显著性差异,治疗组明显优于对照组。结论 用复合树脂充填治疗重症牙本质过敏症前使用GLUMA脱敏剂脱敏治疗可有效减少充填术后牙齿敏感症状的出现。     

Adhesion to dentin by means of Gluma resin

Abstract – In its present version, the Gluma system for bonding restorative resin to dentin involves the application of an enamel bonding agent prior to the composite resin. Conceivably, pretreating the dentin with solutions of amino acids, and incorporating camphorquinone and selected methacrylic monomers into the Gluma adhesive would nullify the need for the enamel bonding agent. A bond strength to dentin of 13.4 MPa was obtained in the control experiment. Using a solution of pyruvic acid and glycine as pretreatment, and an optimized adhesive mixture containing glutaraldehyde, HEMA, BIS-GMA, camphorquinone, and water, bond strengths to dentin of 14.5 MPa and to enamel of 23.3 MPa were obtained. Thus, the new Gluma bonding system gave acceptable bond strengths without the prior application of enamel bonding agents.     

Adhesion to dentin by means of Gluma resin

In its present version, the Gluma system for bonding restorative resin to dentin involves the application of an enamel bonding agent prior to the composite resin. Conceivably, pretreating the dentin with solutions of amino acids, and incorporating camphorquinone and selected methacrylic monomers into the Gluma adhesive would nullify the need for the enamel bonding agent. A bond strength to dentin of 13.4 MPa was obtained in the control experiment. Using a solution of pyruvic acid and glycine as pretreatment, and an optimized adhesive mixture containing glutaraldehyde, HEMA, BIS-GMA, camphorquinone, and water, bond strengths to dentin of 14.5 MPa and to enamel of 23.3 MPa were obtained. Thus, the new Gluma bonding system gave acceptable bond strengths without the prior application of enamel bonding agents.     

Inhibition of endogenous human dentin MMPs by Gluma

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine if Gluma dentin desensitizer (5.0% glutaraldehyde and 35% HEMA in water) can inhibit the endogenous MMPs of dentin matrices in 60 s and to evaluate its effect on dentin matrix stiffness and dry mass weight.MethodsDentin beams of 2 mm × 1 mm × 6 mm were obtained from extracted human third molars coronal dentin. To measure the influence of Gluma treatment time on total MMP activity of dentin, beams were dipped in 37% phosphoric acid (PA) for 15 s and rinsed in water. The acid-etched beams were then dipped in Gluma for 5, 15, 30 or 60 s, rinsed in water and incubated into SensoLyte generic MMP substrate (AnaSpec, Inc.) for 60 min. Controls were dipped in water for 60 s. Additional beams of 1 mm × 1 mm × 6 mm were completely demineralized in 37% PA for 18 h, rinsed and used to evaluate changes on the dry weight and modulus of elasticity (E) after 60 s of Gluma treatment followed by incubation in simulated body fluid buffer for 0, 1 or 4 weeks. E was measured by 3-pt flexure.ResultsGluma treatment inhibited total MMP activity of acid-etched dentin by 44, 50, 84, 86% after 5, 15, 30 or 60 s of exposure, respectively. All completely demineralized dentin beams lost stiffness after 1 and 4 weeks, with no significant differences between the control and Gluma-treated dentin. Gluma treatment for 60 s yielded significantly less dry mass loss than the control after 4 weeks.SignificanceThe use of Gluma may contribute to the preservation of adhesive interfaces by its cross-linking and inhibitory properties of endogenous dentin MMPs.     

Gluma shear bond strength to enamel and dentin treated with pyruvic acid and glycine.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pyruvic acid and glycine on the shear bond strength (SBS) of the Gluma Bonding System to dentin and enamel. Forty-five mandibular and maxillary permanent first and second molars and 45 maxillary permanent central incisors were used in the study. Fifteen test specimens were prepared with each of the following procedures. Dentin: using the conventional Gluma Bonding System (A); the Gluma 2 Cleanser was replaced with 10% pyruvic acid containing 10% glycine with pH 2.8 (B); or the dentin was etched with 10% pyruvic acid (pH 1.5) followed by the application of 10% glycine with pH adjusted to 9.0 (C). Enamel: etched with Gluma 1 Etchant (D); etched with 10% pyruvic acid containing 10% glycine (E); or etched with 10% pyruvic acid followed by the application of 10% glycine (F). The test specimens were disassembled 15 minutes after cure, stored in physiological saline at 37 degrees C for 24 hours, and the SBS determined in an Instron machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm.min.-1 The SBS was expressed in MPa. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and the Student-Newman-Keuls test. The mean +/- SD of the SBS in MPa were: A: 8.7 +/- 5.2; B: 14.7 +/- 4.6; C: 12.8 +/- 4.8; D: 19.8 +/- 3.8; E: 18.0 +/- 3.1; F: 17.6 +/- 3.5. The application of 10% pyruvic acid containing 10% glycine, and 10% pyruvic acid followed by 10% glycine, resulted in a significant increase in SBS to dentin. The SBS to enamel treated with the three procedures were not significantly different.     

Effect of acidic pretreatment on adhesion to dentin mediated by Gluma

Tensile bond strengths between dentin and a typical restorative resin were measured after the dentin was treated with Gluma. Solutions of phosphoric, pyruvic, nitric, or oxalic acid, also containing various amino acids, were used as pretreatments. Without amino acids in the solutions, the pretreatments conferred bonds of low strength. Use of acidic solutions containing glycine or N-phenylglycine was found to give bonds of high strength to both dentin and enamel.     

即刻牙本质封闭对瓷贴面预备后基牙敏感程度的影响

目的 评价牙本质即刻封闭技术对瓷贴面修复后基牙敏感的防治效果.方法 选择76名患者的138颗活髓前牙进行瓷贴面基牙预备后随机分为试验组和对照组.其中,试验组69颗牙齿,基牙预备后,用牙本质粘接剂Gingle bondⅡ)涂布于基牙表面再取印模;对照组69颗牙齿,基牙预备后直接取模.然后2组均常规制作临时冠粘接.在取模后...     

Long-term evaluation of root surface caries in periodontally treated patients

Caries development on exposed root surfaces was evaluated in 31 patients who had been subjected to surgical and/or nonsurgical periodontal treatment 8 years earlier due to advanced chronic periodontitis. Besides assessments for evaluation of the periodontal treatment, a number of examinations and tests were carried out in order to assess variables presumed to influence the root surface caries development. Both statistical and graphical analyses were carried out to test differences between groups of subjects and to evaluate the variables studied as possible risk factors for root surface caries. The variables studied were: salivary lactobacillus count, salivary Streptococcus mutans count, plaque score, salivary secretion rate, salivary buffer effect, oral sugar clearance time, dietary habits and the age of the subject. The final results support previous findings from an initial 4-year period that root surface caries occurs, though to a minor extent, in this patient category demonstrating good or excellent periodontal conditions after periodontal treatment. A positive correlation was found between the baseline and final root surface caries scores. After the second 4-year period, the salivary counts of S. mutans and lactobacilli, the plaque score and the dietary habits differed significantly between groups of subjects who had developed 0 or greater than 5 new DFS %. Root surface caries was far more prevalent when risk values of the variables studied were present than when they were absent. The important variables in this respect differed considerably between the subjects. No single variable was found to be discriminative in all subjects.     

Effect of the topical application of triclosan in periodontally treated patients

The aim of this clinical parallel, double-blind study was to evaluate the effect of irrigating, with 0.6% triclosan, periodontal pockets 2 4 mm showing persisting signs of inflammation 90 days after sub-gingival scaling and root planing. 14 patients, aged 35-61 years, were randomly assigned to test group (TG) or placebo group (PG). In TG, pockets were rinsed with 10 ml of triclosan while in PG, pockets were rinsed with placebo. Irrigations were repeated fort-nightly for 70 days (total 6 rinses). Clinical examinations consisted of Plaque Index (PlI), Gingival Index (GI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD) and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL). Median values of PlI, GI and BOP were analyzed over time with the Friedman test and for the multiple comparisons with Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Means for PPD, and CAL were analyzed with repeated measurements ANOVA (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the PlI and GI between groups. BOP was reduced significantly in both groups in a similar fashion. Significant reductions in PPD were observed for both groups. TG showed a PPD reduction of 0.8 mm whereas PG reduced 0.4 mm. No difference was found among groups for PPD. CAL gain for the TG group was 0.7 mm and for the PG of 0.5 mm. Only the gains observed for the TG group were significant. It can be concluded that 0.6% triclosan or placebo irrigation, 3 months after non-surgical treatment, of sites with persistent signs of inflammation, produced similar results.