职业健康监护网络管理系统的应用

目的应用简单、快捷、适用的职业健康检查网络系统,提高职业健康监护管理效率。方法采用Oracleqi数据库,将职业健康技术服务机构所有体检相关部门计算机联网,开发职业健康检查系统;并建立劳动者、用人单位及技术服务机构基本档案,生成职业健康监护各类报表,建立职业健康监护网络管理系统。结果经过4年多的开发与应用,实现了各部门体检数据网络传输,简化了体检流程,减少了重复劳动,提高了职业健康监护效率。结论该系统是简单、快捷、适用的职业健康监护管理系统,功能强大,具有很好的应用价值,适合地（市）级以上职业健康监护部门采用。     

在岗期间职业健康检查引入“行动水平”管理的探讨

正用人单位开展作业人员职业健康检查是职业病早期预防工作的重要组成部分,《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》中明确要求用人单位应定期组织从事接触职业病危害作业的劳动者开展职业健康检查。《职业健康监护技术规范》(GBZ188—2014)是开展职业健康监护工作的依据及规范,规定了职业健康监护的基本原则和接触相关职业病危害因素的劳动者开展职业健康监护的目标疾病、健康检查的内容和周期,其中在岗期间职业健康检查周期粉尘类因素依据作业场所有毒作     

新形势下职业健康监护档案的建立和管理

2002年5月1日，《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》颁布实施后，体现了党和政府对劳动者身体健康的关心，同时使职业病防治工作逐步走向法制化、规范化。法律规定：用人单位必须定期组织劳动者进行职业健康检查，进行职业健康检查的职业卫生技术服务机构必须取得省级卫生行政部门的资质认定。职业健康监护档案有可能成为法律上的重要证据，因此，在新形势下职业健康监护档案的建立和管理显得尤为重要。     

职业健康检查工作的实践与建议

通过对基层职业健康检查实践的分析, 对工作中的难点、重点进行总结, 并提出针对性的建议, 以便更好地开展职业健康检查工作, 充分发挥其职业病防治作用。认为通过确定职业健康监护的目标疾病, 对用人单位和劳动者进行职业健康监护知识宣传, 加强质量控制, 能提高职业健康检查质量; 职业健康检查工作的有效开展需要政府监督部门、用人单位和职业健康检查机构的共同配合。     

职业健康监护信息网络管理系统中的质量控制

职业健康监护检查关系用人单位的法律责任和劳动者的切身利益,本文从职业健康监护工作的实际问题出发,将质量管理的要求嵌入《职业健康监护信息网络管理系统》的各个技术环节,充分利用网络技术提高职业卫生技术服务工作效率的同时满足职业健康检查质量管理的需求,进一步规范各职业健康检查机构质量体系的有效运行,促进了本地     

乐陵市职业健康监护工作现状与对策

目的了解乐陵市职业健康监护工作现状并提出相应对策。方法对乐陵市职业健康监护工作现状进行分析。结果用人单位及劳动者普遍缺乏职业病防治法律意识。结论坚持宣传教育,增强用人单位及劳动者法律意识,加强职业健康检查机构自身能力建设。加强部门间协作,共同做好职业健康监护工作。     

职业健康检查工作中存在的问题与分析

<正>职业健康检查是对劳动者实施职业健康监护的主要内容,是贯彻《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》,保护劳动者健康的重要措施。GBZ 188-2014《职业健康监护技术规范》使技术服务机构在开展职业健康检查时有据可依,对规范我国职业健康监护工作,保护劳动者健康起到了积极的作用。我院自2002年取得职业健康检查资质以来,不断完善职业健康检查工作程序和质量控制体系,为用人单位和劳动者提供了良好的职业健康监护。为了更好地做好此项工作,我们分析总结了职业健     

职业健康监护工作的体会与探索

职业健康监护是职业病预防控制工作的重要内容之一，也是一项系统工程，需要由政府、用人单位、劳动者及职业卫生服务机构共同参与。2003年以来，上海市卫生行政部门开展了职业健康检查机构的资质认证工作，目前获得市卫生局批准的职业健康检查机构有96家。全市职业健康检查的覆盖面不断扩大，接触职业危害劳动者的受检率逐年提高。     

职业卫生健康监护信息化管理系统的开发与应用

根据鄞州区区域卫生规划，按照就近服务的原则分别设置了4家职业卫生健康检查机构并通过浙江省卫生厅职业卫生健康检查资质认证。为了使职业病防治机构能够跟踪受职业危害的劳动者职业史，并对流动劳动力就业链中的职业卫生情况作出评估．结合职业卫生重点学科建设工作的需要我中心与宁波大学商学院宏微软件技术有限公司合作开发了职业卫生健康监护信息化管理系统软件，应用职业健康监护信息系统形成全区职业健康监护档案信息互联互通，现报告如下。     

职业健康监护中存在的问题及对策

[目的]分析职业健康监护存在的问题。[方法]针对用人单位、劳动者、职业健康检查,卫生监督机构、政府部门等探讨职业健康监护存在的问题。[结果]用人单位守法意识不强,贯彻职业病防治法不力;职业健康检查机构存在无资质从事职业健康检查情况;劳动者普遍文化水平低,对职业危害及有关防护知识不了解,不知道享有健康检查的权利;卫生监督执法人员少、素质低、经费不足;政府部门未能对劳动者健康权益引起足够重视,未能给予监督机构足够的财力物力支持。[结论]加强宣传教育,提高政府对《职业病防治法》的认识水平,增强用人单位职业病防治意识,提高劳动者的自我保护和维权意识,建立健康监护信息管理系统,加强机构的能力建设,树立全局观念,加强部门合作,规范职、世健康检查。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.