经皮左锁骨下动脉植入药盒在10例晚期恶性肿瘤治疗中的应用

常规动脉内插管化疗已成为中晚期恶性肿瘤治疗的重要手段。近年来 ,在动脉插管化疗技术的基础上 ,通过植入皮下药盒系统 (Ｐｏｒｔ ｃａｈｅｔｅｒｓｙｓｔｅｍ ,ＰＣＳ) ,提供快捷、通畅、准确的治疗通道愈加受到重视。我们对 10例晚期恶性肿瘤患者采用经锁骨下动脉途径皮下植入药盒系统治疗 ,取得较好效果。1　材料与方法1 1　一般资料　本组 10例 ,男 7例 ,女 3例 ,年龄2 4～ 6 4岁 ,平均 4 3岁 ,直肠、结肠癌术后复发 4例 ,肝癌 3例 ,胃癌 2例 ,卵巢癌 1例 ,所有病例均经临床和影像或穿刺活检证实。1 2　材料　 18Ｇ穿刺针 ,5ＦＣｏｂｒ…     

经皮左锁骨下动脉导管药盒系统植入术治疗转移性肝癌观察

目的探讨经皮左锁骨下动脉路径导管药盒系统植入术在转移性肝癌治疗中的临床应用价值。方法 2003年5月~2008年8月对25例转移性肝癌采用Seldinger技术经皮左锁骨下动脉穿刺插管,将留置管头端置于靶动脉,尾端连接药盒,并将药盒埋植于左胸壁皮下,经药盒注射行化疗栓塞治疗。结果 25例手术均获得了成功,术后1例切口延迟愈合,1例药盒翻转,1例导管药盒系统（PCS）堵塞,经适当处理后得到了解决。结论经皮左锁骨下动脉导管药盒系统植入术对转移性肝癌治疗简便、经济、安全和有效。     

晚期肿瘤动脉化疗药盒植入术的护理

对于晚期不能手术的肺癌、食管癌、肝癌 ,药物治疗是主要治疗方法。但是 ,目前所有抗肿瘤药物最大的缺点是对全身副作用大。近年来发展起来的动脉介入化疗虽然减少了全身的副作用 ,增强局部药物浓度 ,但存在着放射线的伤害 ,化疗药物注射时间仓促 ,反复插管等问题。动脉化疗药盒植入可以解决以上问题 ,满足长期灌注的需要 ,根据肿瘤类型及增长规律设计最佳方案 ,我们对 2 0例化疗药盒植入的病人进行了认真的监护 ,未出现严重并发症。现就护理要点介绍如下。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料　我科 1997年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 9月用此方法治疗 2 0例…     

经导管药盒系统动脉灌注治疗中、晚期恶性肿瘤30例疗效观察

目的评价中、晚期恶性肿瘤患者经导管药盒系统(PCS)动脉灌注化疗药物及榄香烯乳后的临床疗效。方法63例中、晚期恶性肿瘤患者随机分为A组31例(灌注化疗药物+榄香烯乳)、B组32例(单纯灌注化疗药物),比较2组近期疗效。结果A、B组总有效率分别为66.7%、46.7%,1y生存率分别为56.7%、43.3%,2组比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论经PCS动脉灌注化疗药物加用榄香烯乳治疗中、晚期恶性肿瘤可行,且疗效优于单纯灌注化疗药物。     

经皮穿刺药盒导管系统植入术

目的 探讨经皮股动脉穿刺药盒导管系统（PCS）植入术的技术要领及其对转移性肝癌、盆腔巨大肿瘤的临床治疗意义。方法 对直肠癌术后肝脏多发性转移、胰头癌伴肝转移和右侧卵巢癌伴盆腔广泛转移患各1例,均采用Seldinger技术行右侧股动脉穿刺插管至靶血管内行肿瘤供血动脉造影,适度栓塞、化疗药灌注后,将药盒导管交换入靶血管内。结果 3例患PCS植入术均获得成功,术后随访3－4月,药盒导管通畅,病灶缩小,患全身情况好转。结论 经皮穿刺PCS植入术对转移性肝癌、盆腔巨大肿瘤能进行规律性、简易易行、有效的治疗。     

经皮左锁骨下动脉导管药盒植入术治疗8例晚期肿瘤报告

目的 探讨经皮左锁骨下动脉行导管药盒系统（ＰＣＳ）植入术治疗晚期肿瘤的临床价值。方法 对８例晚期肿瘤患者施行经皮左锁骨下动脉穿刺ＰＣＳ植入术。术后经ＰＣＳ每隔半个月行规律性化疗和免疫治疗加碘油池剂栓塞治疗,以观察其疗效。结果 ６例患者置管成功（６／８）,２例因血管走行严重变形,改从股动脉置管,留置管通畅率（７／８）,所有病例经半年多临床观察无１例留置管滑脱、移位,植入药盒部位无１例感染,切口愈合良     

经皮动脉药盒系统植入在胰腺癌区域动脉化疗中的应用

目的探讨经皮动脉药盒系统植入行区域动脉化疗对于中晚期胰腺癌的临床疗效。方法 46例中晚期胰腺癌被分成2组。(1)药盒组:24例患者行经皮动脉植入导管药盒,经药盒行区域动脉化疗。(2)全身化疗组:同期接受全身化疗的22例胰腺癌患者为全身化疗组。两组均给予吉西他滨与奥沙利铂联合的化疗方案。结果药盒组和全身化疗组临床受益率分别为62.5%和36.3%(P0.05);总有效率(CR+PR)分别为58.3%和31.8%(P0.05)。药盒组生存期4～18个月,中位生存期9.5个月;全身化疗组生存期2～10个月,中位生存期4.6个月。毒副反应以I～Ⅱ度胃肠道反应为主,无Ⅲ度以上的血液学、胃肠道及肝肾功能的毒副反应。结论经动脉药盒系统行区域性动脉灌注化疗治疗胰腺癌可明显改善患者生存质量,延长生存期。     

动脉内导管药盒系统植入术后切口开裂的探讨

目的 通过69例动脉内导管药盒系统植入术后切口开裂的探讨，提出解决办法，为减轻患者痛苦做出努力。方法 采取两种药盒植入位置：左锁骨下动脉穿刺，左胸壁皮下药盒植入术及右股动脉穿刺，右腹壁皮下药盒植入术。结果 69例患者中切口延迟愈合或开裂3例。结论 术前准备的充分程度、操作技术的水平提高、术后护理的完善是预防动脉内导管药盒系统植入术后切口开裂的关键。     

超选择动脉插管与导管药盒系统化疗对中晚期宫颈癌疗效的对比研究

目的探讨植入式导管药盒化疗与髂内动脉插管介入化疗对中晚期宫颈癌的疗效。方法中晚期宫颈癌患者81例．随机分为动脉药盒组（PCS）（治疗组）和介入栓塞组（TACE）（对照组）,手术或放疗前分别给予PCS和TACE化疗。结果（1）治疗组和对照组病人近期临床总有效率分别为90．0％、70．73％;手术率分别为85．0％、65．85％;骨髓抑制和胃肠道毒副反应分别为37．5％、67.3％和61．0％、87．8％;治疗费用及住院时间两组比较．差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（2）两组病人复发率及生存率分别比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论PCS栓塞化疗治疗中晚期宫颈癌近期有效率明显提高,毒副作用减少,具有广阔的应用前景。     

经股动脉植入化疗药盒治疗老年晚期肺癌37例

目的:探讨经股动脉植入化疗药盒治疗老年晚期肺癌治疗效果。方法:对37例无外科手术指征、60岁以上老年晚期肺癌患者,采用经股动脉植入药盒系统,经动脉进行化疗,每月注药化疗1次,共6次后,隔3个月、6个月各注药1次,第二年起每年注药1次,并做疗效观察。结果:治疗效果显示近期疗效显著,60%的患者部分症状缓解,70%的患者生存期延长。结论:经股动脉植入化疗药盒动脉化疗能提高局部药物浓度,提高老年晚期肺癌患者的生活质量,为治疗老年晚期肺肺癌介入治疗提供了新的、简便的方法。     

静脉化疗联合经皮穿刺无水酒精肝内注射治疗晚期肝转移癌

目的观察静脉化疗联合经皮穿刺无水酒精肝转移瘤内注射治疗肝转移癌的疗效。方法根据原发恶性肿瘤的来源采用不同的静脉化疗的同时,对21例肝转移瘤灶在B超引导下行瘤体内注射无水酒精治疗。结果14例有原发病灶者的原发病灶的疗效,7例为PR,无1例CR和PD;肝内转移灶经PEI治疗,每个病灶最少2次,最多8次,无水酒精用量平均为6 ml;均达到治疗有效。毒副反应为食欲低下、恶心呕吐,白细胞减少,肝功能一过性异常和穿刺部位疼痛。结论无水酒精局部注射治疗和静脉全身化疗的结合对恶性肿瘤伴肝转移的治疗可能有一定疗效,有待进一步研究和随访。     

晚期癌痛患者在社区应用吗啡经皮自控镇痛的探讨

目的探讨晚期癌痛患者在社区应用吗啡经皮自控镇痛的效果。方法选择本社区2010年6月～2011年6月利用吗啡经皮自控镇痛的晚期癌痛患者27例,设为观察组,与同期采用肌注吗啡和地西泮镇痛的26例患者就镇痛效果与患者满意度进行比较。结果观察组在给予镇痛治疗1、3、7、10d后VAS评分明显低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义,P〈0.05。观察组满意23例,占85.19%;基本满意3例;占11.11%;总体满意率为96.30%;对照组总体满意率为57.69%;两组满意率比较差异具有统计学意义,P〈0.05。结论晚期癌痛患者在社区应用吗啡经皮自控镇痛效果更好,可明显改善患者的生存质量和提高患者的满意度。     

Nintedanib for the treatment of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer

An unmet need remains for effective, well-tolerated treatment options in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer that can alleviate the disease burden for a broad selection of patients. Nintedanib (Vargatef) is a potent, oral, triple angiokinase inhibitor of three distinct pro-angiogenic pathways. A recent Phase III trial of second-line nintedanib plus docetaxel met the primary end point of progression-free survival and demonstrated significant benefit in the key secondary end point of overall survival, with median overall survival greater than 1 year for patients with adenocarcinoma histology. This article summarizes preclinical and clinical experience with nintedanib in non-small-cell lung cancer to date and discusses how it may be used in the future, including prospects for individualizing treatment by tumor proliferation dynamics and molecular biomarkers of response.     

晚期支气管肺癌侵犯不同部位的外科治疗

目的 探讨晚期支气管肺癌侵犯不同部位的外科处理方法。方法 隆突切除重建６ 例、支气管肺叶肺动脉双袖切除重建１８例、支气管肺叶袖状切除重建３８例（含隆突切除重建３ 例）、心包内肺切除 ５２例、胸膜全肺切除 ２８例。结果 全组无手术死亡，未发生吻合口瘘，无其他严重并发症发生。随访：隆突切除重建１例术后１４６ｄ因肺部感染呼吸衰竭死亡，其余５例术后生存最长已超过３年，最短为１．５年。１、３、５年生存率分别是：支气管肺动脉双袖状切除重建９４．４％、４４．４％、２７．８％，支气管肺叶袖状切除重建９７．４％、５２．６％、３４．２％，心包内肺切除８０．８％、２６．９％、１５．４％。胸膜全肺切除平均存活期１８个月，中位生存期１７个月，水胸、胸痛及上腹痛未复发。结论 采用不同的手术方法，治疗晚期肺癌，符合肺癌手术的“两个最大限度”原则，可扩大肺癌的手术指征，减少开胸探查率，提高病人生活质量，为晚期肺癌病人提供多学科综合治疗创造了条件。     

伊立替康载药微球肝动脉栓塞治疗不可手术切除的结直肠癌肝转移的效果分析

目的 分析伊立替康载药微球肝动脉栓塞治疗不可手术切除的结直肠癌肝转移的临床效果.方法 50例不可手术切除的结直肠癌肝转移患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,各25例.实验组采用伊立替康载药微球肝动脉栓塞治疗,对照组采用全身化疗.分析比较两组患者的近期疗效、生存情况及并发症发生情况.结果 实验组患者完全缓解(CR)率、部分缓解...     

Crizotinib for the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Crizotinib is a potent small-molecule inhibitor of ALK tyrosine kinase receptor (anaplastic lymphoma kinase; ALK) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGF receptor, proto-oncogene c-Met). A range of tumors, including subsets of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), anaplastic large cell lymphoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors harbor an ALK rearrangement that leads to oncogenic activation of ALK. Crizotinib has demonstrated preclinical and clinical activity against such malignancies through inhibition of ALK, and patients harboring ALK- rearranged NSCLC have demonstrated high response rates and prolonged progression-free survival in phase I and II studies. In August 2011, crizotinib was approved for the treatment of advanced ALK-positive NSCLC.     

Androgen deprivation therapy with Leuprolide acetate for treatment of advanced prostate cancer

Introduction: Hormone sensitive advanced prostate cancer (PCa) is an incurable disease that is treated with a variety of hormonal therapies targeting the androgen/androgen receptor signaling axis. For decades androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) by surgical or chemical castration is the gold standard for the treatment of advanced PCa.

Areas covered: This review discusses the pharmacological features of Leuprolide, a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists/analog and the most commonly used drug in ADT.

Expert opinion: Although Leuprolide has been on the market for more than 30 years it is still the leading option for ADT and serves as a basis for most multimodal therapy concepts. The fact that with the onset of castration-resistance in late stage metastatic disease, a prolongation of ADT in combination with a second line hormonal manipulation is recommended supports the importance of the compound for daily clinical practice.     

Advancing pharmacological treatment options for advanced gastric cancer

Introduction: Gastric cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Improvement of conventional chemotherapy has been modest in the past decades.

Areas covered: We review recent important studies of metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer. For human epidermal growth factor receptors 2 (HER2) negative cancer, standard treatments are combinations of fluoropyrimidine and platinum with or without epirubicin or docetaxel in first-line therapy. Controversy exists regarding the use of triplet chemotherapies due to their toxicity. For HER2 positive cancer, standard treatments are combinations of fluoropyrimidine and cisplatin with trastuzumab. As second- or third-line treatment, taxanes or irinotecan prolonged survival compared with best supportive care alone, but the extension of overall survival was only 1 – 2 months. A recent study demonstrated that ramucirumab plus paclitaxel improved survival as a second-line therapy.

Expert opinion: Most trials have failed to demonstrate a benefit of targeted agents. It is important to identify predictive biomarkers to enrich an appropriate patient population for targeted agents such as HER2 status for trastuzumab.     

Pharmacologic treatment options for advanced epithelial skin cancer

Introduction: Epithelial skin cancers (ESCs), namely basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), are considered common skin malignancies, with rising incidence rates over the past few decades. A subgroup of patients with ESC present with advanced and ‘difficult’-to-treat tumours, including locally advanced and metastatic tumours. Currently, there is no widely accepted staging system for locally advanced ESCs, while metastatic BCCs and SCCs share a staging system. Therefore, selecting an appropriate therapeutic regimen for these patients may be difficult.

Areas covered: The purpose of this review is to highlight the pharmacologic treatment options for advanced ESCs. These include ‘conventional’ chemotherapeutic regimens such as 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, vincristine, bleomycin and doxorubicin and newer, more ‘targeted’ therapies.

Expert opinion: Vismodegib, a Hedgehog (Hh) inhibitor, was recently approved for the treatment of advanced BCC showing a good efficacy rate and a relatively well-tolerated safety profile in clinical studies. In addition, a number of hedgehog inhibitors are now in Phase I and II trials of advanced BCC demonstrating encouraging results. Phase II studies with epithelial growth factor receptor inhibitors, such as cetuximab, gefitinib, panitimumab and erlotinib have been conducted in patients with advanced SCCs, used either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. However, there is still much knowledge to be gained about the treatment efficacies, optimal treatment durations, mechanisms of drug tolerance, adverse events and the ways in which these therapies influence patient outcomes and quality of life.