冠心病合并左室室壁瘤行冠状动脉旁路移植术未同期行左心室成形术的疗效分析

目的 分析冠心病合并左室室壁瘤形成患者仅行冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）但未同期行左心室成形术的疗效。 方法 2008年1月至2012年12月武汉亚洲心脏病医院收治冠心病合并室壁瘤患者共105例,术中探查发现室壁瘤边界欠清或活动欠佳或无明显矛盾运动而未处理室壁瘤患者共74例,其中男59例,女15例;年龄 （60.96±9.09） 岁。冠状动脉造影显示：单支血管病变5例,双支病变10例,3支病变45例,左主干＋3支病变14例。术中发现30例室壁瘤界限不清,29例心尖室壁变薄、室壁瘤不明显,15例室壁瘤未见明显的矛盾运动、心尖部质地较厚。所有患者均行冠状动脉旁路移植术。在体外循环下手术62例,非体外循环下手术12例。70例采用左乳内动脉吻合于左前降支,2例行左前降支内膜剥脱术。因二尖瓣中-重度反流行二尖瓣成形术3例,二尖瓣置换术2例;因合并主动脉瓣重度狭窄同期行主动脉瓣置换术1例。 结果 术后因恶性心律失常、缺血、缺氧性脑病死亡2例 （2.7%）;因低心排血量、围术期心肌梗死、恶性心律失常等行主动脉内球囊反搏 （IABP） 辅助6例。术后随访70例,随访时间24～60 （43±12） 个月。随访期间发现心室内血栓形成8例,其中5例服用华法林1年内血栓消失,无1例发生血栓脱落栓塞事件。超声心动图检查提示：室壁瘤消失18例 （25.7%）。出院时、术后6个月、1年射血分数较术前明显增高 （术后6个月与术前比较：44%±6% vs. 39%±5%）,左心室舒张期末内径 ［术后6个月与术前比较：（54.37±6.28） mm vs. （59.24±6.24）mm］、左心室收缩期末内径与术前比较明显缩小 （P＜0.01）。但随着时间延长,左心室舒张期末内径、左心室收缩期末内径较出院时逐渐增大。 结论 对于合并室壁瘤的冠心病患者,根据术中探查实际情况未行左心室成形术仅行冠状动脉旁路移植术,术后射血分数、左心室舒张期末内径、左心室收缩期末内径均较术前明显改善,但术后心室扩大呈进行性发展。     

Myocardial revascularization in patients with low ejection fraction < or =35%: effect of pump technique on early morbidity and mortality

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Left ventricular dysfunction is an important predictor of in-hospital mortality. Surgical risk among these patients remains high. The present study is conducted to evaluate the difference in early morbidity and mortality among patients with compromised left ventricular function (LVF) after myocardial revascularization using either off-pump or on-pump coronary artery bypass graft. METHODS: Between April 2000 and April 2004, 150 patients with ejection fraction (EF) < or =35% underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. Eighty-four patients underwent conventional bypass (mean EF 30.1%+/- 4.2) and 66 patients had off-pump coronary artery bypass (mean EF 27.5%+/- 5.5). Different variables (preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative) were evaluated and compared. Determination of operation risk was done using EuroSCORE. Patients who underwent OPCAB were more risky due to a high percentage of associated comorbidities, mean EuroSCORE was 12.96 +/- 13.21 in comparison to 8.47 +/- 10.22 in CCAB. RESULTS: The mean operative mortality was 8.7%. Patients who underwent OPCAB had a lower operative mortality than CCAB (6.1% vs. 10.7%) inspite of a higher preoperative predicted risk score. Completeness of revascularization was higher among the CCAB group (85.7% vs. 69.7%; p = 0.01). Subsequently, the mean number of grafts was significantly higher among this group (3.4+/-0.7 vs. 2.0 +/-0.9; p < 0.001). On the other hand, morbidity was significantly higher in CCAB (35.7% vs. 19.7%; p = 0.03). However, the incidence of both myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation was more among OPCAB. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with left ventricular dysfunction are high-risk group. These patients can benefit from myocardial revascularization using either off-pump or conventional CABG, but both are associated with a higher mortality and morbidity than those with normal ventricle. The use of off-pump CABG resulted in better clinical outcome and mortality, but less number of grafts performed than those with conventional CABG especially in patients with lowest EF.     

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial: A review of outcomes

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant source of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. The landmark Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial has provided greatly needed evidence in the management of patients with severe left ventricle (LV) dysfunction (LVEF ≤ 35%) and CAD amenable to revascularization. The trial investigated two primary hypotheses: (i) that coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with optimal medical therapy (OMT) was superior to OMT alone, and (ii) that CABG with surgical ventricular reconstruction (SVR) would be superior to CABG alone. The results of the 10‐year follow‐up demonstrated significant long‐term benefits with the addition of CABG to OMT. However, the second hypothesis yielded controversial results as the study found no difference between CABG with SVR and SVR alone. The STICH trial, and the numerous subanalyses that followed have reinforced and challenged a number of widely held beliefs regarding the management of patients with severe LV dysfunction and ischemic heart failure. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to outline the published data from the STICH trial and its substudies while providing a balanced assessment of the evidence‐based conclusions and criticisms that have followed.     

Complete revascularization in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates whether patients with coronary artery disease and severely depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) benefit from complete revascularization by multivessel coronary artery bypass. METHODS: From April 1994 to May 2002, 42 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) at our institution had impaired left ventricular (LV) function [an ejection fraction (EF) of 30% or less]. The average preoperative LVEF was 23.8%. The mean number of grafts was 4.6. Complete revascularization by multivessel bypass grafting was the goal for all patients. RESULTS: Thirty days mortality was 0 and hospital mortality was 2.4%. The mean graft patency rate for 35 (83%) patients at one month was 98.8%. The mean postoperative LVEF improved significantly, from 23.8% to 35.2% (p<0.05), and the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification was improved in most patients. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of survival at 5 years was 83.1%, and that of the cardiac event-free rate at 5 years was 77.5%. CONCLUSION: For patients with poor LV function, complete surgical revascularization by multivessel bypass grafting can be performed safely, with satisfactory hospital mortality and long-term results.     

室壁瘤切除左心室几何重建连续42例经验

目的总结42例室壁瘤切除左心室成形加冠状动脉搭桥无死亡的经验. 方法 42例左心室室壁瘤患者,男41例、女1例,平均年龄(55.5±2.4)岁(40～68岁).38例有不稳定性心绞痛,术前合并严重室性心律失常10例,其中有心室颤动病史2例,反复发作室性心动过速8例,合并高血压病26例,糖尿病3例,重症慢性阻塞性肺疾病1例;心功能(NYHA)Ⅲ级32例,Ⅳ级10例;合并二尖瓣轻至中度关闭不全6例.42例经左心室造影和手术证实为解剖性室壁瘤,位于前间壁41例、下壁1例.左心室射血分数(LVEF)平均41%(17%～63%),其中LVEF<40%29例.33例采用Jatene术式,8例Dor术式, 1例Cooley术式,其中10例在心脏跳动下完成左心室成形术.左主干病变7例,3支病变30例,2支病变6例,单纯左前降支病变5例.全部患者同期行冠状动脉搭桥术,乳内动脉使用率100%.术中证实左心室内附壁血栓21例.平均体外循环时间(135±11)min,阻断升主动脉(78±10)min. 结果术后平均住院天数(13.1±1.2)d,住ICU(2.8±0.6)d.使用主动脉内气囊反搏7例(17%),术后发生顽固性室性心动过速1例,胸骨哆开1例,术后早期渗血、二次开胸止血1例.术后左心室前后径、舒张末期和收缩末期容量较术前明显缩小(P<0.05),LVEF有增加趋势(P>0.05).围手术期无死亡,均痊愈出院.术后随访10个月至4年,无死亡. 结论室壁瘤切除左心室几何重建术同期行冠状动脉旁路术,除改善心功能外,可消除室性心动过速,手术安全、可靠,效果良好.     

Multivessel off-pump revascularization in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of multivessel beating heart revascularization in a high-risk group of patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction as well as to provide intermediate survival and quality of life data. METHODS: Our prospectively updated database was queried to extract all patients with left ventricular ejection fraction < or =30% who underwent beating heart revascularization. Standard demographics, clinical profiles and outcomes were collected. Outcomes were compared with Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) benchmarks for all coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients. Telephone interviews were conducted and survival and quality of life data were tabulated. In addition, morbidity and mortality outcomes were compared with a concurrent cohort of patients with similarly impaired left ventricular function who underwent conventional coronary artery bypass. RESULTS: One hundred off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting patients were identified and follow-up was 93% complete in these patients. Mean age was 67+/-10.5 years and mean ejection fraction was 26+/-4%. Twenty-one percent were females. Balloon counterpulsation support was used liberally in the perioperative period. Patients received a mean of 3.5 grafts with 83% internal mammary artery use. Observed mortality was 3% with a predicted mortality of 5.3%. Observed to expected ratio was 0.56. Incidence of adverse events compared favorably with both that reported in the STS for all CABG patients regardless of left ventricular function, and also to a concurrent CABG cohort. One-year survival was 85%. Freedom from cardiac readmission was 88% and freedom from angina was 83%. No patient required repeat percutaneous or surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that multivessel off-pump revascularization in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction is a safe and effective alternative to conventional grafting. Long-term follow-up is mandatory to confirm these encouraging intermediate outcomes.     

The mid-term outcome of geometric endoventricular repair for the patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have suggested that increased left ventricular (LV) size is a risk factor for perioperative mortality in patients with low ejection fraction (EF) undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). We previously presented a new method of LV reconstruction, called geometric endoventricular repair (GER) as representing a physiologically effective repair. The aim of this study is to assess whether GER confers benefits compared to patients undergoing CABG alone. METHODS: Between July 1996 and July 2001, 110 patients with a low EF of less than 35% documented by radionuclide ventriculogram (RNVG) underwent CABG in Austin Hospital, Australia, and were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 52 patients undergoing isolated CABG. Group II comprised 58 patients undergoing CABG and GER. We compared the two groups in terms of EF, NYHA class, incidence of recurrent heart failure, and mortality. RESULTS: Preoperative EF was 27.7+/-6.1% in group I and 27.4+/-5.7% in group II, respectively (NS), with significant improvement in both groups (33.8+/-13.0% in group I, 35.1+/-13.3% in group II). NYHA class was also significantly improved postoperatively (from 3.3 to 1.8 in group I, and 3.6 to 1.7 in group II). There were 15 patients (28.8%) hospitalized for heart failure in group I, postoperatively, compared to seven patients (10.9%) in group II (p=0.026). Cardiac event-free survival rate at 28 months (mean follow-up) was also significantly higher in group II (88.9% in group II vs. 70.6% in group I, p=0.05). The actuarial survival rate at 31 months (mean follow-up) was 88.2% in group I and 95.3% in group II, respectively (NS). CONCLUSIONS: LV reconstruction along with CABG for ischemic ventricular dysfunction may provide symptomatic and cardiac event free survival benefits, compared to CABG alone.     

Avoidance of Cardiopulmonary Bypass Improves Early Survival in Multivessel Coronary Artery Bypass Patients with Poor Ventricular Function

Abstract Background: Patients with diminished ventricular function represent an increasing percentage of candidates for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We have reviewed our recent experience in CABG in patients with ejection fractions (EF) 相似文献   

Surgical revascularization in patients with poor left ventricular function: on- or off-pump?

BACKGROUND: Patients with left ventricular dysfunction and low ejection fraction (EF) are at high-risk of complication and mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The potential success of off-pump CABG in this high-risk population has yet to be determined. The purpose of this study is to compare the outcome of off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) and conventional coronary artery bypass (CCAB) in patients with poor left ventricular function, all from a single institution. METHODS: Data on patient demographics, preoperative risk factors, operative and postoperative outcomes were collected retrospectively on all patients having undergone isolated CABG between January 1, 1998, and October 31, 2001. RESULTS: A total of 77 patients (31 OPCAB/46 CCAB) were identified as having an ejection fraction (EF) of < or = 0.35. Of these, 52 had EF < or = 0.30 (21 OPCAB/31 CCAB) and 31 patients had EF < or = 0.25 (10 OPCAB/21 CCAB). Operative mortality was 3.2% after the OPCAB procedure versus 10.9% for the CCAB (p = 0.39). Use of intraaortic balloon pump (6.5%) was rarely required. The OPCAB procedure resulted in significantly less requirement for blood transfusions (p < 0.05), fewer distal anastomoses per patient (p < 0.01), and a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation (p < 0.05) compared with CCAB. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with poor left ventricular function may undergo surgical revascularization using off-pump technique with relatively good results and low mortality levels. The lower number of grafts performed on the off-pump procedure did not seem to affect clinical outcomes.     

Coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with depressed left ventricular function: Operative results and long-term follow-up

Nine consecutive patients with coronary artery disease who had a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of less than 0.4 and underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) at our institution were studied. All patients had angina pectoris and six of the nine patients (67%) had a history of congestive heart failure. The mean EF was 0.37±0.03 and the mean LV end-diastolic pressure was 10.1±4.9 mm Hg. An average of 1.56±0.50 grafts per patient were placed and there was no operative death. The graft patency rate was 92.9% and the mean EF rose significantly from 0.37 to 0.53 after surgery (P<0.05). There was one late death, the 4-year actuarial survival rate being 88.9%. Of the eight long-term survivors, six (75%) were totally asymptomatic and only two had mild angina on exertion. This study confirmed that CABG for patients with depressed LV dysfunction can be performed safely with an acceptably low operative mortality, a significant improvement of LV function, and excellent long-term results.     

颈动脉弹性功能与冠状动脉搭桥术后血管狭窄程度的关系

目的 探讨颈动脉弹性功能与冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)后血管狭窄程度的关系.方法 对住院行冠状动脉旁路术的男性冠心病患者,搭桥血管狭窄程度采用Gensini积分法,通过超声血管回声跟踪技术动态观察颈动脉β(血管硬化值)、Ep(血管的弹性系数)、AC(血管的顺应性)的变化.结果 共有46例(46/97)患者出现不同程度的搭桥血管狭窄,搭桥血管狭窄患者颈动脉β(12.48±2.16)、Ep(140.41±32.46)高于搭桥血管通畅患者β(9.27±2.19)、Ep(109.72±31.27),搭桥血管狭窄患者AC(0.65±0.09)低于搭桥血管通畅患者AC(0.79±0.11),2组患者间颈动脉血管弹性参数β、Ep、AC测值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 颈动脉血管弹性功能测定可评价CABG术后血管狭窄.     

Coronary Artery Bypass Following Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

During a 4-year period, 286 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Seventy-three patients had single-vessel and 213 (74.5%) had multivessel coronary artery disease. Twenty-nine patients underwent PTCA because of an evolving acute myocardial infarction (MI). Forty-two patients had previously undergone 47 CABG procedures.One hundred fifteen patients underwent CABG on an emergency basis. Indications for emergency CABG after PTCA were prolonged chest pain (79.1%), worsening of coronary artery obstruction (59.1%), “current of injury” by electrocardiogram (31.3%), cardiogenic shock (27.8%), and, in a lesser incidence, ventricular fibrillation, coronary artery dissection (without obstruction), heart block, and intractable cardiac arrest. The 286 patients underwent 2.1 CABG procedures per patient with a thirty-day mortality of 6.3% (18 patients). The incidence of acute MI was 43.5 versus 4.1%; low cardiac output syndrome, 34.8 versus 7.0%; and operative death, 11.3 versus 2.9% in the emergency and nonemergency groups, respectively. Other significant predictors of operative death were previous CABG (16.7 versus 4.5%), multivessel coronary artery disease (8.0 versus 1.4%), and preoperative cardiogenic shock (15.6 versus 3.2%). Late follow-up reveals a mortality of 1.4% per year in those patients who were early survivors of CABG.     

肾功能不全患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术的长期随访结果

目的 分析估测肾小球滤过率(eGFR)<60 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)的患者冠状动脉旁路移植术后的长期随访结果.方法 回顾性分析1999年1月至2003年9月3371例冠状动脉旁路移植术患者的临床资料,用 Cockcroft-Gault公式计算eGFR,根据eGFR将患者分为肾功能不全组[eGFR<60 ml/(min·1.73 m~2),n=649]肾功能正常组[eGFR>=60 ml/(min·1.73 m~2),n=2722],比较两组患者的近远期随访结果.结果 肾功能不全组的住院病死率和随访4年病死率分别为2.77%和6.81%,明显高于肾功能正常组.肾功能不全组的其他围手术期并发症及远期不良事件发生率也明 显高于肾功能正常组.多因素 COX 回归分析结果显示,eGFR<60 ml/(rain·1.73 m~2)是冠状动脉旁 路移植术后远期死亡的独立危险因素(HR=1.948,95% CI:1.357-2.797,P<0.01).结论 eGFR <60 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)是冠状动脉旁路移植术的独立危险因素.     

连续170例冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病

目的 回顾应用冠状动脉旁路移植术（ＣＡＢＧ）治疗冠心病的早期效果和经验。方法 １７０例（男１５２例,女１８例;年龄３５－８０岁,平均６６．７岁）冠心病病人中９７％为多支冠状动脉病变。８１例左室射血分数≤４５％,其中２１例〈３０％。８４％病人心绞痛ＣＣＳⅢ－Ⅳ级。除１例在左前外侧小切口非体外循环下手术,余均为正中开胸低温体外循环下ＣＡＢＧ。     

Coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with impaired left ventricular function. Predictors of hospital outcome

This prospective study evaluates the surgical outcome of 75 consecutive patients with impaired left ventricular function, including an analysis of predictors of the short-term outcome following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Seventy-five patients (mean age 64 +/- 13 years) with coronary artery disease and impaired left ventricular function (left ventricular ejection fraction [EF] < or = 40%) who underwent a coronary artery bypass surgery were prospectively studied. Echocardiography and thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy were preoperatively performed to measure the left ventricular function and to assess myocardial viability. Postoperative echocardiography was done before discharge and six months later to evaluate recovery of left ventricular function. Five patients (6.7%) died in total: three deaths were cardiac related (4%) and two patients (2.7%) died due to other causes. The left ventricular ejection fraction improved immediately after the operation (from 32.2 +/- 6% to 39.5 +/- 8%, p = 0.01) and showed a sustained improvement at later follow-up (mean = 16.3 +/- 4.5 months) (44.0 +/- 4.0%, p = 0.01). The left ventricular wall motion score improved significantly only at later follow-up (from 12.2 +/- 1.8 to 9.4 +/- 2.0, p = 0.03). In 43 patients of whom a preoperative thallium-201 scintigraphy was available, the presence of extensive reversible defects was correlated with significant improvement in EF. On the other hand, a poor outcome was correlated with the presence of pathological Q waves in the preoperative ECG and with an increased left ventricular end-systolic volume index (> 100 ml/m2). Patients with marked left ventricular dysfunction can safely undergo CABG with a low mortality and morbidity. The presence of extensive reversible defects on preoperative thallium-201 scintigraphy is a strong predictor of postoperative recovery of myocardial function. A poor outcome of surgery can be expected in the presence of pathological Q waves on the preoperative ECG or when the left ventricular endsystolic volume index exceeds 100 ml/m2.     

Evaluation of right ventricular function by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography for patients with left ventricular dysfunction

We evaluated right and left ventricular function by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography for the patients with left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < or = 40) who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We divided these patients into two groups; group 1 who had difficulty of weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass due to hypotension (n = 8) and group 2 who did not have any difficulty of it (n = 17). Basement characteristics (age, gender, history of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, LVEF, severity of the right coronary artery disease) of both groups were not different significantly. Intraoperative characteristics (the number of distal anastomoses, duration of aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass, and bypass to the right coronary artery) were also not different between two groups. However, mean duration of ICU stay and in-hospital mortality were significantly longer and higher in group 1 than group 2. On the other hand, right ventricular systolic function was severely impaired, particularly postoperatively, in group 1 compared with group 2. Right and left ventricular systolic function of group 2 was fairly improved postoperatively. These results may indicate that right ventricular dysfunction is a potent predictor of postoperative morbidity and mortality for the patients with left ventricular dysfunction who undergo isolated CABG.     

Factors affecting post minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting incidence of myocardial infarction, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting and mortality of cardiac origin

In the present study we identify parameters which influence the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), need for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and cardiac mortality after minimal invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCABG). With a mean follow-up of 30+/-11.2 months, 390 patients were assessed with Wald test-corrected chi(2) analysis to identify preoperative factors which correlate with a higher incidence of post-MIDCABG MI, PCI, CABG and mortality from cardiac causes. We found an increased incidence of postoperative MI in patients with 2-vessel (8.7%) and 3-vessel (7.7%) vs. 1.3% 1-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) (P=0.023), and in patients with preceding cardiac procedure (CABG and PCI: 8.4% vs. 2.0% without, P=0.023). Also diabetes was associated with higher post-MIDCABG frequency of MI (P=0.035). Severity of angina was associated with lesser post-MIDCAB-PCI (P=0.011) while preceding CABG predicted a higher incidence (P=0.012). Preoperative low ejection fraction (EF) (multivariate, P<0.001), preoperative MI (P=0.007) and extent of CAD (P=0.001) were associated with a higher post-MIDCABG mortality. None of the parameters correlated with subsequent CABG MIDCABG. The extent and history of CAD, history of cardiac interventions and low EF seem to influence the outcome adversely and should be considered deciding pro or against the MIDCAB-option.     

Coronary artery bypass with ventricular restoration is superior to coronary artery bypass alone in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery bypass is an acceptable therapy in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. However, it has been demonstrated that patients with increased left ventricular volume have a worse outcome than patients with normal ventricular volume. Our hypothesis was that ventricular restoration plus coronary artery bypass provides improved outcome compared with coronary artery bypass alone in ischemic cardiomyopathy with ventricular enlargement. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ejection fraction <30%) who underwent operation between 1998 and 2002. Patients with enlarged ventricles (end-diastolic dimension > or =6.0 cm) who underwent either coronary artery bypass alone or coronary artery bypass with ventricular restoration were compared. Preoperative and postoperative ejection fraction, morbidity, mortality, and freedom from heart failure (hospitalization secondary to heart failure) were assessed. RESULTS: Ninety-five patients were included in the study. Thirty-nine patients had coronary artery bypass alone, whereas 56 patients had ventricular restoration with coronary artery bypass. Both groups demonstrated an improved postoperative ejection fraction; however, the improvement was significantly greater in the ventricular restoration plus coronary artery bypass group (P <.01). There were no hospital deaths in either group; however, late mortality was higher in the coronary artery bypass group. Freedom from heart failure was achieved in all but 2 of the ventricular restoration plus coronary artery bypass patients (2/56, or 3.6%) versus 7 in the coronary artery bypass group (7/39, or 18%). The combined outcomes of freedom from failure and late mortality were significantly improved in the ventricular restoration plus coronary artery bypass group (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ventricular restoration affords significant improvement in ejection fraction compared with coronary artery bypass alone, without added mortality. Most importantly, left ventricular restoration reduces late morbidity and mortality compared with coronary artery bypass alone in patients with large ventricles.     

Coronary artery bypass grafting for a patient with bronchial asthma seceeded from cardiopulmonary bypass by additional bypass for spasm of radial artery graft: a case report

A 78-year-old male who had a bronchial asthma underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using the left internal thoracic artery and the radial artery. The patient could not be weaned from the cardiopulmonary bypass because the radial artery which anastomosed to the obtuse marginal artery (OM) had a spasm after CABG. An additional bypass using a long saphenous vein to OM was carried out immediately. It brought a weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. If the cardiac function after CABG is insufficient in patients with bronchial asthma, CABG must be re-done immediately, considering that they cause the arterial spasm more than patients without bronchial asthma.     

Mortality and morbidity among patients who undergo combined valve and coronary artery bypass surgery: Early and late results

Aim: To describe mortality and morbidity early and late after combined valve surgery and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) as compared with CABG alone. Patients and methods: All patients from western Sweden in whom CABG in combination with valve surgery or CABG alone was carried out in 1988–1991. Results: Among 2116 patients who underwent CABG, 35 (2%) had this combined with mitral valve surgery and 134 (6%) had this combined with aortic valve surgery, whereas the remaining 92% underwent CABG alone. Patients who underwent combined valve surgery and CABG were older, included more women and had a higher prevalence of previous congestive heart failure and renal dysfunction but on the other hand a less severe coronary artery disease. Among patients who underwent mitral valve surgery in combination with CABG the mortality over the subsequent 5 years was 45%. The corresponding figure for patients who underwent aortic valve surgery in combination with CABG was 24%. Both were higher than for CABG alone (14%; P<0.0001 and P=0.003, respectively). In a stepwise multiple regression model mitral valve surgery in combination with CABG was found to be an independent significant predictor for death but aortic valve surgery in combination with CABG was not. Among patients who underwent mitral valve surgery in combination with CABG and were discharged alive from hospital 77% were rehospitalized during the 2 years following the operation as compared with 48% among patients who underwent aortic valve surgery in combination with CABG and 43% among patients with CABG alone. Multiple regression identified mitral valve surgery in combination with CABG as a significant independent predictor for rehospitalization but not aortic valve plus CABG. Conclusion: Among patients who either underwent CABG in combination with mitral valve surgery or aortic valve surgery or CABG alone, mitral valve surgery in combination with CABG was independently associated with death and rehospitalization, but the combination of aortic valve surgery and CABG was not.