血浆 EB病毒游离 DNA检测对监测鼻咽癌患者预后的意义

背景与目的:有报道 , 测定血浆中的 EB病毒游离 DNA( EBV-DNA)的拷贝数可作为诊断及监测鼻咽癌患者病情变化的手段之一.本研究旨在评价血浆 EBV-DNA检测在鼻咽癌患者预后监测上的价值, 并进一步与 VCA/IgA、 EA/IgA进行比较.方法:比较鼻咽癌放疗后 30例远处转移患者、 22例局部复发患者、 24例无 瘤生存者血浆中 EBV-DNA、 VCA/IgA、 EA/IgA水平.分别应用荧光定量 PCR方法检测血浆 EBV-DNA水平,免疫酶法检测 VCA/IgA、 EA/IgA;前瞻性观察 20例初诊鼻咽癌患者放疗前、放疗剂量达 40 Gy时及放疗结束时上述指标的变化. 结果:放疗后各组不同预后患者的血浆 EBV-DNA含量的中位数有显著性差异, 远处转移组为 135 100 copies/ml(四分线区域 5 525～ 1 003 750 copies/ml) >局部复发组的 20 500(四分线区域 0～ 58 500 copies/ml) > 无瘤生存组的 0 copy/ml(四分线区域 0～ 0 copy/ml), P均 < 0.05. 远处转移组的血浆 EBV-DNA水平高者较多, 当阳性标准为 1 000 000 copies/ml时,诊断远处转移组的敏感性为 27.3%,而诊断局部复发组的敏感性为 0.0%,特异性均为 100.0%.在初诊患者放疗前、放疗剂量达 40 Gy时及放疗结束时, EBV-DNA水平逐渐降低,平均含量分别为 32 050 copies/ml(四分线区域 3 880～ 317 750 copies/ml)、 0 copy/ml(四分线区域 0～ 14 375 copies/ml)、 0 copy/ml(四分线区域 0～ 2 940 copies/ml), P均 < 0.05, 而 VCA/IgA、 EA/IgA的水平未见明显变化. 结论: 血浆 EBV-DNA检测可用于监测鼻咽癌患者预后,其价值明显优于 VCA/IgA、 EA/IgA.     

Serum interleukin-1 beta levels correlate with neoplastic bulk in hairy cell leukemia

Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) serum levels were evaluated in 24 hairy cell leukemia (HCL) patients. Of these, three patients were studied at the time of diagnosis, 12 in relapse after interferon (IFN) therapy, eight with a partial response after IFN and one with a complete response after 2-deoxycoformycin (DCF) therapy. Statistically significant differences were observed in the serum levels of IL-1 beta and sIL-2R between HCL patients and controls. These were 400.3 pg per 0.1 ml (range 23.2-990) and 64.3 pg per 0.1 ml (20-115) for IL-1 beta and 4667.2 U/ml (488-7800) and 424.3 U/ml (188-666) for sIL-2R, respectively. In contrast, IL-1 alpha measurements showed no statistical differences between the two groups. A significant increase of sIL-2R (p = 0.01) and IL-1 beta (p = 0.03) serum levels was observed in patients studied at the time of diagnosis or in relapse compared to those in partial or complete remission. IL-1 beta serum levels directly correlated with sIL-2R (p less than 0.0001) and with hairy cell (HC) bone marrow infiltration, expressed by the HC index (p = 0.003). The comparison of IL-1 beta serum levels of HCL patients with those detected among 149 patients grouped according to diagnosis (Hodgkin's disease = 17, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas = 57, acute non-lymphoid leukemia = 46, and acute lymphoid leukemia = 29) indicate that HCL patients showed the highest IL-1 beta serum level increase, indicating that IL-1 beta could be used as a specific clinical marker of this disease.     

食管癌根治性放疗中ENI与IFI失败模式研究

目的 比较食管癌根治放疗中ENI与IFI后的失败模式,探讨局部区域复发转移的原因及影响因素。方法 回顾2006—2012年在本院接受根治性放疗的245例食管癌患者资料,其中接受ENI者126例,接受IFI者119例。分析疗后的失败模式,其中区域失败包括食管病变局部未控或复发及区域淋巴结复发或转移,远处转移包括远处脏器转移及区域外淋巴结转移。失败模式比较采用Kaplan-Meier法计算,并用Logrank法检验。结果 全组患者出现疗后失败163例,其中局部区域失败92例、单纯远处转移36例、区域失败伴远处转移35例。ENI与IFI疗后1、3、5年总失败率不相同,分别为35.4%、62.5%、69.0%与46.5%、71.5%、81.5%(P=0.036);1、3、5年局部区域失败率也不相同,分别为29.9%、48.4%、50.0%与39.6%、62.1%、71.4%(P=0.003)。结论 食管癌根治放疗时ENI可明显降低局部区域失败,提高LRC,进而改善长期生存。     

Clinical Significance of Serial Measurement of the Serum Levels of Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor and Soluble CD8 in Malignant Lymphoma

We serially measured the serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and soluble CD8 (sCD8) in 36 patients with malignant lymphoma (33 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases and three Hodgkin's disease cases). The level of serum sIL-2R was significantly elevated in patients with active disease (18) compared to those in remission (18), and correlated with the clinical stage of the lymphoma. The temporal profile of the sIL-2R level reliably represented the disease status, which was judged clinically, during the course of the disease. In three patients, the tumor bulk paralleled the sIL-2R level. On the other hand, a less significant correlation was found between the serum sCD8 level and disease activity. The serial measurement of sCD8 appeared to be less useful for monitoring the disease activity, although there was a significant correlation between the sCD8 and sIL-2R levels. This study indicates that serial measurement of the serum sIL-2R level may be useful for monitoring the tumor burden in response to treatment and for early detection of disease progression in malignant lymphoma.     

可手术切除食管癌单纯三维适形放疗失败原因分析

目的 分析可手术切除食管鳞癌患者单纯三维适形放疗(3DCRT)结果,为准确判断预后和取得更好疗效提供参考。
方法 回顾分析本院2002-2007年间92例根治性3DCRT食管癌患者治疗失败原因,Kaplan-Meier法计算复发、转移、局部控制、生存等,Cox法分析影响复发、转移的因素。
结果 总失败率为51%(47/92),失败原因中单纯区域性复发29例、单纯远处转移12例、远处转移伴区域性复发6例。区域性复发中胸中段食管癌高于胸上、下段食管癌(23、8、4例,χ²=39.36,P=0.000),部分缓解者高于完全缓解者(18、7例,χ²=23.44,P=0.000);远处转移中胸下段食管癌高于胸上中段食管癌(7、6、5例,χ²=14.42,P=0.001)。多因素分析结果显示N分期、临床分期和近期疗效为影响区域性复发因素;N分期、临床分期、病变X线长度和近期疗效为影响远处转移因素。
结论 单纯3DCRT后胸上段食管癌患者区域性复发率和远处转移率低于胸中下段食管癌患者,疗后达完全缓解者区域性复发率和远处转移率较低,临床分期仍是影响区域性复发和远处转移的重要因素。     

Soluble interleukin-2 receptors in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The authors performed a retrospective analysis of serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels in 72 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) using an enzyme immunoassay. Their objectives were to determine the value of serum sIL-2R in estimating the tumor burden, and its predictive value in response to therapy and prognosis. The data showed that serum sIL-2R levels in patients were significantly higher than that of healthy controls. The serum levels correlated with clinical staging and hence the tumor burden of NPC. Serial measurement of serum sIL-2R provided an accurate prognostic index of the clinical response to radiotherapy in at least 89% of patients with raised serum sIL-2R at initial diagnosis (defined as mean + 2 SD of healthy controls) and a reliable predictive index in all patients who subsequently developed distant metastasis despite initial radiotherapy. Simultaneous measurement of Epstein-Barr virus-related serology (IgA-VCA and IgG-EA) failed to demonstrate predictive value comparable with that of serum sIL-2R. The authors conclude that monitoring serum sIL-2R levels has clinical and prognostic significance in patients with NPC and that prospective studies are indicated.     

Serum concentrations of soluble interleukin-2 receptor in patients with malignant brain tumors

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Interleukin-2 receptor alpha (IL-2Ralpha) can combine with IL-2 firmly, and soluble IL-2Ralpha (sIL-2Ralpha) is elevated in sera from patients with various types of cancers. To investigate the role of this receptor, we studied the changes of serum sIL-2Ralpha in patients with malignant brain tumors. METHODS: SIL-2Ralpha was measured in 100 patients with malignant brain tumors (63 cancer metastasis, 16 malignant gliomas, 21 malignant lymphomas), and 51 patients with cancer who had no distant metastasis such as brain metastasis. RESULTS: In patients with 35 metastatic brain tumors from lung cancer, the levels of sIL-2Ralpha were not significantly different from levels in normal volunteers (311 +/- 62.4 U/ml). In patients with 25 metastatic brain tumors from lung adenocarcinoma, the mean level of serum sIL-2Ralpha was 352 +/- 94.0 U/ml. These same patients showed high levels of serum sIL-2Ralpha (492 +/- 101 U/ml) with regional lymph nodes metastasis. Serum sIL-2Ralpha concentration in 16 patients with malignant glioma varied greatly with the mean concentration of 328 +/- 192 U/ml. In 5 of 16 patients with malignant glioma, we could detect the significant increase of serum sIL-2Ralpha concentration from early stage of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Serum levels of sIL-2Ralpha could be a useful immunological marker in patients with malignant brain tumors.     

术后放疗在T1～T2期腋窝淋巴结1～3个转移乳腺癌中的临床应用

目的探讨T1～T2期腋窝淋巴结1～3个转移乳腺癌改良根治术后放疗的疗效及影响术后复发的相关因素。方法回顾分析496例腋窝淋巴结1～3个转移的早期患者,所有患者均行乳腺癌改良根治术,术后行放射治疗者210例,未行放疗者286例。术后随访满5年,组间差异采用χ2检验,影响复发率的多因素分析采用Logistic回归分析。结果全组5年生存率：92.3%（458/496）,5年局部复发率7.3%（36/496）,远处转移率12.1%（60/496）。术后放疗组与未放疗组的局部复发率分别为4.3%和9.4%（χ2=4.780,P=0.029）。Logistic回归分析提示,术后复发与是否行肿瘤局切术[Exp（B）=3.420,P=0.004]、月经状况[Exp（B）=0.336,P=0.032]、肿块位置[Exp（B）=4.744,P=0.000]、淋巴结清扫个数[Exp（B）=5.507,P=0.000]相关。结论术后放疗可降低T1～T2期腋窝淋巴结1～3个转移乳腺癌患者的局部复发率;肿瘤局切术后、绝经前、肿块位于中央区或内象限、淋巴结清扫数〈10个等为影响肿瘤复发的独立高危因素,对这部分患者应积极考虑行术后放疗。     

Locoregional recurrence and metastasis in the long-term follow-up of postmastectomy breast cancer patients with T1–T2 tumours and one to three positive lymph nodes

Introduction

In this work we want to know the long-term rates of locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis in a population of breast cancer patients with pT1–pT2 tumours and one to three positive lymph nodes who were treated with mastectomy and axillary lymphadenectomy, and to study the relationship of certain clinical and histopathological parameters to their development.

Material and methods

Ninety patients diagnosed with a breast tumour of less than 5 cm and one to three affected lymph node, and undergoing a modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymphadenectomy, were studied. The mean overall follow-up was 132 months, and the minimum follow-up for the living patients was 10 years. Locoregional recurrence and metastasis development rates were studied and clinical and pathological parameters were evaluated.

Results

We found locoregional recurrence in 22.5% of the patients, and systemic metastases in 30.3%. In the study of locoregional recurrences significant differences were found for tumour size (T2) (p=0.001) and metastasis were more frequent with extracapsular lymph node extension (p=0.02) and non-administration of chemotherapy (0.019).

Conclusions

The parameter related to the development of locoregional recurrence was tumour size (stage T2) and those related to the development of metastasis were extracapsular lymph node extension and non-administration of chemotherapy.     

下咽癌调强放疗的疗效分析及对喉咽功能的影响

目的 探讨无远处转移下咽癌患者调强放疗（IMRT）的疗效,并观察IMRT后患者的喉咽功能情况。方法 回顾性分析本院2007年4月至2012年10月收治的35例无远处转移下咽癌,均采用IMRT,原发灶大体肿瘤靶区（GTV）及颈部转移淋巴结GTV2的放疗处方剂量为66～70Gy。4例行单纯放疗,31例行放化联合治疗。随访患者的复发、生存（无病生存率及总生存率）及喉咽功能情况。结果 随访5～59个月（中位16个月）,9例局部区域复发,3例远处转移。全组2年局部区域控制率、2年无病生存率和2年生存率分别为71.9％、66.1％和55.6％。13例死亡患者中有7例死于局部区域复发,3例死于远处转移。12例生存超过2年的患者中91.7％喉咽功能保留较好。结论 IMRT可提高下咽癌患者的局部区域控制率,且能较好保留喉咽功能,但局部区域复发仍是其治疗失败的主要原因。     

局部晚期胃癌根治术后复发部位分析及对术后放疗意义的探讨

目的 分析局部晚期胃癌根治术后(＞D1术)患者首次失败部位和影响复发的因素,评估术后辅助同期放化疗的必要性.方法 对2002-2004年在本院接受胃癌根治术(R0切除,＞D1淋巴结清扫)、病理诊断为T3～4N0～1M0期或TxN2～3M0期,复查超过1年且有完备医学书写记录的297例患者的临床、病理资料进行回顾分析.Ⅱ、Ⅲa,Ⅲb,Ⅳ期(M0)患者分别占19.5%、52.2%、17.8%、10.4%.76.1%患者接受了术后辅助化疗,仅2例接受了术后放疗.结果 全组中位随访时间61个月,随访率为92.3%.145例患者出现术后复发,中位复发时间26个月.复发患者中局部区域复发82例,与全组远处转移的79例相当.局部区域复发部位主要为残胃、吻合口、腹腔或腹膜后淋巴结;远处转移最多见于肝脏和肺.单因素分析影响局部区域复发的主要临床病理因素为病理类型(χ2=11.50,P=0.009)、淋巴结检出总数(χ2=6.65,P=0.010)、淋巴结阳性(χ2=5.80,P=0.016)、淋巴结包膜受侵(χ2=5.15,P=0.023)和病理分期(χ2=7.86,P=0.049).多因素分析显示病理类型、淋巴结检出总数、病理分期和Borrmann分型为影响局部区域复发的独立预后因素(χ2=6.77、19.33、17.84、6.02,P=0.009、0.000、0.000、0.014).结论 胃癌根治术后、＞D1淋巴结清扫且接受术后化疗者术后局部区域复发仍为主要失败原因,建议对局部区域复发高危患者行术后同期放化疔的前瞻性研究.

Abstract：

Objective The benefit of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy remains controversial for gastric cancer patients treated with more than D1 dissection. This retrospective analysis is to distinguish the first site of recurrence in patients treated with curative resection and more than D1 dissection and to find any feasible adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy recommendation for them. Methods All patients treated between January 2002 and December 2004 who met the following criteria were analyzed: primary gastric or gastroesophageal cancer, underwent curative gastrectomy ( UICC R0 ) and more than D1 lymphadenectomy,pathologically staged as T3-4N0-1 M0, or any Tx N2-3M0. There were 297 patients analyzed and 19.5%,52. 2%, 17. 8% , 10. 4% of patients had stage Ⅱ ( T3 N0 M0, T1 N2 M0 ), Ⅲa, Ⅲb and Ⅳ ( M0 ) diseases,respectively. 76. 1% of patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, while Only 2 patients underwent adjuvant radiotherapy. Failure patterns and the prognostic factors for locoregional recurrence were analyzed. Results The median follow-up time was 61 months and the follow-up rate was 92. 3%. 145 patients developed recurrence with a median recurrent time of 26 months. Locoregional recurrence was observed in 82 patients and distant metastasis in 79 patients. Gastric stump, anastomosis, intra-abdominal lymph nodes were the most common sites of locoregional recurrence. Liver and lung were the most frequent sites of distant metastasis. Prognostic variables for locoregional recurrence were identified after univariate analysis,including pathologic type ( χ2 = 11.50, P = 0. 009 ), total number of dissected lymph nodes ( χ2 = 6. 65,P =0. 010), the number of positive lymph node ( χ2 =5. 80,P =0. 016), lymph node capsular invasion ( χ2 =pathologic type, total number of dissected lymph nodes, lymph node capsular invation, AJCC TNM stage and Borrmann type were independent prognostic factors for locoregional recurrence ( χ2 = 6. 77,19. 33,17. 84 and 6. 02,P =0. 009,0. 000,0. 000 and 0. 014). Conclusions Locoregional recurrence remains the main cause of failure for locally advanced gastric or gastroesophageal cancer patients even though the patients have had more than D1 lymphadenectomy. The role of adjuvant concurrent hemoradiotheray for those patients is warranted.     

新辅助化疗后保留乳房手术治疗进展期乳腺癌可行性分析

目的 对新辅助化疗后保留乳房手术治疗进展期乳腺癌行可行性分析。方法 收集2010年6月—2011年6月间进展期乳腺癌患者60例,根据患者意愿分为新辅助化疗后保乳手术组和改良根治术组,每组30例,分别给予新辅助化疗后保乳手术及改良根治手术,随访3年。比较两组的治疗效果,并分析两组乳腺癌循环肿瘤细胞(CTCs)阳性情况,记录两组患者随访后期局部复发率、远处转移率、总生存率和无瘤生存率。结果 新辅助化疗后保乳手术组与改良根治术组相比,两组CTCs检出率没有统计学差异(P＞0.05),两组患者在临床完全缓解率、部分缓解率、疾病稳定率以及局部复发率、远处转移率、总生存率和无瘤生存率方面均无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。结论 对进展期乳腺癌患者应用新辅助化疗合并保乳手术治疗,能达到与改良根治术类似的治疗效果,可作为治疗进展期乳腺癌的一种选择。     

腋淋巴结阳性乳腺癌结外侵犯的临床意义

目的 探讨乳腺癌患者淋巴结外侵犯(ECE)的临床意义.方法 回顾性分析1230例腋窝淋巴结阳性乳腺癌,观察ECE与临床病理指标之间关系及对患者预后的影响.结果 腋窝淋巴结阳性乳腺癌患者中,ECE阳性率为39.5%.绝经前和绝经后患者ECE的发生率分别为35.5%和47.5%(P＜0.001).ECE阳性组和阴性组的肿瘤直径分别为5.11±2.53 cm和3.90±1.80 cm(P＜0.001),肿瘤直径越大,ECE阳性比例越高(P＜0.001).ECE阳性患者和ECE阴性患者的阳性淋巴结数目分别为16.96±12.16和5.24±6.60(P＜0.001),随腋窝阳性淋巴结数目增多,ECE阳性率明显增加(P＜0.001).ECE的发生与ER、PR状态无显著相关(P=0.706).ECE足乳腺癌患者局部或区域复发的危险因素(P＜0.001),复发时间差异无统计学意义(P=0.559).ECE阳性组和ECE阴性组的远处转移时问分别为30.0个月和37.5个月(P=0.006).首发骨、皮肤和远隔淋巴结组及内脏转移组的ECE阳性率分别为60.4%和42.0%(P=0.001).ECE阳性患者的无转移生存时间、无局部或区域复发生存时间及总生存时间均小于ECE阴性患者.预后单因素和多因素分析显示,ECE是影响乳腺癌患者无转移生存时间、无局部或区域复发生存时间及总生存时间的独立危险因素.结论 乳腺癌患者ECE的发生与肿瘤直径和受累淋巴结数日呈正相关;ECE是乳腺癌局部或区域复发和远处转移的危险因素;ECE是影响乳腺癌患者无转移生存时间、无局部或区域复发生存时间及总生存时间的危险因素.     

肺癌化疗前后血清可溶性白介素－2受体水平测定的临床意义

目的评价肺癌患者化疗前后血清可溶性白介素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平变化的临床意义。方法采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定方法检测５４例肺癌患者化疗前后ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平．并与５０例正常对照作比较。结果肺癌患者ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平（１８７．８８±４４．６６ｕ／ｍｌ）显著高于正常对照组（１０６．８５±１８．７２ｕ／ｍｌ）（Ｐ＜０．０５），且化疗后有效（完全缓解和部分缓解）患者ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平（１０３．６３±３７．９３Ｕ／ｍｌ）显著低于化疗前者（１９２．３２±７６．９６ｕ／ｍｌ）（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论血清。ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ检测可以作为疗效和判断预后的一个监测指标。     

Detection of cell free Epstein-Barr virus DNA in sera from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The detection of tumor-derived DNA within the circulation of patients with malignant disease using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based strategies has opened a new avenue for the diagnosis and monitoring of these patients. Because of the universal association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with the nonsquamous type of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC; World Health Organization types II and III), the detection of cell free EBV DNA in sera from patients with NPC may be a valuable tool for monitoring the progress of tumors or to provide advanced warning of tumor recurrence. METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from different patients, and cell free EBV DNA was detected with a conventional PCR approach. A total of 134 patients were sampled, including 36 patients with primary NPC, 28 control patients, 18 patients suffering from locoregional recurrence, 7 patients with distant metastasis, and 45 patients with NPC in clinical remission. A conventional PCR approach employing standard 35-cycle and 50-cycle reactions was used to detect cell free EBV genomes. Results from the two PCR cycles were compared to provide a semiquantitative picture of the relative quantity of EBV genome in each serum sample. RESULTS: The EBV DNA detection rates, i.e., the rates of positive detection, for 35-cycle and 50-cycle PCR analyses, respectively, were 38.9% and 75% for patients with primary NPC, 3.5% and 10.7% for control patients, 27.8% and 88.9% for patients with locoregional disease recurrence, 71.4% and 100% for patients with distant metastasis, and 7.1% and 36.5% for patients with disease in clinical remission. The rates of positive detection among patients with active disease all appeared to be significantly greater compared with the rates among patients with disease in clinical remission. Longitudinal data for six patients with recurrent tumors revealed a close correlation between the relative quantity of circulating cell free EBV genomes and the disease course of these patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the 50-cycle PCR analysis for detecting recurrent disease were 92%, 63.5%, 42.6%, and 96.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that, by using a 50-cycle PCR-based approach, high sensitivity and high negative predictive value for detecting recurrent disease can be obtained from the detection of the cell free EBV genome in sera from patients with NPC. The 50-cycle PCR analysis, therefore, may provide a simple, clinically useful adjuvant method for monitoring patients with NPC.     

复发性喉癌患者的临床特点和影响预后因素的分析

喉癌复发是影响预后的重要因素,但对复发性喉癌患者的临床特点和影响预后因素的研究较少。本研究的目的是总结分析复发性喉癌患者的临床特点,探讨影响复发性喉癌患者预后的主要因素。     

Prognostic values of pathologic findings and hypoxia markers in 21 patients with salivary duct carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is associated with aggressive clinical behavior. METHODS: We examined the prognostic values of clinicopathologic variables and hypoxia biomarker expression in 21 patients with SDC treated by resection with/without neck dissection and radiotherapy. Tissue microarrays constructed from tumor blocks were stained with monoclonal antibodies to hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, HIF-2alpha, carbonic anhydrase-9, glucose transporter-1, and erythropoietin receptor. Locoregional control and survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and prognostic factors were calculated from uni- and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The cervical nodal metastasis rate was 67% at initial diagnosis and the distant metastasis rate was 71% during follow-up. The only significant predictor of distant metastasis was nodal metastasis (P = 0.006). Actuarial 5-year locoregional control, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival rates were 57%, 40%, and 44%. Multivariate analysis showed that lymphovascular and perineural invasion and radiotherapy were independent predictors of overall survival (P < 0.025). None of the hypoxia biomarkers, however, was a significant predictor of locoregional control, distant metastasis, or survival. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphovascular and perineural invasion, but not hypoxia biomarkers, were significant prognostic factors for patients with SDC.     

大肠癌血清肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素8和可溶性白细胞介素2受体水平的检测及其临床意义

目的探讨血清肿瘤坏死因子（TNFα）、白细胞介素8（IL-8）和可溶性白细胞介素2受体（sIL-2R）水平在结直肠癌中的意义。方法用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法测定93例结直肠癌患者和33例健康对照组外周静脉血清TNFα、IL-8和sIL-2R含量。结果结直肠癌患者血清TNFα、IL-8和sIL-2R含量明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．001）,Dukes分期C＋D期结肠癌患者血清TNFα,IL-8和sIL-2R含量明显高于DukesA＋B期（P〈0．001）,手术后3年复发者血清TNFα、IL-8和sIL-2R的含量均高于未复发组（P〈0．001）。结论TNFα、IL-8、sIL-2R是与结肠癌病情变化和预后相关的细胞因子,可作为结肠癌病情监测和预后判断的指标。     

Therapeutic strategy for postoperative recurrence in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Postoperative recurrence occurs in approximately half of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), even after complete resection. Disease recurrence after surgical resection reduces the patient’s life expectancy sharply. The prognosis after postoperative recurrence is considered to largely depend on both the mode of first recurrence (distant, locoregional or combined) and the treatment modality: (1) The majority of cases of postoperative recurrence involve distant metastasis with or without locoregional recurrence. Platinum-based systemic chemotherapy is practically accepted as the treatment for these diseases on the basis of evidence for original stage IV disease. The advent of both pemetrexed and molecular-targeted drugs has improved the survival of nonsquamous NSCLC and changed the chemotherapeutic algorithm for NSCLC; (2) Among patients with distant metastatic recurrence without locoregional recurrence at the primary tumor site, the metastasis is often limited in both organ and number. Such metastases are referred to as oligometastases. Local therapy, such as surgical resection and radiotherapy, has been suggested to be the first-line treatment of choice for oligometastatic recurrence; and (3) While locoregional recurrence is likely to cause troublesome symptoms, it is a potentially limited disease. Therefore, providing local control is important, and radiation is usually beneficial for treating local recurrence. In order to obtain better control of the disease and provide treatment with curative intent in patients with limited disease, the administration of concurrent platinum-based chemoradiotherapy is recommended according to the results of originally nonresectable stage IIIA and IIIB disease.     

Survival and Pattern of Failure Following Locoregional Recurrence of Breast Cancer

This study analyzed prognostic factors at primary diagnosis and at first recurrence for impact on survival after isolated locoregional failure. The aims were: (1) assessment of prognostic factors for time to second locoregional failure, distant failure, and survival in isolated locoregional recurrence of breast cancer after mastectomy; and (2) investigation of the impact of a second locoregional failure on dissemination and survival.Between 1983 and 1985, 99 patients who had undergone mastectomy and then developed isolated local and/or regional recurrences, were treated with radical excision and radiotherapy; none of these patients had distant metastases. Survival and the times to second local failure and distant metastasis were analyzed according to potential prognostic factors.The median follow-up was 123 months; 38 patients were still alive. Median survival was 89 months and the 10-year survival rate was 38%, with no difference between local and regional recurrences. A total of 43 patients developed a second locoregional recurrence after a median of 73 months; primary tumour size and initial node status were significant independent prognostic factors. The annual hazard rates for recurrence were similar for patients developing local failure or systemic recurrence. The 10-year rate of dissemination was 49% for patients with locoregional control, compared with 51% for patients who had a second locoregional recurrence. The prognostic factors for survival were node status at mastectomy and haemoglobin level at first recurrence.The development of a second locoregional recurrence was not associated with an increased risk of dissemination or reduced survival. Differences in prognostic factors for locoregional control and distant metastases suggest that these recurrences represent different biological entities that require different treatment strategies. However, as the achievement of locoregional control had no influence on prognosis, the use of systemic adjuvant therapy may be warranted in a subset of these patients.